\r督脉\pj-j30.bmp\r
督脉者。起于下极之 。
下极之 。两阴之间。屏翳处也。屏翳两筋间为篡。篡内深处为下极。督脉之所始也。
并于脊里。上至风府。入脑上巅。循额至鼻柱。属阳脉之海也。
脊之为骨。凡二十一椎。通项骨三椎。共二十四椎。自屏翳而起。历长强穴。并脊里而
上行
大椎、哑门。至风府入脑。循脑户、强间、后顶上巅。至百会、前顶、囟会、上星、神庭。
循额至鼻柱。经素 、水沟、兑端。至龈交而终焉。云阳脉之海者。以人之脉络。周流于诸
阳之分。譬犹水也。而督脉则为之都纲。故曰阳脉之海。
行背中一行。凡二十七穴。
长强（一名气之阴 一名橛骨） 脊 骨端下三分。伏地取之乃得。足少阴、少阳结会
。督
二分。留七呼。明堂。灸五壮。主肠风下血。久痔 。腰脊痛。狂病。大小便难。头重。洞
泄。五淋。疳蚀下部慝。小儿囟陷。惊痫螈 。呕血。惊恐失精。瞻视不正。实则脊强。泻
之。虚则头重。补之。
腰俞（一名背解 一名髓孔 一名腰柱 一名腰户） 二十一椎节下间宛宛中。以挺身伏
地舒
壮。甲乙针二分。留七呼。灸七壮。忌房劳。举重强力。明堂。灸三壮。下经。灸五壮。素
注。针一分。又云二寸。主腰髋腰脊痛。不得俯仰。温疟汗不出。足清不仁。伤寒四肢热不
已。妇人月水闭。溺赤。宋、徐秋夫闻鬼斛斯泣腰痛。缚草作人。令根据之针腰俞、肩井。明
日一人谢云。蒙君救济。忽不见。
按秋夫疗鬼。事涉怪诞。然左氏记彭生、子产立伯有。理或有。姑录以博闻见。
阳关 十六椎节下间。坐取之。铜人。针五分。灸三壮。主膝外不可屈伸。风痹不仁。
筋挛不行。
命门（一名属累） 十四椎节下间。伏取之。铜人。针五分。灸二壮。主头痛如破。身热
如火
悬枢 十三椎下。伏取之。铜人。针三分。灸三壮。主腰脊强不得屈伸。积气上下行。
水谷不化。下痢。腹中留积。
脊中（一名神宗 一名脊俞） 十一椎节下间。俯取之。铜人。针五分。得气即泻。禁灸
。灸
肛。素问。刺中髓。为伛。行针宜慎之。
筋缩 九椎节下间。俯取之。铜人。针五分。灸三壮。明下。灸七壮。主癫疾狂走。脊
急强。目转反戴。上视目瞪。痫病多言。心痛。
至阳 七椎节下间。俯取之。铜人。针五分。灸三壮。明下。灸七壮。主腰脊痛。胃中
寒气
。少气难言。卒疰忤。攻心胸。
灵台 六椎节下间。俯取之。铜人缺治病。见素问。
按灵台一穴。诸书缺主治。资生经集铜人、千金、外台、明堂亦无考。惟曰见素问。考
之素
名治相混。而泯没欤。先儒谓心曰灵台。经谓心者君主之官。神明出焉。岂主病同手少阴神
门。而针刺浅深。艾壮多寡。同至阳、神道欤。或曰。手少阴神门主心矣。于督脉何与。而
六椎节下。又属之心。心之所出何多邪。曰。督为阳脉之都纲。犹五脏既有俞在背。而督又
处太阳之中。故太阳有肾俞。而督有命门。灵台为心无疑。如紫微垣有天皇大帝矣。心中星
又为帝星。大微垣又有帝座。天市垣又有帝星。盖心为一身之主。如帝王警跸所至。曰行在
所也。曰。论语示阙文。春夏存夏。吾子何僭妄若此。曰。安国以郭公为虢公。晦庵补格致
于大学。将以明经也。
神道 五椎节下间。俯取之。铜人。灸七七壮止百壮。明下。灸三壮。针五分。千金。
灸五
合。小儿风痫。
身柱 三椎节骨下间。俯取之。铜人。针五分。灸七七壮止百壮。明堂。灸五壮。下经
。三
三脉。风痫惊痫发狂。恶人与火。灸三椎、九椎。
陶道 大椎下间。俯取之。足太阳、督脉之会。铜人。灸五壮。针五分。主 疟寒热。洒淅
脊强。烦满汗不出。头重目瞑。螈 。恍惚不乐。
大椎 一椎上。陷者宛宛中。手足三阳。督脉之会。铜人。针五分。留三呼。泻五吸。
灸以
回顾。风劳食气。骨热。前板齿燥。仲景曰。太阳与少阳并病。颈项强痛。或眩冒。时如结
胸。心下痞硬者。当刺大椎第一间。
哑门（一名舌厌 一名舌横 一名喑门） 在项风府后一寸。入发际五分。项中央宛宛中
。仰
。泻五吸。泻尽更留针取之。禁灸。灸之令人哑。主舌急不语。重舌。诸阳热气盛。衄血不
止。寒热风哑。脊强反折。螈 癫疾。头痛风汗不出。
风府（一名舌本） 项后入发际一寸。大筋内宛宛中。疾言其肉立起。言休立下。足太阳
、督
分。主中风。舌缓不语。振寒汗出身重。恶寒头痛。项急不得回顾。偏风半身不遂。鼻衄。
咽喉肿痛。伤寒狂走欲自杀。目妄视。头中百病。马黄黄胆。仲景曰。太阳病。初服桂枝汤
。反烦不解。先刺风池、风府。岐伯曰。巨阳者。诸阳之属也。其脉连府。故为诸阳主气。
资生云。风府者。伤寒所自起。北人以毛裹之。（今之护风领）南人怯弱者。亦以帛护其项。
今护项乃云蔽垢腻。实存名亡矣。疟论曰。邪客于风府。循膂而下。卫气一日夜大会于风府
。明日日下一节。故其作晏。每至于风府。则腠理开。腠理开。则邪气入。邪气入。则病作
。以此日作稍益晏也。其出于风府。日下一节。二十五日下至 骨。二十六日入于脊内。故
日作益晏也。东垣曰。少阳头痛。治在风池、风府。
按风府禁灸矣。项疽发于脑之下。项之上。此正风府穴分也。东垣先用火攻之策。以大
炷艾如两核许者。攻之至百壮。岂疮家与诸病异治欤。
脑户（一名合颅） 枕骨上。强间后一寸半。足太阳、督脉之会。铜人。禁灸。灸之令人
哑。
目黄。面痛。头重肿痛。瘿瘤。
按脑户一穴。资生、明堂、素问所论深针妄灸。医家当知所戒矣。
强间（一名大羽） 后顶后一寸半。铜人。针二分。灸七壮。明堂。灸五壮。主头痛目眩
脑旋。烦心呕吐涎沫。项强。狂走不卧。
后顶（一名交冲） 百会后一寸半。枕骨上。铜人。灸五壮。针二分。明堂。针四分。素
注。
。头偏痛。
百会（一名三阳五会 一名巅上 一名天满） 前顶后一寸五分。顶中央旋毛中。可容豆
。直
二分
即泻。又素注刺四分。主头风中风。言语謇涩。口噤不开。偏风。半身不遂。心烦闷。惊悸
健忘。忘前失后。心神恍惚。无心力。 疟。脱肛。风痫。青风。心风。角弓反张。羊鸣。
多哭。语言不择。发时即死。吐沫。汗出而呕。饮酒面赤。脑重鼻塞。头痛目眩。食无味。
百病皆治。虢太子尸厥。扁鹊取三阳五会。有间太子苏。唐、高宗头痛。秦鸣鹤曰。宜刺百
会出血。武后曰。岂有至尊头上出血之理。已而刺之。微出血。立愈。
前顶 囟会后一寸半。骨间陷中。铜人。针一分。灸三壮止七七壮。素注。刺四分。主
头风目眩。面赤肿。水肿。小儿惊痫。螈 。肿痛。
囟会 上星后一寸陷中。铜人。灸二七壮至七七壮。初灸不痛。病去即痛。痛止灸。针
二分
分。主脑虚冷。或饮酒过多。脑疼如破。衄血。面赤暴肿。头皮肿。生白屑风。头眩。颜青
目眩。鼻塞不闻香臭。惊悸。目戴上。不识人。
上星（一名神堂） 神庭后。入发际一寸陷中。容豆。素问。针三分。留六呼。灸五壮。
铜人
鼻中息肉。鼻塞头痛。 疟振寒。热病汗不出。目眩。目睛痛。不能远视。口鼻出血不止。
神庭 直鼻上入发际五分。足太阳、督脉之会。素注。灸三壮。铜人。灸二七壮止七七
壮。
。不识人。头风目眩。鼻出清涕不止。目泪出。惊悸不得安寝。呕吐烦满。寒热头痛。喘渴
。张子和曰。目痛目肿目翳。针神庭、上星、囟会、前顶。翳者可使立退。肿者可使立消。
素 （一名面正） 鼻柱上端准头。外台。不宜灸。针一分。素注。三分。主鼻中息肉不
消。多涕生疮。鼻窒。喘息不利。鼻 。鼽衄。
水沟（一名人中） 鼻柱下。人中近鼻孔陷中。督脉、手足阳明之会。素注。针三分。留六呼
。灸三壮。铜人。针四分。留五呼。得气即泻。灸不及针。日灸三壮。明堂。日灸三壮至
二百壮。下经。灸五壮。主消渴。饮水无度。水气遍身肿。失笑无时。癫痫。语不识尊卑。
乍哭乍喜。中风口噤。牙关不开。面肿唇动。状如虫行。卒中恶。鬼击。喘渴。目不可视。
黄胆马黄。瘟疫。通身黄。口 。
兑端 唇上端。铜人。针二分。灸三壮。主癫疾吐沫。小便黄。舌干消渴。衄血不止。
唇吻强。齿龈痛。鼻塞痰涎。口噤鼓颔。
龈交 唇内齿上龈缝中。任、督、足阳明之会。铜人。针三分。灸三壮。主鼻中息肉。
蚀疮
寒暑温疫。二十九难曰。督之为病。脊强而厥。又曰。其受邪气。畜则肿热。砭射之也。
督脉
督脉，起始于下极。
下极，位于两阴之间，即屏翳所在之处。两筋之间的凹陷处称为篡（会阴），篡内深处即为下极，这是督脉的起点。
督脉沿脊柱内部上行，到达风府穴，进入脑部，上至头顶，沿着前额下行至鼻梁，归属于阳脉之海。
脊柱共有二十一节椎骨，加上颈项部的三节椎骨，共计二十四节椎骨。督脉从屏翳穴开始，经过长强穴，并行于脊柱内部向上运行，经过大椎、哑门穴，到达风府穴进入脑部，再循行脑户、强间、后顶，到达头顶百会穴，接着经过前顶、囟会、上星、神庭穴，沿着前额下行至鼻梁，经过素髎、水沟、兑端穴，最终止于龈交穴。之所以称其为“阳脉之海”，是因为人体的脉络周流于各阳经部位，如同水流一般，而督脉则是统领这些脉络的总纲，所以称为阳脉之海。
督脉在背部正中线一行，共有二十七个穴位。
长强穴（又名气之阴、橛骨）：位于尾骨端下方三分处。需伏地取穴方可准确定位。此穴为足少阴肾经与足少阳胆经的结会之处，也是督脉的一部分。针刺深度二分，留针七次呼吸的时间。《明堂经》记载可灸五壮。主治肠风下血、长期痔疮、腰脊疼痛、狂病、大小便困难、头重、洞泄（严重腹泻）、五淋、下部疳疮蚀烂、小儿囟门凹陷、惊痫抽搐、呕血、惊恐失精、视物不正等症。实证表现为脊背强直，应泻法；虚证表现为头重，应补法。
腰俞穴（又名背解、髓孔、腰柱、腰户）：位于第二十一椎节下方的凹陷中。需挺身伏地取穴。《甲乙经》记载针刺二分，留针七呼；《明堂经》记载灸七壮。禁忌房事劳累、举重及强力动作。《明堂经》记载灸三壮，《下经》记载灸五壮，《素问注》记载针一分，又有人说深二寸。主治腰髋及腰脊疼痛、不能俯仰、温疟无汗、足部清冷麻木、伤寒四肢热不退、妇女月经闭止、小便赤黄等症。宋代徐秋夫曾治疗一个自称鬼附身喊腰痛的人，用草扎成人形让患者靠着，针刺腰俞和肩井穴。第二天有人来道谢说蒙受救济，随即消失。
按语：徐秋夫治疗鬼怪之事，看似怪诞，但《左传》记载彭生、子产立伯有之事，道理或许存在，姑且记录下来以广见闻。
阳关穴：位于第十六椎节下方。坐位取穴。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》记载针刺五分，灸三壮。主治膝外侧不能屈伸、风痹麻木、筋挛不能行走。
命门穴（又名属累）：位于第十四椎节下方。伏位取穴。《铜人》记载针刺五分，灸二壮。主治头痛如裂、身体发热如火燎。
悬枢穴：位于第十三椎下方。伏位取穴。《铜人》记载针刺三分，灸三壮。主治腰脊强直不能屈伸、积气上下运行、水谷不化、腹泻、腹中积聚。
脊中穴（又名神宗、脊俞）：位于第十一椎节下方。俯卧位取穴。《铜人》记载针刺五分，得气后立即泻法，禁止艾灸。若误灸可能导致肛门病变。《素问》指出刺中脊髓会导致驼背，行针时应谨慎。
筋缩穴：位于第九椎节下方。俯卧位取穴。《铜人》记载针刺五分，灸三壮。《明堂经》记载灸七壮。主治癫疾狂走、脊背急强、眼球上翻戴眼、直视瞪眼、癫痫多言、心痛。
至阳穴：位于第七椎节下方。俯卧位取穴。《铜人》记载针刺五分，灸三壮。《明堂经》记载灸七壮。主治腰脊痛、胃中寒气、气短言语困难、卒然疰忤邪气攻冲心胸。
灵台穴：位于第六椎节下方。俯卧位取穴。《铜人》未载具体治病内容，见于《素问》。
按语：关于灵台一穴，各书缺乏主治记载，《资生经》汇集了《铜人》、《千金方》、《外台秘要》、《明堂经》的内容也无考证，只说见于《素问》。考虑到名称可能与治相混淆而湮没？先儒认为心称为灵台，《内经》说心是君主之官，神明由此发出。难道它主治病症同于手少阴心经的神门穴，且针刺深浅、艾壮多少与至阳、神道相同吗？或者说，手少阴神门主心，与督脉何干？为何六椎节下又属于心？心所关联的穴位为何如此之多？回答说：督脉是阳脉的总纲，就像五脏在背部都有俞穴，而督脉又处于太阳经之中，所以太阳经有肾俞，督脉有命门。灵台毫无疑问属于心。就像紫微垣有天皇大帝，心中的星又被称为帝星，大微垣又有帝座，天市垣又有帝星。因为心是一身之主，如同帝王出行时的行在所。有人说，《论语》示现阙文，春夏存夏，您为何如此僭妄？回答说：安国将郭公误作虢公，晦庵在《大学》中补充格致之论，都是为了阐明经典。
神道穴：位于第五椎节下方。俯卧位取穴。《铜人》记载灸七七壮为止，最多一百壮。《明堂经》记载灸三壮，针刺五分。《千金方》记载灸五壮。主治小儿风痫。
身柱穴：位于第三椎节骨下方。俯卧位取穴。《铜人》记载针刺五分，灸七七壮为止，最多一百壮。《明堂经》记载灸五壮。《下经》记载灸三壮。主治三脉（督脉、手足太阳、手足少阳等）风痫、惊痫发狂、恶人与火。灸第三椎、第九椎。
陶道穴：位于大椎穴下方。俯卧位取穴。为足太阳膀胱经与督脉的交会穴。《铜人》记载灸五壮，针刺五分。主治寒热疟疾、洒淅恶寒、脊背强直、烦闷汗不出、头重目眩、抽搐、恍惚不乐。
大椎穴：位于第一椎上方，凹陷处。为手足三阳经与督脉的交会穴。《铜人》记载针刺五分，留针三呼，泻法配合五次吸气。艾灸时需注意回顾动作。主治风劳、食气、骨蒸潮热、前板齿干燥。张仲景说：太阳病与少阳并病，出现颈项强痛，或眩晕冒昧，有时像结胸，心下痞硬者，应当针刺大椎第一间。
哑门穴（又名舌厌、舌横、喑门）：位于项部风府穴后方一寸，入发际五分，项中央凹陷处。仰头取穴。泻法配合五次吸气，泻尽后继续留针取效。禁止艾灸，灸之令人失音。主治舌急不语、重舌、诸阳热气盛、衄血不止、寒热风哑、脊强反折、抽搐、癫疾、头痛风汗不出。
风府穴（又名舌本）：位于项后入发际一寸，大筋内侧凹陷处。快速说话时肌肉会隆起，停止说话则肌肉回落。为足太阳膀胱经与督脉的交会穴。针刺五分。主治中风、舌缓不语、振寒出汗、身重、恶寒头痛、项急不能回顾、偏风半身不遂、鼻衄、咽喉肿痛、伤寒狂走欲自杀、目妄视、头中百病、马黄黄疸。张仲景说：太阳病，初服桂枝汤后，反而烦躁不解，应先刺风池、风府。岐伯说：巨阳（太阳经）是诸阳的归属，其脉连系风府，所以是诸阳的主气。《资生经》说：风府是伤寒发作的起始处。北方人用毛皮包裹颈部（现在的护风领），南方体弱者也用帛保护颈部。现在保护颈部只是掩盖污垢，徒有虚名罢了。《疟论》说：邪气客居于风府，沿膂脊下行，卫气一天一夜在风府大会。第二天日下一节，所以发病时间推迟。每次到了风府，腠理就开，腠理开则邪气入，邪气入则病发作，因此每天发病时间逐渐推迟。邪气出于风府，日下一节，二十五天下至骶骨，二十六日进入脊内，所以每天发病时间越来越晚。东垣说：少阳头痛，治疗取风池、风府。
按语：风府穴禁止艾灸。项疽发于脑后之下、项之上，这正是风府穴的部位。东垣先用火攻的策略，用大艾炷如两个核大小，攻灸至一百壮。难道是疮家与其他疾病治疗方法不同吗？
脑户穴（又名合颅）：位于枕骨上方，强间穴后一寸半。为足太阳膀胱经与督脉的交会穴。《铜人》记载禁止艾灸，灸之令人失音。主治目黄、面痛、头重肿痛、瘿瘤。
按语：关于脑户一穴，《资生经》、《明堂经》、《素问》论述了深针妄灸的危害，医家应当知晓戒慎。
强间穴（又名大羽）：位于后顶穴后一寸半。《铜人》记载针刺二分，灸七壮。《明堂经》记载灸五壮。主治头痛目眩、脑旋、烦心呕吐涎沫、项强、狂走不卧。
后顶穴（又名交冲）：位于百会穴后一寸半，枕骨上方。《铜人》记载灸五壮，针刺二分。《明堂经》记载针刺四分。《素问注》记载...（原文此处似有缺漏，依上下文推测为针刺深度或操作）。主治头偏痛。
百会穴（又名三阳五会、巅上、天满）：位于前顶穴后一寸五分，头顶中央旋毛中，可容纳豆粒大小。直刺二分...（原文此处似有缺漏，依下文推测为针刺操作）。立即泻法。又《素问注》刺四分。主治头风中风、言语謇涩、口噤不开、偏风、半身不遂、心烦闷、惊悸健忘、忘前失后、心神恍惚、无心力、疟疾、脱肛、风痫、青风、心风、角弓反张、羊鸣、多哭、语言不择、发时即死、吐沫、汗出而呕、饮酒面赤、脑重鼻塞、头痛目眩、食无味。百病皆治。虢太子患尸厥，扁鹊取三阳五会（百会），片刻后太子苏醒。唐高宗头痛，秦鸣鹤说宜刺百会出血，武则天说哪有至尊头上出血的道理，随后还是刺了，微出血，立刻痊愈。
前顶穴：位于囟会后一寸半，骨间凹陷中。《铜人》记载针刺一分，灸三壮至七七壮。《素问注》记载刺四分。主治头风目眩、面赤肿、水肿、小儿惊痫、抽搐、肿痛。
囟会穴：位于上星穴后一寸凹陷中。《铜人》记载灸二七壮至七七壮。初灸不痛，病去即痛，痛止停灸。针刺二分...（原文此处似有缺漏）。主治脑虚冷，或饮酒过多导致的脑疼如裂、衄血、面赤暴肿、头皮肿、生白屑风、头眩、颜青目眩、鼻塞不闻香臭、惊悸、目戴上、不识人。
上星穴（又名神堂）：位于神庭穴后，入发际一寸凹陷中，容豆。《素问》记载针三分，留六呼，灸五壮。《铜人》...（原文此处似有缺漏）。主治鼻中息肉、鼻塞头痛、疟疾振寒、热病汗不出、目眩、目睛痛、不能远视、口鼻出血不止。
神庭穴：直对鼻上，入发际五分。为足太阳膀胱经与督脉的交会穴。《素问注》记载灸三壮。《铜人》记载灸二七壮至七七壮。主治...（原文此处似有缺漏）、不识人、头风目眩、鼻出清涕不止、目泪出、惊悸不得安寝、呕吐烦满、寒热头痛、喘渴。张子和说：目痛目肿目翳，针刺神庭、上星、囟会、前顶，翳可使立即消退，肿可使立即消除。
素髎穴（一名面正）：位于鼻柱上端正中准头。《外台秘要》记载不宜灸。针刺一分。《素问注》记载三分。主治鼻中息肉不消、多涕生疮、鼻窒、喘息不利、鼻...（原文此处似有缺漏）、鼽衄。
水沟穴（一名人中）：位于鼻柱下，人中近鼻孔凹陷中。为督脉与手足阳明经的交会穴。《素问注》记载针三分，留六呼，灸三壮。《铜人》记载针四分，留五呼，得气即泻，灸不及针。每日灸三壮。《明堂经》记载每日灸三壮至二百壮。《下经》记载灸五壮。主治消渴、饮水无度、水气遍身肿、失笑无常、癫痫、语不识尊卑、乍哭乍喜、中风口噤、牙关不开、面肿唇动、状如虫行、卒中恶、鬼击、喘渴、目不可视、黄疸马黄、瘟疫、通身黄、口...（原文此处似有缺漏）。
兑端穴：位于唇上端。《铜人》记载针刺二分，灸三壮。主治癫疾吐沫、小便黄、舌干消渴、衄血不止、唇吻强、齿龈痛、鼻塞痰涎、口噤鼓颔。
龈交穴：位于唇内齿上龈缝中。为任脉、督脉、足阳明经的交会穴。《铜人》记载针刺三分，灸三壮。主治鼻中息肉、蚀疮...（原文此处似有缺漏）。
《难经·二十九难》说：督脉的病，表现为脊背强直和厥逆。又说：如果受到邪气侵袭，郁积则肿胀发热，可用砭石放血治疗。
The Du Meridian (Governor Vessel) originates from the lower extreme.
The "lower extreme" is located between the two yin organs, specifically at the site of Pingyi (Screening Shadow). The depression between the two tendons is called Cuan (Huiyin/Confluence), and the deep interior of Cuan is the lower extreme, which marks the starting point of the Du Meridian.
The meridian runs along the interior of the spine, ascends to the Fengfu (Wind Palace) acupoint, enters the brain, reaches the vertex, follows the forehead down to the nasal bridge, and belongs to the Sea of Yang Meridians.
The spine consists of twenty-one vertebral segments, plus three cervical vertebrae in the neck region, totaling twenty-four segments. Starting from Pingyi, it passes through the Changqiang (Long Strong) acupoint and ascends along the interior of the spine. It traverses Dazhui (Great Vertebra) and Yamen (Dark Gate), reaches Fengfu to enter the brain, then follows Naohu (Brain House), Jiangjian (Strong Intermittent), Houding (Posterior Vertex), to reach Baihui (Central Meeting) on the vertex. It continues through Qian Ding (Anterior Vertex), Xinhui (Fontanelle Confluence), Shangxing (Upper Star), Shenting (Spirit Court), follows the forehead down to the nasal bridge, passes through Suliao (White Liao), Shuigou (Water Ditch), Duanduan (End Point), and finally terminates at Yinjiao (Gum Intersection). It is called the "Sea of Yang Meridians" because human meridians circulate through all yang regions like water, while the Du Meridian serves as the general guideline for these vessels.
There are twenty-seven acupoints in a single line along the back of the Du Meridian.
Changqiang (GV1) (Also known as Qi Zhi Yin, Jue Gu): Located 0.5 cun below the tip of the coccyx. It should be located with the patient prone on the ground. It is the meeting point of the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, and part of the Du Meridian. Needle depth: 0.2 cun; retain needle for seven breaths. *Mingtang Jing* records moxibustion of five moxa cones. Indications: Intestinal wind bleeding, chronic hemorrhoids, lumbosacral pain, manic disorders, difficulty in urination and defecation, heavy head, severe diarrhea, five types of strangury,下部 gan sores (ulcers of the genital/anal area), infantile fontanelle depression, convulsive epilepsy, hematemesis, fright-induced loss of essence, abnormal vision. Excess syndrome presents as spinal rigidity; treat by reducing. Deficiency syndrome presents as heavy head; treat by tonifying.
Yaoshu (GV2) (Also known as Bei Jie, Sui Kong, Yao Zhu, Yao Hu): Located in the depression below the spinous process of the 21st thoracic vertebra. Locate with the patient standing upright and prone. *Jia Yi Jing* records needle depth 0.2 cun, retain for seven breaths; *Mingtang Jing* records moxibustion of seven cones. Taboos: Sexual fatigue, lifting heavy weights, and strenuous effort. *Mingtang Jing* records moxibustion of three cones; *Xia Jing* records five cones; *Suwen Zhu* records needle depth 0.1 cun, or another source says 2 cun. Indications: Pain in the loins, hips, and spine; inability to bend or extend; warm malaria with no sweat; cold and insensible feet; persistent heat in four limbs due to cold damage; amenorrhea in women; dark urine. Song Dynasty physician Xu Qiufu treated a person claiming to be possessed by a ghost complaining of waist pain by binding straw into a human shape for the patient to lean against, then needling Yaoshu and Jianjing. The next day, someone thanked him saying he had been relieved, but the person vanished.
Commentary: Although Xu Qiufu's treatment of ghosts seems bizarre, the *Zuo Zhuan* records events involving Peng Sheng and Zi Zhuang establishing Bo You, suggesting some underlying logic. Recorded here for broadening knowledge.
Yangguan (GV3): Located below the spinous process of the 16th thoracic vertebra. Locate in sitting position. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.5 cun, moxibustion three cones. Indications: Inability to flex and extend the lateral knee; wind-bi numbness; tendon spasms preventing walking.
Mingmen (GV4) (Also known as Shu Lei): Located below the spinous process of the 14th thoracic vertebra. Locate in prone position. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.5 cun, moxibustion two cones. Indications: Headache feeling like splitting; body heat like fire.
Xuan Shu (GV5): Located below the 13th thoracic vertebra. Locate in prone position. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.3 cun, moxibustion three cones. Indications: Spinal rigidity preventing flexion and extension; accumulation of qi moving up and down; failure to digest food and water; dysentery; abdominal masses.
Jizhong (GV6) (Also known as Shen Zong, Ji Shu): Located below the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra. Locate in prone position. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.5 cun; reduce immediately upon arrival of qi. Moxibustion is prohibited. Incorrect moxibustion may lead to anal pathology. *Suwen* states that piercing the spinal marrow causes kyphosis; exercise caution in needling.
Jinsuo (GV7): Located below the spinous process of the 9th thoracic vertebra. Locate in prone position. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.5 cun, moxibustion three cones. *Mingtang Jing* records moxibustion seven cones. Indications: Epilepsy with狂 running; spinal urgency and rigidity; eyes rolling upward (dai yan); staring fixedly; epilepsy with excessive talking; heart pain.
Zhiyang (GV9): Located below the spinous process of the 7th thoracic vertebra. Locate in prone position. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.5 cun, moxibustion three cones. *Mingtang Jing* records moxibustion seven cones. Indications: Lumbosacral pain; cold qi in the stomach; shortness of breath and difficulty speaking; sudden attack of zhuxie pathogenic factors attacking the chest and heart.
Lingtai (GV10): Located below the spinous process of the 6th thoracic vertebra. Locate in prone position. *Tongren* lacks specific disease indications, referring to *Suwen*.
Commentary: Regarding Lingtai, most texts lack indication records. *Zisheng Jing* compiled contents from *Tongren*, *Qianjin Fang*, *Waitai Miyao*, and *Mingtang Jing* without finding verification, only stating it appears in *Suwen*. Could the name have been confused with treatment phases and thus lost? Ancient scholars refer to the Heart as Lingtai. The *Neijing* states the Heart is the monarch official, from where spirit and intelligence emerge. Does it treat diseases similar to Shenmen (HT7) of the Hand Shaoyin Pericardium Meridian, with similar needle depth and moxa cone count as Zhiyang and Shendao? Or, since Shenmen (HT7) governs the Heart, what is its relation to the Du Meridian? Why does the 6th thoracic segment belong to the Heart? Why are there so many points associated with the Heart? The answer is: The Du Meridian is the general guide of yang meridians, just as the five zang organs have shu points on the back, and the Du Meridian resides within the Taiyang region. Thus, Taiyang has Shenshu (BL23), and Du has Mingmen (GV4). Lingtai undoubtedly belongs to the Heart. Just as Ziwei Yuan has the Heavenly Emperor, the star in the Heart is also called the Imperial Star, Dawei Yuan has the Imperial Seat, and Tianshi Yuan has the Imperial Star. Since the Heart is the master of the body, like the emperor's traveling residence. Some argue: *Analects* shows missing text, preserving summer in spring and summer, why are you so presumptuous? Reply: Anguo confused Guo Gong with Guo Gong; Huizhu supplemented the investigation of things in *Daxue* to clarify classics.
Shendao (GV11): Located below the spinous process of the 5th thoracic vertebra. Locate in prone position. *Tongren* records moxibustion from 49 cones up to 100 cones. *Mingtang Jing* records moxibustion three cones, needle depth 0.5 cun. *Qianjin Fang* records moxibustion five cones. Indications: Infantile wind epilepsy.
Shenzhu (GV12): Located below the bone of the 3rd thoracic vertebra. Locate in prone position. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.5 cun, moxibustion from 49 cones up to 100 cones. *Mingtang Jing* records moxibustion five cones. *Xia Jing* records moxibustion three cones. Indications: Wind epilepsy, convulsive epilepsy, manic disorder, aversion to people and fire. Moxibustion on the 3rd and 9th vertebrae.
Daodao (GV13): Located below Dazhui. Locate in prone position. Meeting point of the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian and Du Meridian. *Tongren* records moxibustion five cones, needle depth 0.5 cun. Indications: Cold-heat malaria; chills; spinal rigidity; fullness and irritability with no sweat; heavy head and dizziness; convulsions; mental confusion and unhappiness.
Dazhui (GV14): Located above the 1st thoracic vertebra, in the depression. Meeting point of the Three Yang Meridians of the Hand and Foot and the Du Meridian. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.5 cun; retain for three breaths; reduce method coordinated with five exhalations. When moxibusting, pay attention to looking back. Indications: Wind-lao, food stagnation qi, bone-steaming tidal fever, dryness of the anterior maxillary teeth. Zhang Zhongjing stated: In concurrent Taiyang and Shaoyang diseases presenting with stiff neck and pain, dizziness, or occasional chest binding-like sensation and epigastric hardness, one should needle the first space of Dazhui.
Yamen (GV15) (Also known as She Yan, She Heng, Yin Men): Located 1 cun posterior to Fengfu in the nape, 0.5 cun inside the hairline, in the central depression of the neck. Locate with head extended. Reduce method coordinated with five exhalations; after reducing, retain needle to obtain effect. Moxibustion is prohibited; moxibustion causes aphonia. Indications: Tongue stiffness and inability to speak; double tongue; excess heat of all yang meridians; persistent epistaxis; cold-heat wind aphonia; spinal rigidity and opisthotonos; convulsions; epilepsy; headache with wind and no sweat.
Fengfu (GV16) (Also known as She Ben): Located 1 cun inside the hairline at the back of the neck, in the depression within the large tendons. Muscles rise when speaking quickly and settle when silent. Meeting point of the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian and Du Meridian. Needle depth 0.5 cun. Indications: Wind-stroke; flaccid tongue and inability to speak; chills, sweating, heaviness; aversion to cold, headache, neck stiffness preventing looking back; hemiplegia; epistaxis; sore throat and swelling; manic running and suicidal tendency in cold damage; visual hallucinations; various head diseases; Ma Huang jaundice. Zhang Zhongjing stated: In Taiyang disease, if restlessness persists after taking Guizhi Tang initially, needle Fengchi and Fengfu first. Qibo stated: Juyang (Taiyang) belongs to all yang meridians; its vessel connects to Fengfu, thus governing the qi of all yang. *Zisheng Jing* states: Fengfu is where cold damage originates. Northerners wrap their necks with fur (modern wind collars); southerners with weak constitutions protect their necks with cloth. Modern neck protection merely hides dirt, retaining the name but losing the function. *Malaria Treatise* states: Pathogens lodge in Fengfu and descend along the spine. Wei Qi gathers at Fengfu once a day and night. The next day it descends one segment, hence the delayed onset. Each time it reaches Fengfu, pores open, allowing pathogens to enter, causing illness. Thus, daily onset delays progressively. After descending one segment daily for 25 days, it reaches the sacrum; on the 26th day, it enters the spine interior, further delaying onset. Dong Yuan stated: Shaoyang headaches are treated at Fengchi and Fengfu.
Commentary: Fengfu prohibits moxibustion. Neck carbuncles occur below the occiput and above the neck, precisely at Fengfu. Dong Yuan used fire therapy with large moxa cones (size of two nuts), burning up to 100 cones. Is this different treatment for carbuncles compared to other diseases?
Naohu (GV17) (Also known as He Lu): Located above the occipital bone, 1.5 cun posterior to Jiangjian. Meeting point of the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian and Du Meridian. *Tongren* prohibits moxibustion; moxibustion causes aphonia. Indications: Yellow eyes; facial pain; heavy and swollen head; goiter.
Commentary: Regarding Naohu, *Zisheng Jing*, *Mingtang Jing*, and *Suwen* discuss the dangers of deep needling and reckless moxibustion; physicians must take heed.
Jiangjian (GV18) (Also known as Da Yu): Located 1.5 cun posterior to Houding. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.2 cun, moxibustion seven cones. *Mingtang Jing* records moxibustion five cones. Indications: Headache and dizziness; vertigo; irritability, vomiting of saliva; neck stiffness; manic running and insomnia.
Houding (GV19) (Also known as Jiao Chong): Located 1.5 cun posterior to Baihui, above the occipital bone. *Tongren* records moxibustion five cones, needle depth 0.2 cun. *Mingtang Jing* records needle depth 0.4 cun. *Suwen Zhu*... (Text incomplete). Indications: Unilateral headache.
Baihui (GV20) (Also known as San Yang Wu Hui, Dian Shang, Tian Man): Located 1.5 cun posterior to Qianding, in the center of the vertex where hair whorls meet, space sufficient for a bean. Perpendicular needle... (Text incomplete) ...reduce immediately. *Suwen Zhu* records needle depth 0.4 cun. Indications: Wind-stroke of the head; slurred speech; locked jaw; hemiplegia; irritability; palpitations and amnesia; forgetting past and future; mental confusion; lack of vitality; malaria; rectal prolapse; wind epilepsy; green wind; heart wind; opisthotonos; bleating sounds; excessive crying; inappropriate speech; death upon onset; foaming at the mouth; vomiting after sweating; red face after drinking alcohol; heavy head and nasal congestion; headache and dizziness; loss of taste. Treats all diseases. Bian Que treated Crown Prince Guo's corpse-like coma by selecting San Yang Wu Hui (Baihui); the prince revived shortly after. Emperor Gaozong of Tang suffered headaches; Qin Minghe suggested needling Baihui to bleed. Empress Wu said, "How can the Supreme One bleed from the head?" Nevertheless, they needled it, slight bleeding occurred, and he recovered immediately.
Qianding (GV21): Located 1.5 cun posterior to Xinhui, in the bony depression. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.1 cun, moxibustion three cones up to 49 cones. *Suwen Zhu* records needle depth 0.4 cun. Indications: Head wind and dizziness; red and swollen face; edema; infantile convulsive epilepsy; convulsions; swelling and pain.
Xinhui (GV22): Located in the depression 1 cun posterior to Shangxing. *Tongren* records moxibustion from 14 cones up to 49 cones. Initial moxibustion is not painful; pain arises as the disease leaves; stop when pain ceases. Needle depth 0.2 cun... (Text incomplete). Indications: Cold deficiency of the brain; or headache like splitting due to excessive alcohol consumption; epistaxis; acute red and swollen face; scalp swelling; seborrheic dermatitis (white scale wind); dizziness; blue complexion and dizziness; nasal congestion with loss of smell/taste; palpitations; eyes rolling upward; inability to recognize people.
Shangxing (GV23) (Also known as Shen Tang): Posterior to Shenting, 1 cun inside the hairline in the depression, space for a bean. *Suwen* records needle depth 0.3 cun, retain six breaths, moxibustion five cones. *Tongren*... (Text incomplete). Indications: Nasal polyps; nasal congestion and headache; malaria with chills; heat disease with no sweat; dizziness; eye pain; inability to see far; persistent bleeding from nose and mouth.
Shenting (GV24): Directly above the nose, 0.5 cun inside the hairline. Meeting point of the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian and Du Meridian. *Suwen Zhu* records moxibustion three cones. *Tongren* records moxibustion from 14 cones up to 49 cones. Indications... (Text incomplete); inability to recognize people; head wind and dizziness; persistent clear nasal discharge; tearing; palpitations and insomnia; vomiting, fullness, and irritability; cold-heat headache; wheezing and thirst. Zhang Zihe stated: For eye pain, swelling, and nebula, needle Shenting, Shangxing, Xinhui, and Qianding; nebula can be cleared immediately, swelling eliminated immediately.
Suliao (GV25) (Also known as Mian Zheng): At the upper end of the nasal bridge, exactly at the tip of the nose. *Waitai Miyao* states moxibustion is not suitable. Needle depth 0.1 cun. *Suwen Zhu* records 0.3 cun. Indications: Persistent nasal polyps; excessive discharge and sores; nasal obstruction; difficult breathing; nasal... (Text incomplete); rhinorrhea and epistaxis.
Shuigou (GV26) (Also known as Ren Zhong): Below the nasal bridge, in the depression near the nostril in the philtrum. Meeting point of the Du Meridian and Hand/Foot Yangming Meridians. *Suwen Zhu* records needle depth 0.3 cun, retain six breaths, moxibustion three cones. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.4 cun, retain five breaths; reduce immediately upon arrival of qi; moxibustion is less effective than needling. Moxibustion three cones daily. *Mingtang Jing* records moxibustion three cones daily up to 200 cones. *Xia Jing* records moxibustion five cones. Indications: Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst) with uncontrolled drinking; generalized edema due to water qi; spontaneous laughter; epilepsy; speech lacking respect/hierarchy; alternating crying and laughing; wind-stroke with locked jaw; inability to open teeth/jaw; facial swelling and lip twitching; sensation like insects crawling; sudden collapse from evil qi; ghost strike; wheezing and thirst; inability to move eyes; jaundice/Ma Huang; plague; generalized yellowing; mouth... (Text incomplete).
Duanduan (GV27): At the upper end of the upper lip. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.2 cun, moxibustion three cones. Indications: Epilepsy with foaming; yellow urine; dry tongue and wasting-thirst; persistent epistaxis; stiffness of lips; gingival pain; nasal congestion with phlegm-saliva; locked jaw and jaw trembling.
Yinjiao (GV28): In the gum seam above the upper teeth inside the lip. Meeting point of the Ren Meridian, Du Meridian, and Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian. *Tongren* records needle depth 0.3 cun, moxibustion three cones. Indications: Nasal polyps; ulcerative sores... (Text incomplete).
*Nan Jing* Chapter 29 states: Diseases of the Du Meridian present as spinal rigidity and厥逆 (cold extremities/fainting). It also states: If affected by pathogenic factors, accumulation leads to swelling and heat, which should be treated with bi stone bloodletting.