黄帝问曰∶风之伤人也,或为寒热,或为热中,或为寒中,或为疠风,或为偏枯,或为风也,其病各异,
其名不同,或内至五脏六腑,不知其解,愿闻其说。岐伯对曰∶风气藏于皮肤之间,内不得通,外不得泄,
风者善行而数变,腠理开则洒然寒,闭则热而闷,其寒也则衰食饮,其热也则消肌肉,故使人 栗而不能食,
名曰寒热。风气与阳明入胃,循脉而上至目内 ,其人肥则风气不得外泄,则为热中而目黄;人瘦则外泄而寒,
则为寒中而泣出。风气与太阳俱入,行
诸脉俞,散于分肉之间,与卫气相干,其道不利,故使肌肉愤 而有疡,卫气有所凝而不行,故其肉有不仁
也。疠者,有荣气热 ,其气不清,故使其鼻柱坏而色败,皮肤疡溃,风寒客于脉而不去,名曰疠风,或
名曰寒热。以春甲乙伤于风者为肝风,以夏丙丁伤于风者为心风,以季夏戊己伤于邪者为脾风,以秋庚辛中于
邪者为肺风,以冬壬癸中于邪者为肾风。风中五脏六腑之俞,亦为脏腑之风,各入其门户所中,则为偏风。
风气循风府而上,则为脑风。风入系头,则为目风,眼寒。饮酒中风,则为漏风。入房汗出中
风,则为内风。新沐中风,则为首风。久风入中,则为肠风飧泄。外在腠理,则为泄风。故风者百病之长
也,至其变化乃为他病也,无常方,然致有风气也。帝曰∶五脏风之形状不同者何?愿闻其诊及其病能。岐
伯曰∶肺风之状,多汗恶风,色 然白,时咳短气,昼日则瘥,暮则甚,诊在眉上,其色白。心风之状,多汗
恶风,焦绝善怒吓,赤色,病甚则言不可快,诊在口,其色赤。肝风之状,多汗恶风,善悲,色微苍,嗌干善
怒,时憎女子,诊在目下,其色
青。脾风之状,多汗恶风,身体怠惰,四肢不欲动,色薄微黄,不嗜食,诊在鼻上,其色黄。肾风之状,多汗
恶风,面 然浮肿,脊痛不能正立,其色 ,隐曲不利,诊在肌上,其色黑。胃风之状,颈多汗恶风,食饮不
下,膈塞不通,腹善满,失衣则 胀,食寒则泄,诊形瘦而腹大。首风之状,头面多汗恶风,当先风
一日则病甚,头痛不可以出内,至其风日则病少愈。漏风之状,或多汗,常不可单衣,食则汗出,甚则身汗,
喘息恶风,衣常濡,口干善渴,不能劳事。泄风之状,多汗,汗出泄衣上,口中干,上渍,其风不能劳事,
身体尽痛则寒。帝曰∶善。
黄帝问道:风邪侵袭人体,有的表现为寒热证,有的表现为热中证,有的表现为寒中证,有的表现为疠风(麻风病),有的表现为偏枯(半身不遂),有的表现为头风,它们的病症各不相同,名称也不同,有的内侵至五脏六腑,我不明白其中的道理,希望听听您的解释。岐伯回答说:风邪潜伏在皮肤之间,向内不能通达,向外不能宣泄。风性善于游走且变化多端,腠理(皮肤纹理及汗孔)开泄时则感到洒淅恶寒,腠理闭塞时则发热且胸闷。其表现为寒证时,食欲减退;其表现为热证时,肌肉消瘦,因此使人战栗而不能进食,这种病称为寒热。
风邪随阳明经入胃,沿经脉上行至目内眦。如果其人形体肥胖,风邪不得外泄,则形成热中证,出现目黄症状;如果其人形体消瘦,风邪随汗外泄而致寒,则形成寒中证,出现流泪症状。
风邪与太阳经一同侵入,行于各经脉的腧穴,散布于分肉之间,与卫气相互搏结,导致运行通道不利,因此使肌肉肿胀并生疮疡;卫气凝滞而不行,所以肌肉出现麻木不仁的现象。所谓疠风,是由于营气有热,气血不清,导致鼻梁塌陷、面色败坏、皮肤溃疡溃烂。风寒之邪客居脉中不去,称为疠风,有时也称为寒热。
在春季甲乙日受风邪伤害的,称为肝风;在夏季丙丁日受风邪伤害的,称为心风;在长夏戊己日受邪气伤害的,称为脾风;在秋季庚辛日受邪气伤害的,称为肺风;在冬季壬癸日受邪气伤害的,称为肾风。风邪侵入五脏六腑的腧穴,也会形成脏腑之风,风邪各自从门户侵入,则形成偏风。
风邪循风府穴上行,则形成脑风。风邪侵入头部系连眼球之脉络,则形成目风,伴有眼寒症状。饮酒后中风,则形成漏风。房事后出汗又受风邪,则形成内风。刚洗头后受风,则形成首风。久风入里,则形成肠风飧泄(大便中含有未消化食物)。风邪停留在体表腠理,则形成泄风。所以说,风是百病的先导,至于它变化成为其他疾病,没有固定的规律,但都是由风邪引起的。
黄帝说:五脏受风的形态为什么不同?希望听听它的诊断方法及病变情况。岐伯说:肺风的症状,是多汗、怕风,面色苍白,时常咳嗽、气短,白天病情减轻,傍晚加重,诊察部位在眉毛上方,其色白。心风的症状,是多汗、怕风,口舌焦燥、易怒惊恐,面色赤红,病情严重时言语不利,诊察部位在口唇,其色赤。肝风的症状,是多汗、怕风,容易悲伤,面色微青,咽喉干燥、易怒,有时厌恶女性,诊察部位在眼下,其色青。脾风的症状,是多汗、怕风,身体倦怠懒惰,四肢不想活动,面色淡黄,食欲不振,诊察部位在鼻头,其色黄。肾风的症状,是多汗、怕风,面部浮肿,脊痛不能直立,面色暗黑,小便困难,诊察部位在肌肤,其色黑。胃风的症状,是颈部多汗、怕风,饮食难下,胸膈阻塞不通,腹部常感胀满,穿衣少则腹胀,吃冷食则腹泻,诊察形体消瘦而腹部膨大。首风的症状,是头面多汗、怕风,通常在起风前一天病情加重,头痛剧烈无法出门或进入室内,到了起风的日子病情稍有好转。漏风的症状,是多汗,经常不能穿单衣,吃饭时出汗,严重时全身出汗,气喘怕风,衣服常常湿透,口干善渴,不能从事劳累的工作。泄风的症状,是多汗,汗水渗出浸湿衣服,口中干燥,肩背皮肤湿润,风邪使其不能从事劳累工作,身体疼痛且伴有寒冷感。黄帝说:讲得好。
Huangdi asked, "When wind pathogen invades the human body, it may manifest as cold-heat syndrome (Han Re), heat-in-the-middle syndrome (Re Zhong), cold-in-the-middle syndrome (Han Zhong), leprosy (Li Feng), hemiplegia (Pian Ku), or headwind (Feng). The diseases vary, and their names differ. Some penetrate internally to the five zang organs and six fu organs. I do not understand the explanation; I wish to hear your theory."
Qibo replied, "Wind pathogen lodges between the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It cannot communicate internally nor be excreted externally. Wind is characterized by its mobility and frequent changes. When the interstices (Cou Li) are open, one feels chilly and cold; when they are closed, one experiences fever and chest stuffiness. In the cold manifestation, appetite declines; in the heat manifestation, muscles waste away. Thus, the person shivers and cannot eat. This condition is named Cold-Heat Syndrome (Han Re).
If wind pathogen enters the stomach along the Yangming channel, traveling up the meridian to the inner canthus of the eye: if the person is obese, the wind pathogen cannot be excreted externally, leading to Heat-in-the-Middle Syndrome (Re Zhong) with yellowing of the eyes; if the person is thin, the wind pathogen escapes externally causing cold, leading to Cold-in-the-Middle Syndrome (Han Zhong) with tearing.
If wind pathogen enters together with the Taiyang channel, circulating through the acupoints of various meridians and dispersing between the muscle intervals, it interferes with Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). Due to obstructed pathways, the muscles become swollen and develop sores. If Wei Qi coagulates and fails to circulate, the flesh becomes insensible (Ren). Leprosy (Li Feng) occurs when Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) is hot and the qi is turbid, causing collapse of the nasal bridge, deterioration of complexion, and ulceration of the skin. When wind-cold lodges in the vessels and does not depart, it is called Leprosy (Li Feng), also sometimes referred to as Cold-Heat Syndrome (Han Re).
Wind injury occurring on Jia/Yi days in spring affects the Liver Wind (Gan Feng); on Bing/Ding days in summer, it affects Heart Wind (Xin Feng); on Wu/Ji days in late summer, it affects Spleen Wind (Pi Feng); on Geng/Xin days in autumn, it affects Lung Wind (Fei Feng); on Ren/Gui days in winter, it affects Kidney Wind (Shen Feng). Wind entering the acupoints of the five zang and six fu organs creates organ-specific winds. Entering through their respective gates results in Partial Wind (Pian Feng).
Wind ascending via the Fengfu point (DU16) causes Brain Wind (Nao Feng). Wind entering the head's connecting vessels causes Eye Wind (Mu Feng) with coldness in the eyes. Wind after drinking alcohol causes Dripping Wind (Lou Feng). Wind during sweating after sexual intercourse causes Internal Wind (Nei Feng). Wind after a new hair wash causes Head Wind (Shou Feng). Long-standing wind penetrating inward causes Intestinal Wind (Chang Feng) with undigested stool (Sun Xie). Wind remaining at the surface interstices causes Leaking Wind (Xie Feng). Therefore, wind is the chief of all diseases. Its transformations lead to other illnesses without fixed patterns, yet always originating from wind pathogen.
The Emperor said, 'Why do the manifestations of wind affecting the five zang organs differ? I wish to hear about their diagnosis and pathological conditions.'
Qibo said, 'Lung Wind (Fei Feng) presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, pale complexion, occasional cough, and shortness of breath. Symptoms improve during the day and worsen in the evening. Diagnosis is observed above the eyebrows, where the color is white.
Heart Wind (Xin Feng) presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, dry mouth/throat, irritability, and fearfulness. The complexion is red. Severe cases involve slurred speech. Diagnosis is observed at the mouth, where the color is red.
Liver Wind (Gan Feng) presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, sadness, slightly blue-green complexion, dry throat, irritability, and occasional aversion to women. Diagnosis is observed below the eyes, where the color is green.
Spleen Wind (Pi Feng) presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, lethargy, desire to remain inactive, pale yellow complexion, and poor appetite. Diagnosis is observed at the tip of the nose, where the color is yellow.
Kidney Wind (Shen Feng) presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, facial edema, back pain preventing upright standing, dark complexion, and difficulty with urination. Diagnosis is observed in the skin/muscle, where the color is black.
Stomach Wind (Wei Feng) presents with excessive sweating at the neck, aversion to wind, dysphagia, chest obstruction, abdominal fullness, bloating when underdressed, and diarrhea after eating cold food. The patient appears emaciated but has a distended abdomen.
Head Wind (Shou Feng) presents with excessive sweating on the head and face, aversion to wind. Symptoms worsen one day before the wind arrives, with severe headache preventing going out or coming in. Symptoms improve slightly on the day the wind blows.
Dripping Wind (Lou Feng) presents with excessive sweating, inability to wear single layers, sweating while eating, severe whole-body sweating, panting, aversion to wind, wet clothes, dry mouth with thirst, and inability to perform labor.
Leaking Wind (Xie Feng) presents with excessive sweating that soaks clothes, dry mouth, dampness on the upper back, inability to perform labor, body-wide pain, and feeling cold.'
The Emperor said, 'Excellent.'"