凡看小儿病，先观形色，切脉次之。盖面部气色，总见五位色青者，惊积不散，欲发
风候；五位色红者，痰积壅盛，惊悸不宁；五位色黄者，食积 伤，疳候痞癖；五位色白
者，肺气不实，滑泄吐利；五位色黑者，脏腑欲绝，为疾危。面青眼青肝之病，面赤心之病
，面黄脾之病，面白肺之病，面黑肾之病。先别五脏，各有所主，次探表里虚实病之由。肝
病主风，实则目直大叫，项急烦闷；虚则切牙呵欠，气热则外生，气温则内生。心病主惊，
实则叫哭，发热饮水而搐，手足动摇；虚则困卧，惊悸不安。脾病主困，实则困睡，身热不
思乳食；虚则吐泻生风。肺病主喘，实则喘乱喘促，有饮水者，不饮水者；虚则哽气长，出
气短，喘息。肾病主虚无实，目无精光，畏明，体骨重，痘疹黑陷。以上之症，更当别其虚
实症候，假如肺病，又见肝症，切牙多呵欠者易治，肝虚不能胜肺故也。若目直大叫哭，项
急烦闷难治。盖肺久病则虚冷，肝强实而胜肺也。视病之虚实，虚则补其母，实则泻其子也
眼内赤者心实热，淡红色者虚之说，青者肝热浅淡虚，黄者脾热无他说，白面混者
肺热侵，目无精光肾虚诀。
儿子人中青，多因果子生，色若人中紫，果食积为痞。人中现黄色，宿乳蓄胃成。龙角
青筋起，皆因四足惊。若然虎角黑，水扑是其形。赤色印堂上，其惊必是人。眉间赤黑
紫，急救莫沉吟。红赤眉毛下，分明死不生。
凡诊治小儿疾病，首先观察其形体与气色，其次再切按脉搏。面部的气色变化，主要反映五个部位的情况：若五位呈现青色，说明惊风与积滞不散，即将发作风证；若五位呈现红色，说明痰湿积滞壅盛，伴有惊悸不安；若五位呈现黄色，说明饮食积滞损伤脾胃，出现疳积、痞块等病候；若五位呈现白色，说明肺气虚弱不实，易患滑泄、呕吐腹泻之症；若五位呈现黑色，说明脏腑功能即将衰竭，病情危重。
面色青且眼珠发青，是肝脏的病变；面色赤红，是心脏的病变；面色黄，是脾脏的病变；面色白，是肺脏的病变；面色黑，是肾脏的病变。首先要辨别五脏所属，因为各脏有所主司，然后再探究表里虚实以明确病因。
肝病主风，实证表现为两眼直视、大声呼叫、项背强急、烦闷；虚证表现为咬牙、呵欠，若体内有热则症状外显，若体内有寒则症状内生。心病主惊，实证表现为叫哭、发热、想喝水并伴有抽搐、手足动摇；虚证表现为嗜睡困倦、惊悸不安。脾病主困顿，实证表现为嗜睡、身体发热、不思乳食；虚证表现为呕吐、腹泻并引发风证。肺病主喘，实证表现为呼吸急促紊乱，有的想喝水，有的不想喝水；虚证表现为叹气声长、呼气短促、喘息。肾病主虚而无实证，表现为眼神无光彩、畏光、身体骨骼沉重、痘疹颜色黑陷。
以上这些症状，更应当辨别其虚实证候。例如肺病，如果又见到肝的症状，如咬牙多呵欠的，容易治疗，这是因为肝气虚弱不能克制肺金所致。如果出现两眼直视、大声叫哭、项背强急、烦闷难治的情况，这是因为肺久病导致虚冷，而肝气强实从而克制肺金。根据病情的虚实，虚证则补益其母脏，实证则泻除其子脏。
眼睛内部发红的是心经实热，淡红色的是虚热；眼周发青的是肝热，浅淡的是肝虚；发黄的是脾热，没有其他解释；面色苍白混浊的是肺热侵袭；眼神无光彩的是肾虚的诊断要点。
小儿人中部位发青，多因吃果子引起；人中部位呈紫色，是因吃水果积滞形成痞块。人中现黄色，是宿奶蓄积在胃中形成的。龙角处青筋突起，都是因被四足动物惊吓所致。如果虎角处发黑，则是被水扑倒造成的。印堂部位呈赤色，其惊恐必是人为惊吓所致。眉间呈现赤、黑、紫三色，需紧急救治，不可犹豫。眉毛下方呈现红赤色，分明是死症，无法挽救。
In the treatment of pediatric diseases, one must first observe the child's physical form and complexion, followed by pulse diagnosis. The changes in facial complexion primarily reflect conditions at five specific areas: If the complexion at these five areas is cyanotic (Qing), it indicates that fright and stagnation are not dispersing, and wind syndrome is about to manifest; if the complexion is red, it indicates excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness, accompanied by palpitations and restlessness; if the complexion is yellow, it indicates damage from food stagnation, presenting with malnutrition (Gan) and abdominal masses (Pi Pi); if the complexion is white, it indicates deficiency of Lung Qi, predisposing to loose stools, vomiting, and diarrhea; if the complexion is black, it indicates impending failure of the Zang-Fu organs, signifying a critical condition.
A cyanotic face with cyanotic eyes indicates Liver pathology; a reddish face indicates Heart pathology; a yellow face indicates Spleen pathology; a white face indicates Lung pathology; a black face indicates Kidney pathology. One must first distinguish the involvement of the Five Zang organs, as each has its specific dominion, and then investigate the exterior-interior and deficiency-excess nature to determine the etiology.
Liver diseases are associated with Wind. Excess patterns manifest as staring eyes, loud crying, neck stiffness, and irritability; deficiency patterns manifest as teeth grinding and yawning, with symptoms appearing externally if there is internal heat or internally if there is internal cold. Heart diseases are associated with Fright. Excess patterns manifest as crying and wailing, fever, desire for water, convulsions, and trembling of the hands and feet; deficiency patterns manifest as lethargy, drowsiness, and restless palpitations. Spleen diseases are associated with lethargy. Excess patterns manifest as drowsiness, body heat, and anorexia; deficiency patterns manifest as vomiting, diarrhea, and the generation of Wind. Lung diseases are associated with wheezing. Excess patterns manifest as chaotic and rapid breathing, with some patients desiring water and others not; deficiency patterns manifest on long sighs, short exhalations, and panting. Kidney diseases are characterized by deficiency rather than excess, manifesting as lackluster eyes, photophobia, heaviness of the body and bones, and blackening/involution of chickenpox lesions.
Among these symptoms, one must further distinguish between deficiency and excess syndromes. For instance, in Lung disease, if Liver symptoms also appear, such as teeth grinding and frequent yawning, the prognosis is favorable because the Liver Qi is deficient and cannot overcome the Lung Metal. However, if staring eyes, loud crying, neck stiffness, and severe irritability occur, the condition is difficult to treat. This is because prolonged Lung disease leads to deficiency-cold, while strong Liver excess overcomes the Lung. According to the principle of treating deficiency and excess, deficiency is treated by tonifying the mother organ, and excess is treated by draining the son organ.
Redness inside the eyes indicates Heart excess-heat; pale red indicates deficiency-heat; bluish-green around the eyes indicates Liver heat, while pale green indicates Liver deficiency; yellowness indicates Spleen heat; whitish and turbid complexion indicates Lung heat invasion; and lackluster eyes indicate Kidney deficiency.
If the philtrum (Ren Zhong) of the child is cyanotic, it is often caused by eating fruits; if the philtrum is purple, it indicates stagnation from fruit consumption leading to abdominal masses. If the philtrum appears yellow, it indicates retained milk accumulating in the Stomach. Cyanotic veins rising at the "Dragon Horn" (a point near the inner canthus) are due to fright from four-legged animals. If the "Tiger Horn" (a point near the outer canthus) is black, it indicates trauma from being splashed or knocked down by water. Redness on the Yintang (between the eyebrows) indicates fright caused by human interaction. Red, black, or purple colors on the glabella require urgent rescue without hesitation. Redness below the eyebrows clearly indicates a fatal condition with no hope of survival.