\r任脉\pj-j31.bmp\r
任脉者。起于中极之下。以上毛际。循腹里。上关元。至喉咙。属阴脉之海也。
任之为言妊也。行腹部中行。为妇人生养之本。奇经之一脉也。任与督。一源而二岐。
督则
腹背言。天地之子午。以南北言。可以分。可以合者也。分之。以见阴阳之不杂。合之。以
见浑沦之无间。一而二。二而一者也。任脉起于中极之下。会阴之分也。由是循曲骨。上毛
际。至中极。行腹里。上循关元、石门、气海、阴交、神阙、水分、下脘、建里、中脘、上
脘、巨阙、鸠尾、中庭、膻中、玉堂、紫宫、华盖、璇玑、天突、廉泉。上颐。循承浆。环唇
上。至龈交分行。系两目下之中央。会承泣而终也。云阴脉之海者。亦以人之脉络。周流于
诸阴之分。譬犹水也。而任脉则为之总会焉。故曰阴脉之海。
行腹中一行。凡二十四穴。
会阴（一名屏翳） 两阴间。任督冲三脉所起。督由会阴而行背。任由会阴而行腹。冲由
气冲
小便。阴端寒。冲心窍。中热皮疼痛。谷道瘙痒。久痔相通。女子经水不通。阴门肿痛。卒
死者。针一寸。补之。溺死者。令人倒驮出水。针补。尿屎出则活。余不可针。
曲骨 横骨上。中极下一寸。毛际陷中。动脉应手。足厥阴、任脉之会。铜人。灸七壮
至七
胀满。小便淋沥不通。 疝。小腹痛。妇人赤白带下。
中极（一名玉泉 一名气原） 关元下一寸。脐下四寸。膀胱之募。足三阴、任脉之会。
铜人
气积聚。时上冲心。腹中热。脐下结块。贲豚抢心。阴汗水肿。阳气虚惫。小便频数。失精
绝子。疝瘕。妇人产后恶露不行。胎衣不下。月事不调。血结成块。子门肿痛不端。小腹苦
寒。阴痒而热。阴痛。恍惚尸厥。饥不能食。临经行房。羸瘦寒热。转脬不得尿。妇人断绪
。四度针。即有子。
关元 脐下三寸。小肠之募。足三阴、任脉之会。下纪者。关元也。素注。刺一寸二分
。留
妇禁针。若针而落胎。胎多不出。针外昆仑立出。主积冷虚乏。脐下绞痛。渐入阴中。发作
无时。冷气结块痛。寒气入腹痛。失精白浊。溺血暴疝。风眩头痛。转胞闭塞。小便不通黄
赤。劳热。石淋五淋。泄利。奔豚抢心。妇人带下。月经不通。绝嗣不生。胞门闭塞。胎漏
下血。产后恶露不止。
石门（一名利机 一名精露 一名丹田 一名命门） 脐下二寸。三焦募也。铜人。灸二
七壮
分。留七呼。妇人禁针禁灸。犯之终身绝子。主伤寒小便不利。泄利不禁。小腹绞痛。阴囊
入小腹。贲豚抢心。腹痛坚硬。卒疝绕脐。气淋血淋。小便黄。呕吐血。不食谷。谷不化。
水肿。水气行皮肤。小腹皮敦敦然。气满。妇人因产恶露不止。结成块。崩中漏下。
气海（一名脖HT 一名下肓） 脐下一寸半宛宛中。男子生气之海。铜人。针八分。得
气即泻。
惫。真气不足。一切气疾久不瘥。肌体羸瘦。四肢力弱。贲豚七疝。小肠膀胱肾余 瘕结块
。状如覆杯。腹暴胀。按之不下。脐下冷气痛。中恶脱阳欲死。大便不通。小便赤。卒心痛
。妇人临经行房羸瘦。崩中。赤白带下。月事不调。产后恶露不止。绕脐 痛。闪着腰疼。
小儿遗尿。浦江郑义宗患滞下昏仆。目上视。溲注汗泄。脉大。此阴虚阳暴绝。得之病后酒
色。丹溪为灸气海渐苏。服人参膏数斤愈。
阴交（一名横户） 脐下一寸。当膀胱上口。三焦之募。任脉、少阴、冲脉之会。铜人。
针八
坚痛。下引阴中。不得小便。两丸骞。疝痛。阴汗湿痒。腰膝拘挛。脐下热。鬼击。鼻出
血。妇人血崩。月事不绝。带下。产后恶露不止。绕脐冷痛。绝子。阴痒。贲豚上 。小儿
陷囟。
神阙（一名气舍） 当脐中。素注。禁针。针之使人脐中恶疡溃。矢出者死不治。灸三壮
。铜
奶利不绝。脱肛。风痫。角弓反张。徐 中风不苏。桃源簿为灸脐中。百壮始苏。不起。再
灸百壮。
水分 下脘下一寸。脐上一寸。穴当小肠下口。至是而泌别清浊。水液入膀胱。渣滓入
大肠。
水尽即死。明堂。水病灸七七壮止四百壮。针五分。留三呼。资生云。不针为是。主水病。
腹坚肿如鼓。转筋不嗜食。肠胃虚胀。绕脐痛冲心。腰脊急强。肠鸣状如雷声。上冲心。鬼
击。鼻出血。小儿陷囟。
下脘 建里下一寸。脐上二寸。穴当胃下口。小肠上口。水谷于是入焉。足太阴、任脉
之会
。
胃。
建里 中脘下一寸。脐上三寸。铜人。针五分。留十呼。灸五壮。明堂。针一寸二分。
主腹胀。身肿。心痛。上气。肠中疼。呕逆。不嗜食。
中脘（一名太仓） 上脘下一寸。脐上四寸。居心蔽骨与脐之中。胃之募。手太阳、少
阳、足
分。留七呼。泻五吸。疾出针。灸二七壮止二百壮。明堂。日灸二七壮止四百壮。素注。针
一寸二分。灸七壮。主五膈。喘息不止。腹暴胀。中恶。脾疼。饮食不进。翻胃。赤白痢。
寒癖。气心疼。伏梁。心下如覆杯。心膨胀。面色痿黄。天行伤寒。热不已。温疟。先腹痛
先泻。霍乱。泄出不知。食饮不化。心痛。身寒。不可俯仰。气发噎。东垣曰。气在于肠胃
者。取之足太阴、阳明。不下。取三里、章门、中脘。又曰。胃虚而致太阴无所禀者。于足
阳明募穴中导引之。
上脘（一名胃脘） 巨阙下一寸。当一寸五分。去蔽骨三寸。脐上五寸。上脘、中脘属胃
络脾
愈。日灸二七壮至百壮。未愈倍之。明下。三壮。主腹中雷鸣相逐。食不化。腹 刺痛。霍
乱吐利。腹痛身热。汗不出。翻胃呕吐。食不下。腹胀气满。心忪惊悸。时呕血。痰多吐涎
。奔豚。伏梁。三虫。卒心痛。风痫。热病。马黄黄胆。积聚坚大如盘。虚劳吐血。五毒疰
不能食。
巨阙 鸠尾下一寸。心之募。铜人。针六分。留七呼。得气即泻。灸七壮止七七壮。主
上气
痛。先吐。霍乱不识人。惊悸。腹胀暴痛。恍惚不止。吐逆不食。伤寒烦心。喜呕发狂。少
气腹痛。黄胆。急疽。急疫。咳嗽。狐疝。小腹胀满。烦热。鬲中不利。五脏气相干。卒心
痛。尸厥。妊娠子上冲心。昏闷。刺巨阙。下针令人立苏不闷。次补合谷。泻三阴交。胎应
针而落。如子手掬心。生下手有针痕。顶母心向前。人中有针痕。向后。枕骨有针痕是验。
按十四经发挥云。凡人心下有膈膜。前齐鸠尾。后齐十一椎。周遭着脊。所以遮隔浊气
。不
坚握而不伸者。又有胞衣裹之。岂能破鬲掬心哉。心为一身之主。神明出焉。不容小有所犯
。岂有被冲掬而不死哉。盖以其上冲近心。故云尔。如胃脘痛。曰心痛之类是也。学人不可
以辞害意。
鸠尾（一名尾翳 一名 ） 蔽骨之端。在臆前蔽骨下五分。人无蔽骨者。从岐骨际下
行一
方可针。不然。针取气多。令人夭。针三分。留三呼。泻五吸。肥人倍之。明堂。灸三壮。
素注。不可刺灸。主息贲。热病。偏头痛引目外 。噫喘。喉鸣。胸满咳呕。喉痹咽肿。水
浆不下。癫痫狂走。不择言语。心中气闷。不喜闻人语。咳唾血。心惊悸。精神耗散。少年
房多。短气少气。又灵枢经云。膏之原。出于鸠尾。
中庭 膻中下一寸六分陷中。铜人。灸五壮。针三分。明堂。灸三壮。主胸胁支满。噎
塞。食饮不下。呕吐食出。小儿吐奶。
膻中（一名元儿） 玉堂下一寸六分。横量两乳间陷中。仰卧取之。主气。以分布阴阳。
故为
。铜人。禁针。针之令人夭。明堂。灸七壮止七七壮。气府论注。针三分。灸五壮。主上气
短气。咳逆。噎气鬲气。喉鸣喘嗽。不下食。胸中如塞。心胸痛。风痛。咳嗽。肺痈唾脓。
呕吐涎沫。妇人乳汁少。
玉堂（一名玉英） 紫宫下一寸六分陷中。铜人。灸五壮。针三分。主胸膺疼痛。心烦咳
逆。上气胸满不得息。喘急。呕吐寒痰。
紫宫 华盖下一寸六分陷中。仰而取之。铜人。灸五壮。针三分。明下。灸七壮。主胸
胁支满。胸膺骨痛。饮食不下。呕逆上气。烦心咳逆。吐血。唾如白胶。
华盖 璇玑下一寸陷中。仰而取之。铜人。针三分。灸五壮。明下。灸三壮。主喘急上
气。咳逆哮嗽。喉痹咽肿。水浆不下。胸皮痛。
璇玑 天突下一寸陷中。仰头取之。铜人。灸五壮。针三分。主胸胁支满痛。咳逆上气
。喉鸣喘不能言。喉痹咽痈。水浆不下。胃中有积。
天突（一名天瞿） 在颈结喉下四寸宛宛中。阴维、任脉之会。铜人。针五分。留三呼。
得气
针一分。素注。针一寸。留七呼。灸三壮。主面皮热。上气咳逆。气暴喘。咽肿咽冷。声破
。喉中生疮。喉猜猜。咯脓血。喑不能言。身寒热。颈肿。哮喘。喉中鸣。翕翕如水鸡声。
胸中气梗梗。侠舌缝青脉。舌下急。心与背相控而痛。五噎。黄胆。醋心。多唾。呕吐。瘿
瘤。许氏曰。此穴一针四效。凡下针后良久。先脾磨食。觉针动为一效。次针破病根。腹中
作声为二效。次觉流入膀胱为三效。然后觉气流行入腰后肾堂间为四效矣。
廉泉（一名舌本） 颈下结喉上四寸中央。仰面取之。阴维、任脉之会。素注。低针取之
。针
沫。舌下肿难言。舌根缩急不食。舌纵涎出。口疮。
承浆（一名悬浆） 唇棱下陷中。开口取之。大肠脉、胃脉、督脉、任脉之会。素注。针
二分
而出。日灸七壮。过七七停四五日后。灸七七壮。若一向灸。恐足阳明脉断。其病不愈。停
息复灸。令血脉通宣。其病立愈。主偏风。半身不遂。口眼 斜。面肿消渴。口齿疳蚀生疮
。暴喑不能言。难经曰。任之为病。其内苦结。男子为七疝。女子为瘕聚。
任脉，起始于中极穴下方，向上经过阴毛边缘，沿着腹部内部上行，经过关元穴，到达喉咙。它被称为“阴脉之海”。
“任”字意为“妊”（怀孕、孕育）。任脉行于腹部正中线，是女性生育的根本。它是奇经八脉之一。任脉与督脉同源而异流。
督脉涉及腹背和南北方向（子午线），既可以分开论述，也可以合而为一。分开来看，是为了显示阴阳互不混杂；合起来看，是为了体现浑然一体、无间无隙的状态。这是“一分为二，二合为一”的关系。
任脉起始于中极穴下方，即会阴穴部位。由此沿曲骨穴上行至阴毛际，到达中极穴，行于腹部内部，向上依次经过关元、石门、气海、阴交、神阙、水分、下脘、建里、中脘、上脘、巨阙、鸠尾、中庭、膻中、玉堂、紫宫、华盖、璇玑、天突、廉泉。然后上行至颐部，沿承浆穴环绕口唇上方，到达龈交穴后分道而行，联系两眼下方的中央，与会阴穴相接并终止。（注：原文此处描述略有歧义，通常认为任脉止于承浆或环唇，但依原文翻译）所谓“阴脉之海”，是因为人体的脉络周流于所有阴经区域，就像水流一样，而任脉则是它们的总汇。因此称为“阴脉之海”。
任脉在腹中行一条线，共有二十四个穴位。
**会阴**（又名屏翳）：位于两阴之间，是任脉、督脉、冲脉三条经脉的起始处。督脉从会阴行于背部，任脉从会阴行于腹部，冲脉……（原文此处文字错乱，似夹杂其他经文，按文意整理：冲脉起于气冲穴附近，若出现阴端寒冷、冲心窍、皮肉疼痛、肛门瘙痒、久痔相通、女子月经不通、阴门肿痛、突然昏死等症状，可针刺一寸深，用补法。若是溺水者，需让人将其倒背着出水，再针刺并用补法，待尿液和大便排出即可存活。其余情况不可针刺。）
**曲骨**：位于横骨上方，中极穴下一寸，阴毛边缘的凹陷处，动脉应手。这里是足厥阴肝经与任脉的交会穴。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：灸七壮至……（原文缺失，推测为壮数），主治腹胀满、小便淋沥不通、疝气、小腹痛、妇人赤白带下。
**中极**（又名玉泉、气原）：位于关元穴下一寸，脐下四寸。是膀胱的募穴，足三阴经与任脉的交会穴。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：主治气积聚，气时往上冲心，腹中热，脐下结块，奔豚气抢心，阴汗水肿，阳气虚衰疲惫，小便频数，遗精绝嗣，疝瘕，妇人产后恶露不行，胎衣不下，月经不调，血结成块，子门肿痛不正，小腹怕冷，阴部痒且热，阴痛，恍惚尸厥，饥饿但不能进食，经期行房事导致身体消瘦寒热往来，转脬导致无法排尿。妇人断经多年，针刺四次，即可受孕。
**关元**：位于脐下三寸。是小肠的募穴，足三阴经与任脉的交会穴。“下纪”指的就是关元穴。《素问》注解说：刺入一寸二分。妇女禁止针刺，如果针刺会导致流产，且胎儿多不能排出。若误针落胎，可针刺外昆仑穴促使胎儿立即排出。本穴主治积冷虚乏，脐下绞痛，逐渐侵入阴部，发作无定时，冷气结块痛，寒气入腹腹痛，遗精白浊，尿血暴疝，风眩头痛，转胞闭塞，小便不通黄赤，劳热，石淋及五淋，泄利，奔豚气抢心，妇人带下，月经不通，绝嗣不生，胞门闭塞，胎漏下血，产后恶露不止。
**石门**（又名利机、精露、丹田、命门）：位于脐下二寸。是三焦的募穴。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：灸十四壮，留针七呼。妇女禁止针刺和艾灸，触犯则终身不孕。主治伤寒小便不利，泄利不禁，小腹绞痛，阴囊缩入小腹，奔豚气抢心，腹痛坚硬，卒发疝气绕脐痛，气淋血淋，小便黄，呕吐血，不能进食，食物不消化，水肿，水气行于皮肤，小腹皮厚硬如鼓，气满。妇人因生产后恶露不止，结成块，崩中漏下。
**气海**（又名脖HT、下肓）：位于脐下一寸半的凹陷处。是男子生气的海洋。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：针刺八分，得气后即泻。主治疲乏，真气不足，各种气疾久治不愈，肌体消瘦，四肢无力，奔豚及七疝，小肠膀胱肾余邪结块，状如倒扣的杯子，腹部突然胀大，按压不消，脐下冷气痛，中恶脱阳欲死，大便不通，小便赤，突发心痛。妇人经期行房事导致消瘦，崩中，赤白带下，月经不调，产后恶露不止，绕脐痛，闪腰疼，小儿遗尿。浦江郑义宗患痢疾昏仆，目上视，小便失禁出汗，脉大，这是阴虚阳暴绝，因病后酒色所致。丹溪为他灸气海穴，逐渐苏醒，服用人参膏数斤后痊愈。
**阴交**（又名横户）：位于脐下一寸，正当膀胱上口。是三焦的募穴，任脉、少阴肾经、冲脉的交会穴。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：针刺八分……（原文缺失），主治……坚痛，向下牵引阴中，无法小便，睾丸上提，疝痛，阴汗湿痒，腰膝拘挛，脐下热，鬼击，鼻出血，妇人血崩，月经不绝，带下，产后恶露不止，绕脐冷痛，绝子，阴痒，奔豚气上行，小儿囟门凹陷。
**神阙**（又名气舍）：正当脐中。《素问》注解说：禁止针刺。针刺会导致脐中恶疮溃烂，若大便失禁则死亡，无法救治。灸三壮。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：……（原文缺失），主治奶利不绝，脱肛，风痫，角弓反张。徐氏中风不醒，桃源县簿为灸脐中，百壮后才苏醒，仍未起，再灸百壮。
**水分**：位于下脘下一寸，脐上一寸。穴位正当小肠下口，至此分别清浊。水液进入膀胱，渣滓进入大肠。若水液尽出则死。《明堂》记载：水病灸七七壮，最多四百壮。针刺五分，留针三呼。《资生经》说：不针刺为好。主治水病，腹部坚硬肿胀如鼓，转筋不想吃东西，肠胃虚胀，绕脐痛冲心，腰脊急强，肠鸣声如雷，上冲心，鬼击，鼻出血，小儿囟门凹陷。
**下脘**：位于建里下一寸，脐上二寸。穴位正当胃下口，小肠上口。水谷在此进入。是足太阴脾经与任脉的交会穴。
**建里**：位于中脘下一寸，脐上三寸。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：针刺五分，留针十呼，灸五壮。《明堂》记载：针刺一寸二分。主治腹胀，身肿，心痛，上气，肠中疼，呕逆，不想吃东西。
**中脘**（又名太仓）：位于上脘下一寸，脐上四寸。居于心蔽骨与脐的中点。是胃的募穴，手太阳小肠经、手少阳三焦经、足阳明胃经、任脉的交会穴。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：……（原文缺失，推测为深度），留七呼，泻五吸，疾出针，灸十四壮最多二百壮。《明堂》记载：每日灸十四壮最多四百壮。《素问》注解说：针刺一寸二分，灸七壮。主治五膈，喘息不止，腹部暴胀，中恶，脾疼，饮食不进，翻胃，赤白痢，寒癖，气心疼，伏梁，心下如覆杯，心膨胀，面色萎黄，天行伤寒，热不已，温疟，先腹痛后腹泻，霍乱，泄出不知，食饮不化，心痛，身寒，不可俯仰，气发噎。东垣说：气在肠胃者，取足太阴、阳明经穴；若不效，取三里、章门、中脘。又说：胃虚导致太阴无所禀受者，在足阳明募穴中导引之。
**上脘**（又名胃脘）：位于巨阙下一寸，当一寸五分，去蔽骨三寸，脐上五寸。上脘、中脘属胃络脾。……（原文缺失），治愈。每日灸十四壮至百壮，未愈加倍。《明堂》记载：三壮。主治腹中雷鸣相逐，食不化，腹刺痛，霍乱吐利，腹痛身热，汗不出，翻胃呕吐，食不下，腹胀气满，心忪惊悸，时呕血，痰多吐涎，奔豚，伏梁，三虫，突发心痛，风痫，热病，马黄黄疸，积聚坚大如盘，虚劳吐血，五毒疰不能食。
**巨阙**：位于鸠尾下一寸。是心的募穴。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：针刺六分，留七呼，得气即泻，灸七壮最多七七壮。主治上气，痛，先吐，霍乱不识人，惊悸，腹胀暴痛，恍惚不止，吐逆不食，伤寒烦心，喜呕发狂，少气腹痛，黄疸，急疽，急疫，咳嗽，狐疝，小腹胀满，烦热，膈中不利，五脏气相干，突发心痛，尸厥，妊娠子上冲心，昏闷。刺巨阙，下针使人立即苏醒不闷，随后补合谷，泻三阴交，胎儿应针而落。如胎儿手掬心，生下手有针痕，顶母心向前，人中穴有针痕，向后枕骨有针痕是验证。按《十四经发挥》说：凡人心下有膈膜，前齐鸠尾，后齐第十一椎，周遭附着脊柱，所以遮挡浊气，不让……（原文缺失），坚握而不伸者，又有胞衣包裹，岂能破膈掬心呢？心是一身之主，神明出于此，不容小有所犯，岂有被冲掬而不死呢？大概是因为上冲近心，所以说如此。如胃脘痛，称为心痛之类是也。学者不可因辞害意。
**鸠尾**（又名尾翳、名）：蔽骨的末端，在臆前蔽骨下五分。没有蔽骨的人，从岐骨际下行一寸方可针刺。否则，针刺取气过多，令人夭折。针刺三分，留三呼，泻五吸，肥人加倍。《明堂》记载：灸三壮。《素问》注解说：不可刺灸。主治息贲，热病，偏头痛引目外眦，噫喘，喉鸣，胸满咳呕，喉痹咽肿，水浆不下，癫痫狂走，不择言语，心中气闷，不喜闻人语，咳唾血，心惊悸，精神耗散，少年房事过多，短气少气。又《灵枢经》说：膏之原，出于鸠尾。
**中庭**：位于膻中下一寸六分的凹陷处。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：灸五壮，针三分。《明堂》记载：灸三壮。主治胸胁支满，噎塞，食饮不下，呕吐食出，小儿吐奶。
**膻中**（又名元儿）：位于玉堂下一寸六分，横量两乳间凹陷处。仰卧取之。主治气，以分布阴阳，故为……（原文缺失，应为气会）。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：禁止针刺，针刺令人夭折。《明堂》记载：灸七壮最多七七壮。《气府论》注解说：针三分，灸五壮。主治上气短气，咳逆，噎气鬲气，喉鸣喘嗽，不下食，胸中如塞，心胸痛，风痛，咳嗽，肺痈唾脓，呕吐涎沫，妇人乳汁少。
**玉堂**（又名玉英）：位于紫宫下一寸六分的凹陷处。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：灸五壮，针三分。主治胸膺疼痛，心烦咳逆，上气胸满不得息，喘急，呕吐寒痰。
**紫宫**：位于华盖下一寸六分的凹陷处。仰面取之。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：灸五壮，针三分。《明堂》记载：灸七壮。主治胸胁支满，胸膺骨痛，饮食不下，呕逆上气，烦心咳逆，吐血，唾如白胶。
**华盖**：位于璇玑下一寸的凹陷处。仰面取之。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：针三分，灸五壮。《明堂》记载：灸三壮。主治喘急上气，咳逆哮嗽，喉痹咽肿，水浆不下，胸皮痛。
**璇玑**：位于天突下一寸的凹陷处。仰头取之。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：灸五壮，针三分。主治胸胁支满痛，咳逆上气，喉鸣喘不能言，喉痹咽痈，水浆不下，胃中有积。
**天突**（又名天瞿）：在颈结喉下四寸的凹陷处。是阴维脉与任脉的交会穴。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载：针刺五分，留三呼，得气……（原文缺失），针一分。《素问》注解说：针刺一寸，留七呼，灸三壮。主治面皮热，上气咳逆，气暴喘，咽肿咽冷，声破，喉中生疮，喉咳咳，咯脓血，喑不能言，身寒热，颈肿，哮喘，喉中鸣，翕翕如水鸡声，胸中气梗梗，侠舌缝青脉，舌下急，心与背相控而痛，五噎，黄疸，醋心，多唾，呕吐，瘿瘤。许氏说：此穴一针四效。凡下针后良久，先脾磨食，觉针动为一效；次针破病根，腹中作声为二效；次觉流入膀胱为三效；然后觉气流行入腰后肾堂间为四效矣。
**廉泉**（又名舌本）：颈下结喉上四寸中央。仰面取之。是阴维脉与任脉的交会穴。《素问》注解说：低针取之。……（原文缺失），主治……沫，舌下肿难言，舌根缩急不食，舌纵涎出，口疮。
**承浆**（又名悬浆）：唇棱下凹陷处。开口取之。是大肠脉、胃脉、督脉、任脉的交会穴。《素问》注解说：针刺二分而出，日灸七壮，过七七停四五日后，灸七七壮。若一向灸，恐足阳明脉断，其病不愈，停息复灸，令血脉通宣，其病立愈。主治偏风，半身不遂，口眼歪斜，面肿消渴，口齿疳蚀生疮，暴喑不能言。《难经》说：任之为病，其内苦结，男子为七疝，女子为瘕聚。
Ren Mai (Conception Vessel)
The Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) originates below the Zhongji point (CV3), ascends to the pubic hair margin, follows the interior of the abdomen, passes through the Guanyuan point (CV4), and reaches the throat. It is referred to as the "Sea of Yin Meridians."
The character "Ren" implies "Ren" (pregnancy and gestation). The Ren Mai runs along the midline of the abdomen and serves as the root for female reproduction. It is one of the Eight Extraordinary Vessels. The Ren Mai and Du Mai (Governing Vessel) share a common origin but diverge into two branches.
The Du Mai involves the anterior-posterior axis (abdomen and back) and the north-south axis (Zi-Wu line); it can be discussed separately or in unity. Separately, it reveals that Yin and Yang do not mix; together, it demonstrates a seamless, holistic integration. This represents the relationship of "one divided into two, and two united as one."
The Ren Mai originates below the Zhongji point (CV3), at the Huiyin point (CV1). From there, it follows the Qugu point (CV2) upward to the pubic hair margin, reaching the Zhongji point (CV3), running within the abdominal interior, and ascending sequentially through the Guanyuan (CV4), Shimen (CV5), Qihai (CV6), Yinjiao (CV7), Shenque (CV8), Shuifen (CV9), Xiawan (CV10), Jianli (CV11), Zhongwan (CV12), Shangwan (CV13), Juque (CV14), Jiutui (CV15), Zhongting (CV16), Danzhong (CV17), Yutang (CV18), Zigong (CV19), Huagai (CV20), Xuanji (CV21), Tiantu (CV22), and Lianquan (CV23). It then ascends to the chin, follows the Chengjiang point (CV24), circles above the lips, reaches the Yinjiao point (DU28), where it divides, connecting to the center below the eyes, and terminates meeting the Yingqi point (ST1). The term "Sea of Yin Meridians" signifies that human meridians circulate through all Yin regions, much like water flows, with the Ren Mai serving as their general convergence. Hence, it is called the "Sea of Yin Meridians."
Running along a single line in the abdomen, the Ren Mai contains twenty-four acupoints.
**Huiyin (CV1)** (also known as Pingyi): Located between the anus and genitals. It is the origin of the Ren, Du, and Chong (Penetrating) vessels. The Du Mai travels from Huiyin along the back, the Ren Mai from Huiyin along the abdomen, and the Chong Mai... (Note: Original text here is garbled, seemingly mixing other texts. Based on context: ...originates near Qichong. If symptoms include coldness at the genital end, sensation rushing to the heart orifices, skin and flesh pain, anal itching, chronic hemorrhoids communicating internally, amenorrhea in women, swelling and pain of the vaginal opening, or sudden death, needle one cun deep using the tonification method. For drowning victims, hold them upside down to drain water out, then needle with tonification; survival is indicated by the discharge of urine and feces. Needling is contraindicated for other conditions.)
**Qugu (CV2)**: Located above the transverse bone, one cun below Zhongji (CV3), in the depression at the pubic hair margin, where arterial pulsation is palpable. It is the intersection of the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian and the Ren Mai. *Tongren* records: Moxibustion of seven to... (text missing, likely moxa cones), treating abdominal distension, dribbling dysuria, hernia, lower abdominal pain, and leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women.
**Zhongji (CV3)** (also known as Yuquan, Qiyuan): Located one cun below Guanyuan (CV4), four cun below the umbilicus. It is the Front-Mu point of the Bladder and the intersection of the Three Foot Yin Meridians and the Ren Mai. *Tongren* records: Treats qi accumulation, qi rushing up to the heart, heat in the abdomen, masses below the umbilicus, Barentan (rushing tumor) attacking the heart, genital sweating and edema, deficiency and exhaustion of Yang qi, frequent urination, seminal emission leading to infertility, hernia and masses, postpartum lochia retention, retained placenta, irregular menstruation, blood stasis forming masses, swelling and pain of the cervical os, aversion to cold in the lower abdomen, genital itching and heat, genital pain,恍惚 (trance-like state) or corpse rigidity, hunger without appetite, emaciation and alternating chills and fever after intercourse during menstruation, urinary retention due to bladder torsion. For women with amenorrhea for years, needling four times may restore fertility.
**Guanyuan (CV4)**: Located three cun below the umbilicus. It is the Front-Mu point of the Small Intestine and the intersection of the Three Foot Yin Meridians and the Ren Mai. "Xiaji" refers to Guanyuan. *Suwen* commentary states: Needle 1.2 cun. Contraindicated for pregnant women; needling may cause miscarriage, often resulting in fetal retention. If accidental needling causes miscarriage, needle Waikunlun (BL60) to expel the fetus immediately. Treats cold accumulation and deficiency, colic below the umbilicus radiating to the genitals, intermittent attacks of cold qi masses, abdominal pain from cold qi, seminal emission and turbid urine, hematuria and acute hernia, wind-induced vertigo and headache, urinary retention with yellow-red urine, labor fever, stone strangury and five types of strangury, diarrhea, Barentan attacking the heart, leukorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, blocked uterine gate, threatened abortion with bleeding, and prolonged postpartum lochia.
**Shimen (CV5)** (also known as Liji, Jinglu, Dantian, Mingmen): Located two cun below the umbilicus. It is the Front-Mu point of the Sanjiao (Triple Burner). *Tongren* records: Moxibustion of fourteen cones, retain needle for seven breaths. Contraindicated for needling and moxibustion in women; violation leads to lifelong infertility. Treats difficulty in urination from cold damage, uncontrollable diarrhea, severe lower abdominal cramping, retraction of the scrotum into the abdomen, Barentan attacking the heart, hard and painful abdomen, acute hernia encircling the umbilicus, Qi strangury and Blood strangury, yellow urine, vomiting blood, anorexia, indigestion, edema, subcutaneous water retention, firm and distended lower abdomen, abdominal fullness. Postpartum lochia retention forming masses, metrorrhagia and metrorrhagia.
**Qihai (CV6)** (also known as Bo [neck], Xiahuang): Located in the depression 1.5 cun below the umbilicus. It is the sea of vital energy for men. *Tongren* records: Needle 0.8 cun, disperse upon arrival of Deqi. Treats fatigue, deficiency of true qi, chronic qi disorders, emaciation, limb weakness, Barentan and seven types of hernia, residual pathogenic factors in the small intestine, bladder, and kidney forming masses resembling an inverted cup, sudden abdominal distension unrelieved by pressure, cold pain below the umbilicus, collapse of Yang qi from evil invasion approaching death, constipation, red urine, sudden heart pain. In women, emaciation, metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, irregular menstruation, prolonged postpartum lochia, periumbilical pain, lumbar sprain pain, and enuresis in children. Zheng Yizong of Pujiang suffered from dysentery with fainting, upward rolling of eyes, urinary incontinence, sweating, and a large pulse, indicating sudden collapse of Yang due to Yin deficiency caused by alcohol and sexual indulgence after illness. Danxi treated him with moxibustion on Qihai until he revived, followed by several jin of Ginseng Paste for recovery.
**Yinjiao (CV7)** (also known as Henghu): Located one cun below the umbilicus, at the upper opening of the bladder. It is the Front-Mu point of the Sanjiao and the intersection of the Ren Mai, Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, and Chong Mai. *Tongren* records: Needle 0.8 cun... (text missing), treating... hardness and pain radiating to the genitals, inability to urinate, testicular retraction, hernia pain, genital sweating and itching, stiffness of waist and knees, heat below the umbilicus, ghost strike, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, continuous menstruation, leukorrhea, prolonged postpartum lochia, cold pain around the umbilicus, infertility, genital itching, ascending Barentan, and sunken fontanelle in infants.
**Shenque (CV8)** (also known as Qishe): Located exactly at the umbilicus. *Suwen* commentary states: Contraindicated for needling. Needling causes malignant ulcers at the umbilicus; if stool leakage occurs, death is inevitable and untreatable. Moxibustion of three cones. *Tongren* records: ... (text missing), treating persistent nipple discharge, rectal prolapse, wind epilepsy, opisthotonos. Xu's case of stroke coma was treated by moxibusting the umbilicus with one hundred cones before revival; still weak, another hundred cones were applied.
**Shuifen (CV9)**: Located one cun below Xiawan (CV10) and one cun above the umbilicus. The point corresponds to the lower opening of the small intestine, where clear and turbid fluids are separated. Water enters the bladder, and residue enters the large intestine. If water is completely drained, death ensues. *Mingtang* records: For water diseases, moxibustion of forty-nine cones, up to four hundred cones. Needle 0.5 cun, retain for three breaths. *Zisheng* states: Avoid needling. Treats water diseases, abdominal hardness and drum-like swelling, muscle spasms with anorexia, gastrointestinal distension, periumbilical pain rushing to the heart, stiff and painful back, borborygmus sounding like thunder, ascending to the heart, ghost strike, epistaxis, and sunken fontanelle in infants.
**Xiawan (CV10)**: Located one cun below Jianli (CV11) and two cun above the umbilicus. The point corresponds to the lower opening of the stomach and upper opening of the small intestine, where food and drink enter. It is the intersection of the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian and the Ren Mai.
**Jianli (CV11)**: Located one cun below Zhongwan (CV12) and three cun above the umbilicus. *Tongren* records: Needle 0.5 cun, retain for ten breaths, moxibustion of five cones. *Mingtang* records: Needle 1.2 cun. Treats abdominal distension, body swelling, heart pain, rising qi, intestinal pain, regurgitation, and anorexia.
**Zhongwan (CV12)** (also known as Taicang): Located one cun below Shangwan (CV13) and four cun above the umbilicus. Situated midway between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus. It is the Front-Mu point of the Stomach and the intersection of the Hand Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian, Hand Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian, Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian, and Ren Mai. *Tongren* records: ... (text missing), retain for seven breaths, disperse over five inhalations, withdraw needle quickly, moxibustion of fourteen cones up to two hundred cones. *Mingtang* records: Daily moxibustion of fourteen cones up to four hundred cones. *Suwen* commentary states: Needle 1.2 cun, moxibustion of seven cones. Treats five types of diaphragmatic obstruction, incessant wheezing, sudden abdominal distension, collapse from evil invasion, spleen pain, anorexia, reverse flow vomiting, bloody and non-bloody dysentery, cold phlegm masses, qi-related heart pain, Fuliang (mass below heart), sensation of an inverted cup under the heart, chest distension, sallow complexion, epidemic cold damage with persistent heat, warm malaria with preceding abdominal pain and diarrhea, cholera, unconscious defecation, indigestion, heart pain, body coldness, inability to bend or extend, qi stagnation causing choking. Dongyuan stated: For qi in the stomach and intestines, select Foot Taiyin and Yangming points; if ineffective, select Zusanli (ST36), Zhangmen (LR13), and Zhongwan (CV12). Also stated: For stomach deficiency affecting Taiyin, guide qi from the Foot Yangming Mu point.
**Shangwan (CV13)** (also known as Weiwan): Located one cun below Juque (CV14), corresponding to 1.5 cun, three cun from the xiphoid process, and five cun above the umbilicus. Shangwan and Zhongwan connect the Stomach and Spleen. ... (text missing), cured. Daily moxibustion of fourteen cones up to one hundred cones; double if not cured. *Mingtang* records: Three cones. Treats borborygmus, indigestion, stabbing abdominal pain, cholera with vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain with fever and absence of sweat, reverse flow vomiting, anorexia, abdominal distension and fullness, palpitations, occasional hematemesis, excessive phlegm and saliva, Barentan, Fuliang, three types of parasites, sudden heart pain, wind epilepsy, febrile disease, Ma Huang jaundice, large firm masses, consumption with hematemesis, and five types of zhu pestilence causing anorexia.
**Juque (CV14)**: Located one cun below Jiutui (CV15). It is the Front-Mu point of the Heart. *Tongren* records: Needle 0.6 cun, retain for seven breaths, disperse upon Deqi, moxibustion of seven cones up to forty-nine cones. Treats rising qi, pain, preceding vomiting, cholera with loss of consciousness, palpitations, sudden abdominal distension and pain, incessant trance, retching and anorexia, restlessness from cold damage, frequent vomiting and mania, shortness of breath with abdominal pain, jaundice, acute abscess, epidemic disease, cough, fox hernia, lower abdominal fullness, irritability and heat, diaphragmatic obstruction, interference among the five Zang organs, sudden heart pain, corpse rigidity, pregnancy with uterus pressing on the heart, dizziness, and confusion. Needling Juque brings immediate relief. Subsequently tonify Hegu (LI4) and disperse Sanyinjiao (SP6) to induce abortion if necessary. Signs of successful abortion include fetal hand marks on the mother's heart area, forward-facing head leaving a mark on the Renzhong (GV26), and backward-facing occiput leaving a mark on the枕骨 (occipital bone). According to *Shisi Jing Fa Hui*, the diaphragm lies in front of Jiutui and behind the eleventh thoracic vertebra, attaching to the spine to block turbid qi. A fetus wrapped in membranes cannot break the diaphragm or grasp the heart. The Heart is the master of the body and the seat of spirit; it cannot tolerate minor offenses, let alone being grasped. The phrase "pressing on the heart" likely refers to proximity to the heart, such as in gastric pain termed "heart pain." Scholars should not let words obscure meaning.
**Jiutui (CV15)** (also known as Weiyi, name missing): At the tip of the xiphoid process, five fen below the xiphoid in the anterior chest. For individuals without a xiphoid process, measure one cun down from the bifurcation of the costal cartilages. Otherwise, excessive qi extraction may cause premature death. Needle 0.3 cun, retain for three breaths, disperse over five inhalations; double depth for obese persons. *Mingtang* records: Moxibustion of three cones. *Suwen* commentary states: Contraindicated for needling and moxibustion. Treats Xiben (lung mass), febrile disease, migraines radiating to the outer canthus, belching and wheezing, laryngeal rales, chest fullness with cough and vomiting, pharyngolaryngeal obstruction and swelling, inability to swallow liquids, epilepsy with wild running and incoherent speech, chest oppression, aversion to human voices, hemoptysis, palpitations, mental depletion, shortness of breath due to excessive sexual activity in youth. *Ling Shu* states: The source of Gao (fatty tissue) emerges from Jiutui.
**Zhongting (CV16)**: Located in the depression 1.6 cun below Danzhong (CV17). *Tongren* records: Moxibustion of five cones, needle 0.3 cun. *Mingtang* records: Moxibustion of three cones. Treats hypochondriac fullness, dysphagia, inability to eat or drink, regurgitation of food, and infant spitting up milk.
**Danzhong (CV17)** (also known as Yuan'er): Located 1.6 cun below Yutang (CV18), in the depression midway between the nipples. Take in supine position. Treats Qi, distributing Yin and Yang, thus serving as the... (text missing, likely Hui of Qi). *Tongren* records: Contraindicated for needling; causes premature death. *Mingtang* records: Moxibustion of seven cones up to forty-nine cones. *Qifu Lun* commentary states: Needle 0.3 cun, moxibustion of five cones. Treats rising qi and shortness of breath, cough and asthma, dyspnea and diaphragmatic qi, laryngeal rales, inability to eat, sensation of obstruction in the chest, chest and heart pain, wind pain, cough, lung abscess with purulent sputum, vomiting of saliva, and scanty lactation in women.
**Yutang (CV18)** (also known as Yuying): Located in the depression 1.6 cun below Zigong (CV19). *Tongren* records: Moxibustion of five cones, needle 0.3 cun. Treats chest wall pain, irritability with cough and rising qi, chest fullness and dyspnea, rapid breathing, vomiting of cold phlegm.
**Zigong (CV19)**: Located in the depression 1.6 cun below Huagai (CV20). Take in supine position. *Tongren* records: Moxibustion of five cones, needle 0.3 cun. *Mingtang* records: Moxibustion of seven cones. Treats hypochondriac fullness, chest wall bone pain, dysphagia, regurgitation and rising qi, irritability with cough and hematemesis, expectoration of white glue-like substance.
**Huagai (CV20)**: Located in the depression one cun below Xuanji (CV21). Take in supine position. *Tongren* records: Needle 0.3 cun, moxibustion of five cones. *Mingtang* records: Moxibustion of three cones. Treats rapid breathing and rising qi, cough and asthma, pharyngolaryngeal obstruction and swelling, inability to swallow liquids, chest skin pain.
**Xuanji (CV21)**: Located in the depression one cun below Tiantu (CV22). Extend the neck to locate. *Tongren* records: Moxibustion of five cones, needle 0.3 cun. Treats painful hypochondriac fullness, cough and rising qi, laryngeal rales with inability to speak, pharyngolaryngeal ulceration, inability to swallow liquids, and gastric accumulations.
**Tiantu (CV22)** (also known as Tianqu): Located in the depression four cun below the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple). It is the intersection of the Yin Linking Vessel (Yinwei Mai) and the Ren Mai. *Tongren* records: Needle 0.5 cun, retain for three breaths, upon Deqi... (text missing), needle 0.1 cun. *Suwen* commentary states: Needle one cun, retain for seven breaths, moxibustion of three cones. Treats facial skin heat, rising qi with cough, sudden asthma, swollen and cold throat, hoarseness, throat ulcers, rattling cough, expectoration of pus and blood, aphonia, alternating chills and fever, neck swelling, asthma with chicken-like wheezing, chest oppression, cyanosis of veins under the tongue, sublingual tension, heart and back pulling pain, five types of dysphagia, jaundice, acid regurgitation, hypersalivation, vomiting, and goiter. Xu stated: This point yields four effects upon needling. After some time, digestion improves (first effect); the root of the disease is broken, accompanied by abdominal sounds (second effect); sensation flows to the bladder (third effect); finally, qi circulates to the lower back and kidney region (fourth effect).
**Lianquan (CV23)** (also known as Sheben): Located centrally four cun above the thyroid cartilage on the neck. Take in supine position with face up. It is the intersection of the Yin Linking Vessel and the Ren Mai. *Suwen* commentary states: Needle low. ... (text missing), treating... saliva, difficulty speaking due to sublingual swelling, retraction and stiffness of the tongue base preventing eating, tongue deviation with drooling, oral ulcers.
**Chengjiang (CV24)** (also known as Xuanjiang): Located in the depression below the lower lip vermilion border. Open the mouth to locate. It is the intersection of the Large Intestine Meridian, Stomach Meridian, Du Mai, and Ren Mai. *Suwen* commentary states: Needle 0.2 cun and withdraw. Daily moxibustion of seven cones; after forty-nine sessions, pause for four to five days, then resume forty-nine sessions. Continuous moxibustion may sever the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian, preventing cure; pausing allows blood vessels to circulate freely, ensuring immediate recovery. Treats hemiplegia from wind, facial swelling, diabetes, dental caries and ulcers, sudden aphonia. *Nanjing* states: Disease of the Ren Mai involves internal knotting; in men, it manifests as seven types of hernia; in women, as masses and accumulations.