脉∶咽喉之脉，两寸洪溢；上盛下虚，脉忌微伏。
咽喉肿痛者，或喉痛生疮者，或咽痛闭塞者，或红肿结核胀痛者，或喉闭塞不能言语者，俱是风热痰火，
皆用清凉散加减。或喉闭急症，急刺少商穴，在大指甲外侧，用三棱
针放出毒血，并豁吐痰涎为要。若迟缓不救即死，速用吹喉散，或用好醋噙漱，吐痰要紧。大抵咽喉之症，俱
属风、痰、火，明者治之。
喉痹者，火分虚实也。实火宜∶
清凉散 治一切实火咽喉肿痛。
山栀 连翘 黄芩 防风 枳壳 黄连 当归 生地 甘草（各等分） 桔梗 薄荷（减半） 白芷
（减半或不用亦可）
上锉一剂，灯芯一团、细茶一撮，水煎，磨山豆根调服。咽喉干燥加人参、麦门冬、天花粉，去白芷；咽
喉发热加柴胡；咽喉肿痛加牛蒡子、玄参，去白芷；痰火盛加射干、栝蒌、竹沥，去白芷；喉痛生疮加牛蒡子、
玄参，去白芷；极热大便实，加大黄，去桔梗；虚火泛上，咽喉生疮、喉不清者，加黄柏、知母，去白芷。
开关神应散 治一切喉风，有起死回生之功。
蜈蚣（焙存性，二钱） 胆矾 全蝎（去毒，焙，存性） 僵蚕（去丝、嘴。各一钱） 蝉蜕（焙，存性，
一钱） 蟾酥（三钱） 穿山甲（麸炒，三钱） 川乌尖（一钱） 乳香（五分）
上为末，每服一钱半或三钱。小儿每服一分或七厘。同葱头捣烂和酒药送下，出汗为度。如口不能开，灌
服。忌猪、羊、鸡、鱼、油、面，诸般热毒等物二七日。
冰梅丸 治喉痹十八种俱效。
大南星（鲜者三十五个） 大半夏（鲜者三十五个） 皂角（去弦净四两） 白矾（四两） 好白盐（四两）
桔梗（二两，去芦） 防风 朴硝（四两） 甘草（一两）。
上拣七分熟，大梅子一百个，先将硝盐水浸一周时，然后将各药碾碎，入水拌匀，方将梅子置于水中。其
水淹过梅
子三指为度。浸七日后取出晒干，又入水中浸透晒干，俟药水干为度。方将梅子入瓷罐内封密，如霜衣白愈佳。
如要用时，薄绵裹噙在口中，令津液徐徐咽下，痰出即愈。每一梅足可治三人，不可轻弃。
吹喉散 治一切咽喉肿痛，并喉舌垂下肿痛者。
胆矾 白矾 朴硝 片脑 山豆根 辰砂 先将鸡 内黄皮焙燥，共前药研为极细末，用鹅毛管吹药入喉
即效。
大凡咽喉肿痛，或喉闭急症，用山豆根磨水噙漱立愈。
治喉痹双乳蛾 用壁上蜘蛛白窝，取下。患者脑后发，拔一根缠定蛛窝，灯上以银簪挑而烧之存性，
为末，吹入患处，立消。
乳鹅喉闭方 急将病患面朝上睡于地下，两手采住头发脚踏肩，其毒自散。或打破鼻，血出毒亦散之。
救急方 治喉风口噤不语，死在须臾。
胆矾（五分，半生半枯） 熊胆 木香（各三分）
上为细末，用番木鳖磨井水调和，以鸡翎蘸扫患处。如势急口噤，以箸启之用药，扫下即消。
喉痹方 并治口疮、牙疳、喉痹、牙关紧急，如神效。
火硝（五钱） 片脑（一分半） 硼砂（一钱半） 蒲黄（一钱） 孩儿茶（一钱二分半）。
上共为细末，用笔管拨开芦管吹入，大吐其痰，不数次立愈。
治乳鹅喉痹 孔弘周传。
蚕蛾（末三钱） 儿茶（一钱） 生白矾（三分） 辰砂（一钱）
上为细末，吹入喉口即愈。
破棺丹 治咽喉肿痛，水谷不下。
青盐 白矾 砂（各等分）
上为末，吹患处，有痰吐出立效。
陈藏器每治脏寒、吞吐不利，用附子去皮脐、炮裂，以蜜涂，炙，蜜入内，含之勿咽。
虚火宜∶
加味四物汤 治虚火上升喉痛，并生喉疮、喉痹热毒，最能降火甚效。
当归 川芎 黄柏（盐水浸） 知母（去毛） 天花粉（各一钱） 熟地 白芍（各一钱二分） 桔梗
甘草（各三钱）
上锉一剂，水煎，入竹沥一钟同服。
噙化丸 治咽喉肿痛，或声不清，或声哑咽喉干燥，或生疮者并治。
南薄荷叶 楝参（五钱） 怀生地（一两） 生甘草（二两） 白桔梗（三钱） 山豆根（八钱） 片脑
（三分）
上为细末，炼蜜为丸，如龙眼大。每一丸，分三次，临卧将丸噙入口中，津液渐渐化下。
腮者，肿痛，风热也。
驱风解毒散 治 腮肿痛者。
防风 荆芥 羌活 连翘 牛蒡子 甘草（各等分）
上锉一剂，水煎食后服。
又方 治 腮肿痛者用此敷上。用赤小豆研为细末，酽醋调敷肿处即消。
又方 用矿锻石不拘数，炒七次，地上窨七次，酽醋调敷肿处立愈。
讴歌失音者，火动也。
响声破笛丸
连翘（二两半） 桔梗（二两半） 川芎（一两半） 砂仁（一两） 诃子（一两，炒） 百药（二两）
薄荷（四两） 大黄（一两） 甘草（二两半）
上为细末，鸡子清为丸，如弹子大。每服一丸，临卧时噙化，徐徐咽下。
声音不出者，肾虚也。
滋肾汤 夫心为声音之主，肺为声音之门，肾为声音之根。风寒暑湿、气血痰热邪气有干于心肺，病
在上脘，随症解之，邪气散则天籁鸣矣。唯夫肾虚，不能纳诸气以归元，故气奔而上升。咳嗽痰壅，或喘或胀，
髓虚多唾，足冷骨痿，胸腹百骸俱为之牵制。其嗽愈重，其气愈乏，其保身君子必当于受病之处图之可也。按
钱氏方，小儿吐泻，利其小便过多，以致脾虚不食。钱用益黄散作效。数日以后，忽尔不语，钱知其脾气已复，
肾气尚虚。投以地黄丸益肾，相继数剂，见于能言。子益信声音之根出于肾也，不诬矣。
当归 川芎 白芍 熟地 人参（各五钱） 白术（二钱半） 茯苓（去皮） 陈皮 半夏（姜制。各五钱）
牛膝（酒洗，二钱半） 杜仲 菟丝子（酒洗制） 五味子（各五钱） 益智仁（二钱半） 破故纸（二钱半）
胡芦巴（炒，二钱半） 石菖蒲（一钱半） 甘草（炙，二钱半） 巴戟（去心，五钱）
上锉作剂，生姜三片、枣一枚，水煎，于五更初，肾气开时，不许咳唾言语，默默服之奏效。
嘹亮丸 治久失音声哑。
人乳（四两） 白蜜（四两） 梨汁（四两） 香椿芽汁（四两，如无，用浅香椿芽为末四两，入放上三味内。）
上共一处和匀，重汤煮热，不拘时服，白滚水送下。
治声哑方
甘草 桔梗 乌梅 乌药
上各等分，水煎，食后频频服。
孙押班治都知潘元从喉闭，孙以药半钱吹入喉中，少顷，吐出脓血立愈。潘诣孙谢曰；大急之患，非明公
不能
救，救人之急，非药不能疗。赠金百两，愿求方以济非常之急。曰∶用猪牙、皂角、白矾、黄连各等分，置新
瓦上焙干为末，即授以方，不受所赠。
一儒者，三场毕，忽咽喉肿闭、不省人事、喘促痰涌、汗出如水、肢体痿软、脉浮大而数，此饮食劳役，
无根虚火上炎。用补中益气加肉桂，一剂顿苏。（方见补益。）
李判府，咽喉肿痛，口舌生疮，此上焦风热。先用荆防败毒散二剂，喉痛渐愈；又以玄参升麻汤，口舌遂
愈。（方见伤寒。）
Pulse: The pulse of throat diseases presents as surging and overflowing at both cun positions; a pulse pattern with excess in the upper part and deficiency in the lower part should avoid being fine and deep.
For swelling and pain of the throat, or sores arising in the throat, or obstruction and pain in the pharynx, or redness, swelling, nodules, distension, and pain, or inability to speak due to throat obstruction, all are caused by Wind-Heat, Phlegm, and Fire. All should be treated with modifications of Qingliang San (Cooling and Clearing Powder). In cases of acute throat closure (Hou Bi), urgently prick the Shaoshang acupoint (located on the lateral side of the thumbnail) with a three-edged needle to release toxic blood, and inducing the vomiting of phlegm is essential. If treatment is delayed, death will ensue. Quickly use Chuihou San (Throat Blowing Powder), or gargle with good vinegar; expelling phlegm is critical. Generally, throat disorders belong to Wind, Phlegm, and Fire; those who understand this treat accordingly.
Hou Bi (Throat Obstruction) requires distinguishing between Excess Fire and Deficiency Fire. For Excess Fire, the following is suitable:
Qingliang San treats all types of throat swelling and pain caused by Excess Fire.
Zhi Zi (Gardenia Fruit), Lian Qiao (Forsythia Fruit), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), Zhi Ke (Aurantium Fruit), Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (all equal parts), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), Bo He (Mint Leaf) (half dose), Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica Root) (half dose or can be omitted).
Grind one dose, add a cluster of lamp wick and a pinch of fine tea, decoct in water, and take mixed with ground Shan Dou Gen (Sophora Tonkinensis Root). For dry throat, add Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Tian Hua Fen (Trichosanthes Root); remove Bai Zhi. For feverish throat, add Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root). For swollen and painful throat, add Niu Bang Zi (Arctium Seed), Xuan Shen (Scrophularia Root); remove Bai Zhi. For severe Phlegm-Fire, add She Gan (Belamcanda Rhizome), Gua Lou (Trichosanthes Fruit), Zhu Li (Bamboo Sap); remove Bai Zhi. For sore throat with ulcers, add Niu Bang Zi, Xuan Shen; remove Bai Zhi. For extreme heat with constipation, add Da Huang (Rhubarb Root); remove Jie Geng. For floating Deficiency Fire with throat ulcers and hoarseness, add Huang Bai (Phellodendron Bark), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome); remove Bai Zhi.
Kaiguan Shenyingsan (Opening Switch Miraculously Effective Powder) treats all forms of Hou Feng (Wind Throat), possessing the power to revive the dead.
Wu Gong (Centipede) (roasted until charred but retaining nature, 2 qian), Dan Fan (Alum), Quan Xie (Scorpion) (remove poison, roasted until charred), Jiang Can (Bombyx Batryticatus) (remove silk and mouth, 1 qian each), Chan Tui (Cicada Slough) (roasted until charred, 1 qian), Chan Su (Toad Venom) (3 qian), Chuan Shan Jia (Pangolin Scale) (bran-fried, 3 qian), Chuan Wu Jian (Aconitum Carmichaelii Lateral Root Tip) (1 qian), Ru Xiang (Frankincense Resin) (0.5 qian).
Grind into powder. Take 1.5 qian or 3 qian per dose. Children take 1 fen or 7 li per dose. Mix with crushed green onion head and wine medicine to swallow, aiming for sweating. If the mouth cannot open, administer via gavage. Avoid pork, mutton, chicken, fish, oil, noodles, and various heat-toxic substances for 27 days.
Bing Mei Wan (Ice Plum Pill) is effective for eighteen types of Hou Bi.
Da Nan Xing (Arisaema Rhizome) (fresh, 35 pieces), Da Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber) (fresh, 35 pieces), Zao Jiao (Tamarix Gallica Pod) (destringed and cleaned, 4 liang), Bai Fan (White Alum) (4 liang), Hao Bai Yan (Good White Salt) (4 liang), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root) (2 liang, remove radicle), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), Po Xiao (Mirabilite) (4 liang), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (1 liang).
Select 100 large plums that are 70% ripe. First soak in nitre-salt water for one shichen (2 hours). Then crush the herbs, mix with water, and place the plums in the water. The water level should cover the plums by three finger-widths. Soak for seven days, then take out and sun-dry. Repeat soaking and drying until the medicinal liquid is absorbed. Seal the plums in a porcelain jar. A white frost-like coating is ideal. When needed, wrap a plum in thin cotton and hold it in the mouth, allowing saliva to slowly swallow it down. Recovery occurs when phlegm is expelled. One plum suffices for three people; do not discard lightly.
Chuihou San (Throat Blowing Powder) treats all throat swelling and pain, and swelling/pain of the hanging throat tongue.
Dan Fan (Alum), Bai Fan (White Alum), Po Xiao (Mirabilite), Pian Nao (Borneol), Shan Dou Gen (Sophora Tonkinensis Root), Chen Sha (Cinnabar). Roast the yellow skin inside the Ji Nei Jin (Chicken Gizzard Lining) until dry, grind together with the above herbs into an extremely fine powder. Use a goose feather tube to blow the powder into the throat for immediate effect.
Generally, for throat swelling and pain or acute throat closure, grinding Shan Dou Gen in water and gargling leads to immediate recovery.
To treat Hou Bi with Double Ru E (Double Tonsils), take the white web of a wall spider. Pull a hair from the back of the patient's neck, wrap it around the spider web, roast over a lamp using a silver hairpin until charred but retaining nature, grind into powder, and blow into the affected area for immediate resolution.
Ru E Hou Bi Fang (Tonsil Throat Closure Formula): Urgently have the patient lie face up on the ground. Two people grasp the hair and step on the shoulders; the toxin will naturally dissipate. Alternatively, break the nose to induce bleeding, which also disperses the toxin.
Jiufang (Emergency Formula) treats Hou Feng with jaw lock and muteness, where death may occur suddenly.
Dan Fan (Alum) (0.5 qian, half raw half calcined), Xiong Dan (Bear Bile), Mu Xiang (Costus Root) (0.3 qian each).
Grind into fine powder. Grind Fan Mu Die (Strychnos Nux-vomica Seed) in well water to make a paste, dip a chicken feather in it, and sweep the affected area. If the condition is urgent and the mouth is locked, pry it open with chopsticks to apply the medicine; sweeping removes the blockage immediately.
Hou Bi Fang (Throat Obstruction Formula) also treats Mouth Ulcers, Ya Gan (Gum Disease), Hou Bi, and Lockjaw with miraculous efficacy.
Huo Xiao (Saltpeter) (5 qian), Pian Nao (Borneol) (0.15 qian), Peng Sha (Borax) (1.5 qian), Pu Huang (Typha Pollen) (1 qian), Hai Er Cha (Child's Tea) (1.25 qian).
Grind into fine powder. Use a brush tube to blow the powder into the throat after opening the glottis. Profuse expectoration of phlegm occurs, and recovery follows within a few applications.
Treating Ru E and Hou Bi, transmitted by Kong Hongzhou.
Can E (Silkworm Moth) (powder, 3 qian), Er Cha (Child's Tea) (1 qian), Sheng Bai Fan (Raw White Alum) (0.3 qian), Chen Sha (Cinnabar) (1 qian).
Grind into fine powder and blow into the throat for immediate cure.
Po Guan Dan (Coffin-Breaking Pill) treats throat swelling and pain, inability to eat or drink.
Qing Yan (Green Salt), Bai Fan (White Alum), Sha (Sand/Mineral) (equal parts).
Grind into powder and blow into the affected area. Immediate effect upon expectoration of phlegm.
Chen Cangqi treated internal cold causing difficulty in swallowing and regurgitation by using Fu Zi (Aconite Lateral Root) peeled and cracked, roasted with honey applied, containing the honey-filled root without swallowing.
For Deficiency Fire, the following is suitable:
Jiawei Siwu Tang (Modified Four Substances Decoction) treats throat pain caused by rising Deficiency Fire, as well as throat ulcers and heat-toxin in Hou Bi. It is highly effective in descending fire.
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Huang Bai (Phellodendron Bark) (soaked in salt water), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) (remove hairs), Tian Hua Fen (Trichosanthes Root) (1 qian each), Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Bai Shao (White Peony Root) (1.2 qian each), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (3 qian each).
Grind one dose, decoct in water, and take with one cup of Zhu Li (Bamboo Sap).
Qinhua Wan (Holding-and-Melting Pill) treats throat swelling and pain, unclear voice, hoarseness with dry throat, or throat ulcers.
Nan Bo He Ye (Southern Mint Leaf), Lian Shen (Stemona Root) (5 qian), Huai Sheng Di (Rehmannia Root) (1 liang), Sheng Gan Cao (Raw Licorice Root) (2 liang), Bai Jie Geng (Platycodon Root) (3 qian), Shan Dou Gen (Sophora Tonkinensis Root) (8 qian), Pian Nao (Borneol) (0.3 qian).
Grind into fine powder, bind with refined honey into pills the size of a longan. Divide one pill into three doses. Hold one portion in the mouth before sleep, allowing it to melt slowly with saliva.
Swollen cheeks indicate Wind-Heat.
Qufeng Jiedu San (Dispel Wind and Resolve Toxin Powder) treats swollen and painful cheeks.
Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), Jing Jie (Schizonepeta Spike), Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Lian Qiao (Forsythia Fruit), Niu Bang Zi (Arctium Seed), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (equal parts).
Grind one dose, decoct in water, and take after meals.
Another formula for swollen and painful cheeks: Apply externally. Grind Chi Xiao Dou (Adzuki Bean) into fine powder, mix with strong vinegar, and apply to the swelling for immediate resolution.
Another formula: Use Kuang Duan Shi (Calcined Stone) in any quantity, stir-fry seven times, bury in the ground seven times, mix with strong vinegar, and apply to the swelling for immediate cure.
Loss of voice while singing indicates Fire agitation.
Xiangsheng Podi Wan (Sound-Recovering Flute-Breaking Pill)
Lian Qiao (Forsythia Fruit) (2.5 liang), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root) (2.5 liang), Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum Rhizome) (1.5 liang), Sha Ren (Amomum Fruit) (1 liang), He Zi (Chebula Fruit) (1 liang, stir-fried), Bai Yao Jian (Infused Honeycomb) (2 liang), Bo He (Mint Leaf) (4 liang), Da Huang (Rhubarb Root) (1 liang), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (2.5 liang).
Grind into fine powder, bind with egg white into pills the size of a marble. Take one pill before sleep, hold in mouth to melt, and swallow slowly.
Inability to produce voice indicates Kidney Deficiency.
Zishen Tang (Kidney-Nourishing Decoction) The Heart is the master of voice, the Lung is the gate of voice, and the Kidney is the root of voice. Pathogenic factors such as Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Qi/Blood, Phlegm, and Heat disturbing the Heart and Lung cause disease in the Upper Jiao; resolve symptoms accordingly, and when pathogens disperse, natural sounds resume. Only Kidney Deficiency fails to gather Qi and return it to the Yuan Sea, causing Qi to rush upward. This leads to coughing with phlegm congestion, wheezing or distension, marrow deficiency with excessive saliva, cold feet and weak bones, and constraint of the chest, abdomen, and entire body. The heavier the cough, the more deficient the Qi. Gentlemen preserving health must address the source of illness. According to Qian Yi’s formulas, excessive urination from diarrhea/vomiting in children causes Spleen Deficiency and anorexia. Qian Yi used Yihuang San with success. Days later, sudden muteness occurred; Qian Yi knew Spleen Qi had recovered but Kidney Qi was still deficient. He administered Dihuang Wan to tonify the Kidney. After several doses, speech returned. I am convinced that the root of voice lies in the Kidney, undeniably.
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) (5 qian each), Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) (2.5 qian), Fu Ling (Poria) (peeled), Chen Pi (Citrus Peel), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber) (processed with ginger, 5 qian each), Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root) (wine-washed, 2.5 qian), Du Zhong (Eucommia Bark), Tu Si Zi (Cuscuta Seed) (wine-processed), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Berry) (5 qian each), Yi Zhi Ren (Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit) (2.5 qian), Po Gu Zhi (Cibotium Rhizome) (2.5 qian), Hu Lu Ba (Trigonella Foenum-graecum Seed) (stir-fried, 2.5 qian), Shi Chang Pu (Acorus Rhizome) (1.5 qian), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (roasted, 2.5 qian), Ba Ji Tian (Morinda Root) (core removed, 5 qian).
Grind into a dose, add three slices of fresh ginger and one jujube, decoct in water. Take silently at dawn when Kidney Qi opens, avoiding coughing, spitting, or speaking, for effective results.
Liaoliang Wan (Resonant Voice Pill) treats prolonged loss of voice and hoarseness.
Ren Ru (Human Milk) (4 liang), Bai Mi (White Honey) (4 liang), Li Zhi (Pear Juice) (4 liang), Xiang Chun Ya Zhi (Toona Bud Juice) (4 liang; if unavailable, use 4 liang of powdered shallow Toona buds added to the above three ingredients).
Mix evenly, heat in a double boiler, take at any time, washed down with plain boiled water.
Formula for Hoarse Voice
Gan Cao (Licorice Root), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), Wu Mei (Mume Fruit), Wu Yao (Lindera Root).
Equal parts, decoct in water, take frequently after meals.
Sun Yaban treated Du Zhi Pan Yuancong’s throat closure by blowing half a qian of medicine into the throat. Soon after, pus and blood were vomited, and he recovered immediately. Pan visited Sun to thank him, saying, "Such an urgent affliction could only be saved by you, Sir. Saving lives in emergencies requires medicine." He offered 100 taels of gold and begged for the formula to help in future emergencies. Sun said, "Use Zhu Ya Zao Jiao (Toothed Tamarisk Pod), Bai Fan (White Alum), Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) in equal parts, roast on a new tile until dry, and grind into powder." He gave the formula immediately but refused the gift.
A scholar, after completing three rounds of imperial examinations, suddenly developed throat swelling and closure, unconsciousness, panting with phlegm surge, profuse sweating like water, flaccid limbs, and a floating, large, rapid pulse. This was Rootless Deficiency Fire flaming upward due to dietary irregularities and labor. Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) with Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark) was used. One dose brought immediate revival. (Formula see Tonification section.)
Li Panfu suffered throat swelling and pain, and mouth/tongue ulcers. This was Upper Jiao Wind-Heat. First, Jing Fang Bai Du San (Schizonepeta and Notopterygium Detoxifying Powder) was given for two doses, gradually relieving throat pain. Then, Xuan Shen Sheng Ma Tang (Scrophularia and Cimicifuga Decoction) cured the mouth and tongue ulcers. (Formula see Shanghan section.)