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The tip of the nose and the area between it and the philtrum (Nianshou) showing a slight yellow color is the normal complexion. If this area is flat and depressed, it indicates a critical condition that is difficult to cure. If black suddenly appears, it points to dysentery; if accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea resembling cholera, or if the complexion is deeply yellow, these are pathological signs.

The nasal tip (Bizhun) showing a mild mix of yellow, red, and white colors is normal. Deep yellow, dryness, or blackness indicate a poor prognosis with difficulty in survival. A short philtrum accompanied by vomiting due to dysentery, along with cyanotic-black facial features and signs of convulsions, suggests a fatal outcome.

Lips that are constantly red are considered normal (Ping). Dryness and chapping indicate spleen heat and accumulation generating yellow tones. Whiteness indicates blood loss; blackness surrounding the mouth suggests impending danger from roundworms. If the lips turn everted and black, the condition of roundworm infestation becomes critical.

Cyanosis at Chengjiang (Chengjiang, CV24) indicates fright during eating. Yellow here suggests vomiting, regurgitation, or bloody dysentery. Irritability and night crying with a cyanotic complexion are auspicious. Redness around the eyebrows in chronic illness is a true sign of death.

Cyanosis of the sclera (white part of the eye) indicates liver wind stirring internally. Yellowing of the sclera indicates accumulation requiring purgation. If yellowish hues appear on the cornea/pupil area, this is the root of shaoyang/taiyang cold damage syndromes.

Yellowing in the "two pools" behind the ears (Fengchi region) indicates vomiting and regurgitation. Restlessness, crying, and bright red coloration indicate internal heat. Redness resembling an embryo shape on both cheeks (Yi) indicates pathogenic heat in the lungs, which is not empty talk.

Cyanosis at the Taiyang point (lateral canthus) indicates the onset of fright-convulsion. Redness indicates the budding of hematuria or strangury. To know how a fatal condition arises: if cyanosis spreads from here into the ear, it signals death.

Yellow on both cheeks indicates phlegm-stuffiness obstructing the throat. Cyanosis indicates external shock (Ke Wu), while redness indicates wind-heat. In cold damage, redness indicates strangury. These two color changes must be carefully distinguished on the cheeks.

Vomiting roundworms with cyanosis, or yellow saliva pooling at the corners of the mouth (Zhiyi), can be identified by observing the Yi area alone. Blackness at the Fengmen area indicates hernia; cyanosis indicates fright-edema; blue palm lines indicate Jin Kui (severe convulsive disorders) and mania.

Generally, when examining pediatric diseases, one first observes the form and color, then palpates the pulse. Facial qi manifests comprehensively here: cyanosis in the five zones indicates unsettled fright and accumulation, predisposing to wind-convulsions; redness indicates excessive phlegm-accumulation, causing palpitations and restlessness; yellowness indicates food-damage leading to malnutrition (Gan) and masses; whiteness indicates deficient lung qi, leading to slippery discharge, vomiting, and dysentery; blackness indicates the exhaustion of zang-fu qi, representing a critical and malignant disease state. Cyanous face and eyes indicate liver disease; red face indicates heart disease; pale face indicates lung disease; yellow face indicates spleen disease; black face indicates kidney disease. First, differentiate the five zang organs, each having its specific domain. Secondly, assess constitutional strength or weakness, fetal qi deficiency or excess, yin and yang syndromes, and errors such as over-tonification or over-purging, correcting these deviations. Consider the correspondence between the five zang and six fu organs, and interior and exterior levels. If one can distinguish the root and branch, medical skill reaches the level of divine, sacred, skilled, and adept mastery.