脉∶消渴肝病，心滑而微，或紧洪数，阳盛阴惫；血虚濡散，劳则浮迟；短浮莫治，数大难医。
消渴者，口常渴也。小便不利而渴者，知内有湿也。（湿宜泻之。）小便自利而渴者，知内有燥也。
（燥宜润之。）大抵三消者，俱属内虚有热也。
缫丝汤 治三焦渴如神。如无缫丝汤，却以原蚕茧壳丝煎汤皆可代之，无时饮之，大效。盖此物属火，
有阴之用，大能泻膀胱中伏火，引阴水上潮于口而不渴也。
黄连地黄汤
黄连（去须） 生地黄 天花粉 五味子（去梗） 川当归 人参（去芦） 干葛 白茯苓（去皮）
麦门冬（去心） 甘草（各一钱）
上锉一剂，生姜一片、枣一枚、竹叶十片、水二盏煎，去渣温服。若上焦渴者，加山栀、桔梗；中焦渴者，
加黄芩；头眩渴不止者，加石膏；下焦渴者，加黄柏、知母。若作丸，加薄荷，炼蜜为丸，如弹子大。每服一
丸，噙化咽下。
玉泉丸
黄连 干葛 天花粉 知母 麦门冬（去心） 人参 五味子 生地汁 莲肉 乌梅肉 当归 甘草（
各等分） 加人乳汁、牛乳汁、甘蔗汁、梨汁、藕汁。
上先将各汁入蜜一斤半，煎熬成膏，后将各药为末，和前膏蒸热，汁数沸。每服五茶匙，食前清米汤调下。
忌一切辛热之物。
上消者肺火，饮水多而食少也。
黄芩汤 治上焦渴症。
黄芩 山栀 桔梗 麦门冬（去心） 当归 生地黄 干葛
人参 天花粉 白芍（各等分） 乌梅（一个）
上锉一剂，食远频服。
中消者胃火，消谷易饥，不生肌肉，小水赤黄是也。（用人参白虎汤治之。）
滋阴降火汤 治下焦渴症。（方见虚怯。）根据本方加白术、天花粉、山栀。葛粉、乌梅、焙炒黄连、
知母，去白芍。
六味地黄丸 治心肾不交，消渴引饮。（方见虚怯。）根据本方加麦门冬、五味子。
丹溪曰∶三消者，多属血虚不生津液，俱宜四物汤为主治之。（方见补益。）上消者，加人参、五味、麦
门冬、天花粉，煎熟入生藕汁、生地黄汁、人乳。饮酒之人加生葛根汁。中消者，加知母、石膏、滑石、寒水
石，以降胃火。下消者，加黄柏、知母、熟地黄、五味子，以滋肾水；又当间饮缫丝汤为上策。
秘方 总治三消，兼治吐血。
黄连 天花粉（二味为末） 藕汁 人乳汁 生地黄汁
上以姜、蜜和二味为膏，每次一指头大。放在舌上，徐徐白汤送下。
Pulse: In Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome) caused by Liver disease, the pulse may be slippery and slightly fine, or tight, flooding, and rapid, indicating Excess Yang and Exhausted Yin; if due to Blood deficiency causing a soggy and scattered quality, exertion leads to a floating and slow pulse; a short and floating pulse is difficult to treat, while a rapid and large pulse is also hard to cure.
Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome) is characterized by constant thirst in the mouth. If urination is obstructed accompanied by thirst, it indicates internal Dampness. (Dampness should be drained.) If urination is free accompanied by thirst, it indicates internal Dryness. (Dryness should be moistened.) Generally speaking, the three types of Xiao Ke (Upper, Middle, and Lower Wasting-Thirst) all belong to internal deficiency with Heat.
Siaosi Tang (Cocoon Silk Decoction) treats San Jiao (Triple Burner) thirst with miraculous effect. If Siaosi Tang is unavailable, decocting silk from raw silkworm cocoons can serve as a substitute; drink it at any time for great efficacy. This substance belongs to Fire but possesses Yin-nourishing properties; it greatly clears latent Fire in the Bladder, guiding Yin fluids upward to moisten the mouth and relieve thirst.
Huanglian Dihuang Tang (Coptis and Rehmannia Decoction)
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, removing roots), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, removing stems), Chuan Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, removing rhizomes), Gange (Puerariae Radix), Baifuling (Poria, removing bark), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, removing hearts), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 qian).
Crush these ingredients into one dose. Add one slice of fresh ginger, one jujube, ten leaves of bamboo, and two cups of water. Decoct, remove dregs, and take warm. For Upper Jiao thirst, add Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) and Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix); for Middle Jiao thirst, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix); for dizziness and unrelenting thirst, add Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum); for Lower Jiao thirst, add Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma). To make pills, add Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), refine honey, and form pills the size of a bullet. Take one pill per dose, holding it in the mouth to dissolve and swallow.
Yuquan Wan (Jade Spring Pill)
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Gange (Puerariae Radix), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, removing hearts), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Shengdi zhi (Juice of Rehmanniae Radix), Lianrou (Loti Semen), Wumei rou (Pruni Fructus flesh), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (all in equal parts). Add Renru (Human Milk), Niuru (Cow's Milk), Zhugan zhi (Sugar Cane Juice), Lizhi (Pear Juice), Ou zhi (Lotus Root Juice).
First, boil the various juices with 1.5 jin of honey until they form a paste. Then, grind the herbs into powder, mix with the paste, steam until hot, and boil several times. Take five tea spoons per dose, mixed with clear rice soup before meals. Avoid all pungent and hot substances.
Shang Xiao (Upper Wasting-Thirst) is Lung Fire, characterized by excessive drinking and reduced food intake.
Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) treats Shang Jiao (Upper Burner) thirst symptoms.
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, removing hearts), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Gange (Puerariae Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (all in equal parts), Wumei (Pruni Fructus) (one piece).
Crush these ingredients into one dose. Take frequently after meals, away from meal times.
Zhong Xiao (Middle Wasting-Thirst) is Stomach Fire, characterized by rapid digestion, easy hunger, failure to gain muscle mass, and dark yellow urine. (Treat with Renshen Baihu Tang [Ginseng and White Tiger Decoction].)
Ziyin Jianghuo Tang (Nourishing Yin and Descending Fire Decoction) treats Xia Jiao (Lower Burner) thirst symptoms. (Formula see "Xu Qie" chapter. Based on this formula, add Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus). Ge fen (Puerariae Radix Powder), Wumei (Pruni Fructus), roasted Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), remove Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba).)
Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome) with excessive drinking caused by Heart-Kidney non-interaction. (Formula see "Xu Qie" chapter. Based on this formula, add Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) and Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus).)
Danxi said: The three Xiao syndromes mostly belong to Blood deficiency failing to generate body fluids; all are suitable for treatment primarily with Siwu Tang (Four Substance Decoction). (Formula see "Bu Yi" chapter. For Shang Xiao, add Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), decoct, then add fresh Ou zhi (Lotus Root Juice), Shengdihuang juice (Juice of Rehmanniae Radix), and Renru (Human Milk). For drinkers, add Sheng Gegen zhi (Juice of Puerariae Radix). For Zhong Xiao, add Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huashi (Hirudinis Pulvis? No, likely Huashi - Talcum), Hanshuishi (Borax? Or specific mineral stone), to descend Stomach Fire. For Xia Xiao, add Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), to nourish Kidney Water; additionally, intermittently drinking Siaosi Tang (Cocoon Silk Decoction) is the best strategy.)
Secret Formula: Treats all three Xiao syndromes generally, and also treats hematemesis.
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix) (these two ground into powder), Ou zhi (Lotus Root Juice), Renru (Human Milk), Shengdihuang zhi (Juice of Rehmanniae Radix).
Mix the two powders with ginger juice and honey to form a paste. Each time take a piece the size of a finger. Place on the tongue, slowly swallowing with plain boiled water.