《素问》天元纪大论曰∶天有五行，以御五位，以生寒暑燥湿风火，是为六气。当其位
则正
，过则淫。人有犯其邪者，皆能为目患。风则流泪赤肿，寒则血凝紫胀，暑则红赤昏花，湿
则沿烂成癣，燥则紧涩眵结，火则红肿壅痛。风宜散而寒宜温，暑宜清而湿宜利，燥宜润而
火宜凉。辨之既明，治亦易也。然其中有相挟而来者，盖风为百病之长，如挟寒挟暑挟湿挟
燥挟火之类，有相从而化者，如风邪化火，寒邪化火，湿邪化火，燥邪化火之类，风邪发于
前，火邪继于后，故凡人之病目者，皆以为风火也。然风火之症，最宜详辨，苟一见火症，
无论有风无风，多从散治，鲜不为害。风本阳邪，必有外感，方是真风。因风生热，风去火
自息，此宜散之风也。若无外感，只因内火上炎，热极生风，热去风自息，此不宜散之风也
。又有相杂而至者，以四时言之，冬月致病只三字，风寒火是也。春兼四字，风寒湿火是也
。夏兼五字，风寒暑湿火是也。秋只四字，风寒燥火是也。然其中有伏藏，有变化，亦不得
执一而治。奈何医者治目，初起红肿眵泪，不问何邪，概行表散散之不效，随用和解。解之
不去，随用清凉。凉之不效，继以补益。幸则引为己功，不幸则委之天命，恬不为怪，良可
叹也。余着此论，一一剖悉，使纷纭错杂之症，不至混淆。更以脏腑经络形色脉象参之，无
遁情矣。
《素问·天元纪大论》中说：天有五行，用来统御五个方位，从而产生寒、暑、燥、湿、风、火这六气。当六气处于其正常位置时就是正气，如果过度就会成为邪气（淫）。人如果受到这些邪气的侵犯，都会导致眼部疾病。风邪致病表现为流泪、眼睛红肿胀痛；寒邪致病表现为血液凝滞、眼球紫胀；暑邪致病表现为眼睛红赤、视物昏花；湿邪致病表现为眼睑糜烂、形成癣症；燥邪致病表现为眼睑紧绷干涩、眼屎结聚；火邪致病表现为红肿、壅塞疼痛。治疗上，风邪宜用发散法，寒邪宜用温散法；暑邪宜用清解法，湿邪宜用利湿法；燥邪宜用润燥法，火邪宜用凉泻法。辨明病因之后，治疗也就容易了。然而，病邪中常有相互夹杂而来的情况，因为风是百病之长，比如风邪挟带寒、暑、湿、燥、火等邪气；也有相互转化而形成的，比如风邪化火、寒邪化火、湿邪化火、燥邪化火等。风邪先发于前，火邪继起于后，所以凡是人们患的眼病，都认为是由风火引起的。然而风火病症，最需要详细辨别，如果一见火症，不管是否有风邪，大多采用发散法治疗，很少有不造成危害的。风本属阳邪，必须有外感因素，才是真风。因风而生热，风去则火自息，这是适宜用发散法治疗的“风”。如果没有外感，只是由于内火上炎，热极生风，热去则风自息，这是不适宜用发散法治疗的“风”。又有多种邪气混杂而至的情况，以四季而言，冬季致病只有三个字，即风、寒、火。春季兼有四字，即风、寒、湿、火。夏季兼有五字，即风、寒、暑、湿、火。秋季只有四字，即风、寒、燥、火。然而其中有伏藏之邪，有变化之理，也不能固执一端来治疗。无奈许多医生治疗眼病，初起出现红肿、眼屎多、流泪等症状时，不问是什么邪气，一概使用表散法。发散无效后，随即改用和解法。和解不去除病邪，随即改用清凉法。清凉无效后，继而使用补益法。侥幸治好了就引为自己的功劳，不幸治不好就推卸给天命，安然处之并不觉得奇怪，实在令人叹息。我撰写这篇论述，逐一剖析清楚，使纷繁错杂的病症不至于混淆。再结合脏腑、经络、形色、脉象进行参详，就没有什么隐情可以遁逃了。
The *Suwen* (Basic Questions), chapter "Tianyuanji Dalun" (Great Discussion on the Heavenly Origin), states: Heaven possesses the Five Phases, which govern the five directions and generate the Six Qi: Cold, Heat, Dryness, Dampness, Wind, and Fire. When these Qi are in their proper positions, they are correct; when excessive, they become pathogenic influences (Yin). If humans are invaded by these pathogens, they can all cause ocular diseases. Wind causes tearing, redness, and swelling; Cold causes blood coagulation and purplish distension; Summer-heat causes redness, darkness, and blurred vision; Dampness causes erosion and ulceration leading to tinea-like lesions; Dryness causes tightness, astringency, and accumulation of eye discharge; Fire causes redness, swelling, congestion, and pain. For treatment, Wind should be dispersed, and Cold should be warmed; Summer-heat should be cleared, and Dampness should be drained; Dryness should be moistened, and Fire should be cooled. Once the differentiation is clear, treatment becomes easy. However, pathogens often come mixed together. Since Wind is the leader of a hundred diseases, it may accompany Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, or Fire. There are also cases where pathogens transform into one another, such as Wind transforming into Fire, Cold transforming into Fire, Dampness transforming into Fire, and Dryness transforming into Fire. Wind pathogen arises first, followed by Fire pathogen; therefore, most ocular diseases are considered to be caused by Wind and Fire. Nevertheless, Wind-Fire syndromes require detailed differentiation. If one sees a Fire syndrome and treats it with dispersing methods regardless of whether Wind is present or not, harm is rarely avoided. Wind belongs to Yang pathogens and must involve external contraction to be true Wind. Heat generated by Wind subsides when the Wind dissipates; this type of Wind is suitable for dispersing. If there is no external contraction, but rather internal Fire flaming upward causing extreme heat to generate Wind, the Wind subsides when the Heat clears; this type of Wind is not suitable for dispersing. Furthermore, multiple pathogens may arrive mixed together. Speaking of the four seasons: Winter disease involves only three characters: Wind, Cold, and Fire. Spring involves four: Wind, Cold, Dampness, and Fire. Summer involves five: Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, and Fire. Autumn involves four: Wind, Cold, Dryness, and Fire. However, there are latent pathogens and transformations, so one cannot adhere rigidly to a single approach. Regrettably, many physicians, upon seeing initial symptoms of redness, swelling, discharge, and tearing, indiscriminately use exterior-dispersing methods regardless of the pathogen. When dispersing fails, they switch to harmonizing methods. When harmonizing fails, they switch to cooling methods. When cooling fails, they resort to tonification. If successful, they claim credit; if unsuccessful, they blame fate, acting calmly without shame, which is truly lamentable. I have written this treatise to analyze each case clearly, preventing confusion among complex and mixed syndromes. By correlating them with Zang-Fu organs, meridians, physical signs, and pulse images, no pathological truth will remain hidden.