举阳证《活人》云∶发躁，狂走妄言，面赤咽痛，身斑斑若锦文，或下利黄
赤为阳毒者，以其脉洪大而实，或滑或促，故用酸苦之药治之。
成无己云∶有汗出谵语，有下利谵语，有下血谵语，有热入血室谵语，有三阳合病而谵
语，
有过经不解而谵语，皆阳证也。惟有发汗过多，亡阳谵语者，不可下，柴胡桂枝汤主之。此
外感汗多亡阳谵语也。
海藏云∶有内感伤冷，语言错乱，世疑作谵语者，神不守舍也，止是阴证，此特脉虚而
不实耳！
《内经》云∶谵妄悲笑，皆属于热。《难经》谓∶面赤，喜笑，烦心，亦属于热。大抵
此等
证脉皆洪实，按之有力。若此等证脉按之无力，即阴气内充，阳气外游于皮肤之间，是无根之
火也。阳气及心火，入于皮肤之间，肺主皮毛，故有谵妄悲笑及面赤喜笑烦心之证。岂特是
哉！
所有胸背两手斑出者，有唾血丝者，有鼻中微衄者，不当作阳证，当作阴证治之。故《活人
》辨证，不取诸于他，而独取诸脉，无如此最为验也。其言可谓尽善矣，可谓尽美矣！
《本草》云∶干姜止唾血，硫黄治衄血。孙真人用桂心治唾血。
下血如豚肝者，饮冷太极，脾胃过寒，肺气又寒，心包凝泣，其毒浸渗入于胃中，亦注肠
下，
所以便血如豚肝，非若热极妄行下血而为鲜色也。此中气分而下行，故令人便血。若中气逆
而上行，故令人呕血吐血也。亦非若阳证上行而溢出鲜血也。大抵阴阳二证，上行者为呕为
吐为溢，顺行者为下为便为泻，其名虽异，其实则同。
《活人书》中提到：出现烦躁、狂乱奔跑、胡言乱语、面色红赤、咽喉疼痛、身上出现如锦绣般斑驳的皮疹，或者下利黄赤色粪便，属于阳毒证。这是因为脉象洪大且实，或者滑数或急促，所以使用酸苦性质的药物来治疗。
成无己说：有出汗后胡言乱语的，有下利后胡言乱语的，有下血后胡言乱语的，有热邪陷入血室导致胡言乱语的，有三阳合病导致胡言乱语的，有经过传变期限后病邪未解导致胡言乱语的，这些都属于阳证。只有因为发汗过多，导致亡阳而出现胡言乱语的，不可用攻下法，应当用柴胡桂枝汤主治。这是外感病中因汗出过多导致亡阳而出现的胡言乱语。
海藏（张元素）说：有内伤感受寒邪，导致语言错乱的，世人怀疑是胡言乱语，其实是神志不守舍，这仅仅是阴证，只是脉象虚而不实罢了！
《内经》说：胡言乱语、悲伤或嬉笑，都归属于热证。《难经》认为：面色红赤、喜欢嬉笑、心烦，也归属于热证。大体上这类证候的脉象都是洪大有力的，重按有力。如果这类证候的脉象重按无力，就是阴气在体内充盛，阳气浮越于皮肤之间，这是无根之火。阳气及心火浮游于皮肤之间，肺主皮毛，所以会出现胡言乱语、悲伤嬉笑以及面赤喜笑心烦的症状。难道仅仅是这样吗？
所有胸背及双手出现斑疹的，有唾液中带血丝的，有鼻中轻微出血的，不应当当作阳证，而应当当作阴证来治疗。所以《活人书》在辨证时，不参考其他方面，唯独重视脉象，没有比这更灵验的了。他的话可以说是非常完善美好啊！
《本草》记载：干姜可以止住唾血，硫黄可以治疗衄血。孙思邈使用桂心治疗唾血。
大便排出像猪肝颜色的血液，是因为饮用冷饮太过，导致脾胃过寒，肺气也寒，心包凝滞涩滞，其中的毒邪浸透渗入到胃中，同时也流入肠道向下，所以便血颜色像猪肝，不像热极妄行导致的下血那样呈现鲜红色。这是由于中焦之气下行，所以使人便血。如果中焦之气逆乱而上行，就会使人呕血吐血。这也不同于阳证上行而溢出的鲜血。大体上阴阳两种证候，向上走的表现为呕、吐、溢，顺向下的表现为下、便、泻，名称虽然不同，实质是一样的。
The *Huoren* (Book of Living People) states: Restlessness, manic running, delirious speech, red face, sore throat, mottled skin eruptions resembling brocade, or yellow-red diarrhea are classified as Yang Toxicity. This is because the pulse is surging and excess, or slippery or rapid; therefore, sour and bitter medicines are used for treatment.
Cheng Wuji stated: There is delirium following sweating, delirium following diarrhea, delirium following bloody stool, delirium due to heat entering the Blood Chamber, delirium due to concurrent disease of the Three Yang meridians, and delirium due to unresolved pathogen after passing through its designated period; all these are Yang syndromes. Only when excessive sweating leads to the loss of Yang Qi causing delirium should purgation be avoided; instead, Chaihu Guizhi Tang (Bupleurum and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) should be administered. This refers to delirium caused by the loss of Yang Qi due to excessive sweating in exogenous diseases.
Haizang (Zhang Yuansu) stated: Internal injury from cold pathogens can cause disordered speech. The world suspects this as delirium, but it is actually the spirit failing to reside in its abode; this is merely a Yin syndrome, characterized only by a deficient and non-excess pulse!
The *Neijing* (Classic of Internal Medicine) states: Delirium, madness, sorrow, and laughter all belong to Heat. The *Nanjing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) asserts: Red face, fondness for laughter, and vexation also belong to Heat. Generally, the pulses for such syndromes are surging and excess, with strength upon deep palpation. If the pulse for such syndromes lacks strength upon deep palpation, it indicates that Yin Qi is充盈 (abundant) internally, while Yang Qi floats externally between the skin and hair follicles; this is Fire without roots. When Yang Qi and Heart Fire float into the interstices of the skin, since the Lung governs the skin and hair, symptoms such as delirium, madness, sorrow, laughter, red face, fondness for laughter, and vexation occur. Is it merely so?
For cases involving eruptions on the chest, back, and both hands, blood-streaked saliva, or slight epistaxis, one should not treat them as Yang syndromes, but rather as Yin syndromes. Therefore, in the *Huoren*, differentiation does not rely on other factors but exclusively on the pulse; nothing is more effective than this. His words can be said to be perfectly complete and beautiful!
The *Bencao* (Materia Medica) records: Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) stops hemoptysis/sputum with blood; Liuhuang (Sulfur) treats epistaxis. Sun Simiao used Guixin (Cinnamon Bark) to treat sputum with blood.
Passing blood resembling pig liver occurs because excessive consumption of cold drinks causes extreme cold in the Spleen and Stomach, cold in the Lungs, and stagnation and coagulation in the Pericardium. The toxicity permeates and infiltrates into the Stomach and also flows downward into the Intestines. Thus, the blood passed resembles pig liver, unlike the bright red blood resulting from extreme Heat forcing blood to move recklessly. This involves the Middle Qi descending, leading to hematochezia. If the Middle Qi rebels and ascends, it leads to hematemesis or vomiting blood. This is also distinct from the bright red blood overflowing upward seen in Yang syndromes. Generally, for both Yin and Yang syndromes, upward movement manifests as vomiting, spitting, or overflowing, while downward movement manifests as defecation, bowel movements, or diarrhea. Although the names differ, the essence is the same.