肝所生病为狐疝(详见下)足阳明之筋病 疝腹筋急。( 音颓○即子和所谓血疝)黄脉之
至也。大而虚(脾受肝邪)积气在腹中有厥气名曰厥疝。女子同法(巢氏曰厥逆心痛饮食不下名厥
疝)厥阴所谓 疝。妇人。少腹肿也。( 同 阴病也)脾传之肾。病名疝瘕。少腹冤热而痛
出白(即筋疝)厥阴之阴盛。脉道不通为 癃疝(李士材曰。内有脓血小便不通)任脉为病。男
子内结七疝。女子带下瘕聚。督脉生病。从少腹上冲心而痛。不得前后为冲疝。
寒疝囊冷结硬如石。阴茎不举控睾丸痛。此坐卧湿地。寒月涉水冒雨。或劳碌热极。坐
卧砖石而得。宜温经散寒 水疝肾囊肿痛阴汗时出。或肿如水晶。或痒而搔出黄水。或小腹按之
作水声。此醉酒行房或过劳汗出。寒湿乘虚袭入下部而得宜利水除湿。有漏针去水者。人
多不得其法。筋疝阴茎肿胀。或溃或痛。或里急筋缩。或茎中痛。痛极则痒或挺纵不收。或
白物随溲而下。此房劳及邪术所致。宜清火解毒 血疝。状如黄瓜在小腹两旁横骨之端。俗
云便痈。此醉饱劳碌。使内。气血流入脬囊。结成痈脓。宜和血消瘀。气疝上连肾区。下及
阴囊。或因怒哭。则气郁而胀。胀罢则气散。宜散气疏肝。小儿有此俗名偏气。惟灸筑实穴
可消。狐疝状如仰瓦卧则入小腹。行立则出小腹入囊而胀痛与狐之昼出穴而溺。夜入穴而不
溺相类此脾气下陷。宜升阳降阴 疝。阴囊肿硬。如升。如斗不痛不痒。此地气卑湿所生
。宜导湿利水。一云 疝最大而坚冲气犯心即能杀人。(凡治 疝。非断房事浓味不效)女子
阴户突出。亦皆疝类。但不名疝而名瘕。乃热则不禁固也。宜以苦坚之。
七疝为病。若非劳役过度。即是远行涉水。热血得寒而凝滞于小肠膀胱之分。或湿乘虚
而流入于足厥阴之经宜驱逐本经之湿热稍安即加培养更慎酒色浓味为佳。
肝脏所引发的疾病包括狐疝（详见下文）。足阳明经的筋病表现为疝气及腹部筋脉拘急。（“颓”音同“颓”，即张子和所说的血疝）。黄脉之气到来时，脉象大而虚（这是脾脏受到肝邪侵犯的表现），积气停留在腹中，伴有逆乱之气，这种病称为厥疝。女子患病的机理与男子相同（巢元方说：厥逆心痛、饮食不下，称为厥疝）。厥阴经所描述的疝病，见于妇人，表现为少腹部肿胀。（“㿉”同“阴”，属厥阴经的病证）。若脾脏的病邪传变至肾脏，病名称为疝瘕，症状为少腹部冤屈郁结之热而疼痛，并排出白色分泌物（这即是筋疝）。厥阴经阴气过盛，导致脉道不通，形成癃疝（李士材说：体内有脓血，小便不通）。任脉发生病变，男子内部结聚成七种疝气，女子则出现带下病和瘕聚病。督脉生病，气从少腹部向上冲撞心脏并引起疼痛，大小便不通畅，这种病称为冲疝。
寒疝表现为阴囊寒冷结硬如石头，阴茎不能勃起，牵引睾丸疼痛。这是由于坐卧湿地，在寒冷月份涉水冒雨，或者劳累后极度发热，坐卧砖石而导致的。治疗宜温经散寒。水疝表现为肾囊肿痛，阴部出汗时常流出，或者肿胀像水晶一样透明，或者瘙痒搔抓后流出黄水，或者按压小腹时有水声。这是由于醉酒行房事或过度劳累出汗后，寒湿乘虚侵袭下部而得病。治疗宜利水除湿。有人通过针刺放掉积水的方法，但很多人不得其法。筋疝表现为阴茎肿胀，或者溃烂或者疼痛，或者里急后重筋脉收缩，或者尿道内疼痛，痛到极致则发痒，或者阴茎挺纵不收，或者有白色物质随小便排出。这是由于房劳过度及邪术所致。治疗宜清火解毒。血疝形状像黄瓜，位于小腹两侧横骨端头处，俗称便痈。这是由于醉饱后劳累，进行房事，气血流入膀胱囊袋，结成痈脓。治疗宜和血消瘀。气疝向上连及肾区，向下到达阴囊，可能因为愤怒或哭泣，导致气机郁滞而胀满，胀满消退后气机消散。治疗宜散气疏肝。小儿有此病，俗称偏气，只有灸筑宾穴可以消除。狐疝形状像仰放的瓦片，躺卧时疝块进入小腹，行走站立时疝块从小腹进入阴囊并产生胀痛，这与狐狸白天出洞排尿、夜晚入洞不排尿的情况相似。这是由于脾气下陷所致，治疗宜升阳降阴。㿉疝表现为阴囊肿硬，像升斗一样大，不痛不痒，这是由于地气卑湿所生。治疗宜导湿利水。另一种说法认为㿉疝最大且坚硬，若冲气犯心就能杀人。（凡治疗疝气，不断绝房事、不吃浓味食物是无效的）。女子阴户突出，也都属于疝类疾病，但不叫疝而叫瘕，这是因为热邪导致固摄不禁。治疗宜用苦味药坚阴。
七种疝气的发病，如果不是因为过度劳役，就是由于远行涉水，热血遇到寒邪而凝滞于小肠和膀胱的分野，或者湿气乘虚流入足厥阴肝经。应当驱逐本经的湿热，稍见缓解后即加用补养之法，并且更加谨慎对待酒色和浓味食物为佳。
The diseases generated by the Liver include Hu Shen (Fox Hernia) (see details below). The tendon disease of the Foot-Yangming Meridian manifests as hernia and acute tension of abdominal tendons. ("Tui" [颓] sounds like "tui", referring to what Zhang Zihe called Blood Hernia). When the pulse of the Yellow Vessel arrives, it is large and empty (indicating the Spleen is affected by Liver pathogenic factors); accumulated Qi in the abdomen with rebellious Qi is named Jue Shen (Rebellious Hernia). Women follow the same pattern (Chao Yuanfang stated: Rebellious reversal causing heart pain and inability to eat is named Jue Shen). The Yin-Jiao meridian describes hernia affecting women, manifesting as swelling in the lower abdomen. ("Yin" [㿉] is identical to "Yin" [阴], a disease of the Jueyin meridian). If the Spleen transmits disease to the Kidney, the condition is named Shan Jia (Hernia Mass), characterized by stifling heat and pain in the lower abdomen with discharge of white matter (this is Jin Shen/Tendon Hernia). Excess Yin in the Jueyin meridian causes obstruction of the vessel pathways, resulting in Long Shen (Stagnant Hernia) (Li Shicai stated: pus and blood inside the body with urinary retention). Disease of the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) involves internal formation of Seven Hernias in men, and leukorrhea and mass accumulation in women. Disease of the Du Mai (Governor Vessel) involves Qi rushing from the lower abdomen up to the heart causing pain, with inability to pass stool or urine, known as Chong Shen (Rushing Hernia).
Han Shen (Cold Hernia) presents with a cold, hard, stone-like scrotum, flaccid penis, and pain radiating to the testicles. This results from sitting or lying on damp ground, wading through water or exposing oneself to rain in cold months, or sitting/lying on bricks after extreme exertion and heat. Treatment should warm the meridians and dispel cold. Shui Shen (Water Hernia) presents with kidney sac swelling and pain, frequent sweating from the yin area, or swelling resembling crystal; itching with yellow fluid discharge upon scratching; or a splashing sound when pressing the lower abdomen. This arises from sexual intercourse after drunkenness or excessive labor-induced sweating, allowing cold-dampness to invade the lower body due to deficiency. Treatment should promote urination and drain dampness. Some use needle drainage to remove water, but many lack the correct method. Jin Shen (Tendon Hernia) presents with penile swelling, ulceration, or pain; tenesmus with tendon contraction; pain within the urethra; extreme pain leading to itching; persistent erection without flaccidity; or discharge of white matter with urine. This is caused by sexual exhaustion and evil arts. Treatment should clear fire and resolve toxicity. Xue Shen (Blood Hernia) resembles a cucumber, located at the ends of the transverse bones on both sides of the lower abdomen, commonly called Bian Yong (Urine Abscess). This results from drunkenness, fullness, labor, and sexual activity, causing Qi and Blood to flow into the bladder sac, forming an abscess with pus. Treatment should harmonize blood and resolve stasis. Qi Shen (Qi Hernia) extends upward to the kidney region and downward to the scrotum; it may become distended due to anger or crying (Qi stagnation), resolving when the Qi disperses. Treatment should dissipate Qi and soothe the Liver. Children with this condition are colloquially said to have Pian Qi (Lateral Hernia); only moxibustion at Zhushi (KI9) can eliminate it. Hu Shen (Fox Hernia) resembles an inverted tile; when lying down, the hernia retracts into the lower abdomen, but when walking or standing, it protrudes into the scrotum causing distension and pain. This is similar to a fox urinating when exiting its den during the day and not urinating when entering at night. This is due to sinking of Spleen Qi; treatment should raise Yang and descend Yin. Pi Shen (likely referring to a specific type, possibly related to dampness/heaviness) presents with a hard, scrotal swelling like a sheng or dou measure, painless and non-itchy, caused by low-lying damp earth qi. Treatment should guide out dampness and promote urination. Another view states Pi Shen is the largest and hardest; if Rushing Qi attacks the Heart, it can be fatal. (In treating any hernia, abstaining from sexual relations and rich flavors is essential for efficacy). Protrusion of the female vulva also belongs to hernia categories but is named Jia (Mass) rather than Shen, due to heat causing loss of containment. Treatment should use bitter substances to firm and secure.
The pathology of the Seven Hernias stems either from excessive labor or from traveling long distances and wading through water, where hot blood coagulates due to cold in the regions of the Small Intestine and Bladder, or dampness invades the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian due to deficiency. One should expel the damp-heat of this meridian; once slightly relieved, tonification should be added, and caution regarding alcohol, sexual activity, and rich foods is advisable.