脉∶齿痛肾虚，尺濡而大；火炎尺洪，疏摇豁坏；右寸关数，或洪而弦，此属肠胃，风热多涎。
牙痛者，胃火盛也。
清胃散 治上下牙齿疼痛不可忍，牵引头脑、满面发热大痛。此因服补肾热药及食辛热浓味之物所致
也。
当归身 生地黄（酒洗） 黄连（夏月倍用） 牡丹皮（各三钱） 升麻（一两） 如痛甚加石膏（二钱）
细辛（三钱） 黄芩（三钱） 细茶（三钱） 大黄（酒蒸一钱）
上锉一剂，水煎，稍冷食后服。
治胃有实热齿痛，或上牙痛尤甚者，用凉膈散，以酒蒸大黄为君，加知母、石膏、升麻为佐。频频噙咽即
愈。
治牙痛 干姜（一两） 雄黄（三钱） 上为细末，搽之立止。
一方 用绿豆十一个、胡椒七粒，共合一处。略捣碎不至成泥，用绵裹如黄豆大，用一粒咬于疼处牙
上，即止其疼，永绝其根。如疼极不可忍者，先以烧酒漱口，吐去烧酒，用药咬于疼牙上立止。
泻胃汤 治牙痛如神。
当归 川芎 赤芍 生地黄 黄连 牡丹皮 栀子 防风 荆芥 薄荷 甘草
上锉一剂，水煎，食远频服。
开口呷风则痛甚者，肠胃中有风邪也；开口则臭不可闻者，肠胃中有积热也。
当归连翘饮
当归 生地黄 川芎 连翘 防风 荆芥 白芷 羌活 黄芩 山栀 枳壳 甘草（各等分） 细辛（减半）
上锉一剂，水煎食远服。
虫食而痛者，肠胃中有湿热也。
定痛散 治虫牙痛甚。
当归 生地黄 细辛 干姜 白芷 连翘 苦参 黄连 花椒 桔梗 乌梅 甘草（各等分）
上锉一剂，水煎，先噙漱，后咽下。
蜂窝散 治牙痛或肿，风牙、虫牙、牙痛、牙长、痛不可忍。
马蜂窝 白蒺藜 花椒 艾叶 葱头 荆芥 细辛 白芷
上等分锉碎、醋煎，口噙漱良久，吐出再噙。
牙龈宣露者，胃中客热也。
甘露饮子 治男、妇胃中客热口气，齿龈肿闷宣露，心
中多烦，饥不欲食，善睡卧及咽中生疮，口疮肿烂，并治，良验。
天门冬（去心） 麦门冬（去心） 生地黄 熟地黄 黄芩（去朽） 枳壳（去瓤） 山茵陈 石斛
枇杷叶 甘草（各等分） 一方以上各一两，加犀角三钱，有殊效。
上锉一剂，水煎，食后温服。若齿龈宣露肿闷，煎药漱之，冷热皆可。
苏东坡 治热极齿缝出血成条者。
人参 茯苓 麦门冬（去心。各二钱）
上锉一剂，水一盅煎五分温服，神效。
护齿膏 治牙龈宣露。
防风 独活 槐枝（各等分） 当归 川芎 白芷 细辛 本
上锉碎，入香油半斤，浸三日，熬焦去渣，入后药∶白蜡、黄蜡（各一两）、官粉、乳香、没药、龙骨、
白石脂、石膏、白芷（各五钱，俱为末）、麝香（五分为末）。上先将二蜡溶化成膏，方下八味药末，搅匀收
瓷器内。好皮纸摊贴在宣处即愈。
走马牙疳者，上焦湿热也。当归连翘饮（方见前。）
消疳散
花椒 细辛 硼砂 枯矾 铜绿 黄连 青黛（各等分）
上为细末，先用凉水漱口，后将药末擦在牙齿缝处。
芦荟散 治走马牙疳。
黄柏（五钱） 人言（五分，用红枣破去核，每用人言一分，烧存性）、芦荟（一钱）
上为末，先将米泔漱净疳毒，却掺上此药即愈。
蟾蜍散 治走马疳、龈溃侵蚀唇鼻。
干蚵 （黄泥裹烧焦，一分） 黄连（一分） 青黛（一钱）
上为末，入麝香少许，掺敷，干则油调搽。
齿动摇者，肾元虚也。
固齿丹
生地黄（二两） 白蒺藜（炒去刺、二两） 香附（四两，炒） 青盐（一两半） 破故纸（一两，炒）
没石子（大者四个。）
上为细末，早晨擦牙，津液咽下。久用，自然能固齿乌须。
牢牙固齿明目散 用槐枝叶、柳枝叶不拘多少，切碎，水浸三日，熬出浓汁，去条、叶、渣、梗，入
青盐二斤、白盐二斤，同汁熬干，研末。擦牙漱口吐出洗眼，神效。
固齿牢牙散
虎骨（一两，火 ） 青盐（用嫩槐枝等分同炒黄色，一两） 细辛（五钱末）
上三味合匀擦牙。
擦牙止痛固齿方
石膏（一斤， ） 青盐（四两） 白芷（二两） 细辛（一两）
上为细末，擦牙。
牙宣膏 治牙齿动摇不牢、疼痛不止，龈肉出血。
麝香（一字） 白龙骨（二钱半） 官粉（二钱半，另研。）
上先将二味为末，后入麝香研匀；用黄蜡一两，瓷器化开，入药于内，又搅匀；用无灰咨呈纸裁作方片，
于药内度过剪作条。临卧于齿患处龈肉门封贴一宿。治疳蚀、去风邪、牢牙齿，大效。
斗齿方
点椒（五钱） 天灵盖 红内销 白芷（各二钱）
上为末，齿动掺上即安。或已落有血丝未断者，亦可掺药于齿龈间，斗之即稳。
擦牙石盐散 用此药久擦牙，永久坚固，再无牙疰牙疼
之症。
白软石膏（一斤） 辽细辛（十二两五钱） 川升麻（二两五钱） 川芎（一两） 白芷（三两）
馒头炒成黑炭（半斤） 白盐（十二两，入炭火 红半日。）
右为极细末，用绢罗筛过，擦牙甚妙。
滋阴清胃丸 治阳明经血热，上下牙床红烂，肉缩齿龈露者。
当归（酒洗） 生地黄（酒洗） 牡丹皮（去骨） 栀子仁（盐水炒。各一两） 软石膏（ 醋淬，二两）
黄连（酒炒） 知母 葛粉 防风（各七钱） 升麻 白芷（各五钱） 生甘草节（四钱）
上为细末，汤泡蒸饼搅糊为丸，如绿豆大。每服百丸，临晚米汤送下。
灸 牙痛，百药不效，用艾炷如麦大，灸两耳当三壮，立止。
固齿散
鼠骨（一付，将鼠一个，不用毒死，只用打死者，面裹炮熟去肉，将面身等骨放新瓦上焙干，以黄色为度，
研为末，全用） 花椒（炒，二两） 乳香（二两，以竹叶焙） 香附（一两，炒） 白蒺藜仁（微炒，一两）
青盐（一两，面包 ）
上为末，每日擦牙，咽吐任意。不唯乌须发固牙齿，且终身绝无齿痛矣。
清胃汤 治牙床肿痛、动摇、黑烂、脱落，皆属二阳明大肠与胃二经之火。
山栀（炒） 连翘（去心） 牡丹皮 条芩（各一钱） 石膏（二匙） 生地黄（酒洗） 黄连（炒，各八分）
升麻 白芍（ ） 桔梗（各七分） 藿香（五分） 甘草（二分）
上锉一剂，水煎，食远服。
毛宗伯，胃经虚热，齿牙作痛。用补中益气加熟地、丹皮、茯苓、芍药寻愈。（方见补益。）
杨考功，齿动作痛，属脾胃虚弱、阴火炽甚。用补中益气加酒炒黑黄柏四剂，又服加减八味丸，诸症顿愈。
又用补中益气而痊愈。
王侍御，齿摇龈露，喜冷冻饮料食，此胃经湿热。先用承气汤以退火，又用清胃散以调理而齿固；继用六味丸
以补肾而痊。（方见补益。）
一男子，晡热内热，牙痛龈溃，常取小虫，此足三阴虚火、足阳明经湿热。先用桃核承气汤（方见伤寒）
二剂，又用六味丸而愈（方见补益。）
Pulse: Toothache due to Kidney deficiency presents with a Chi pulse that is soggy and large; toothache due to flaming fire presents with a Chi pulse that is surging, accompanied by loose or lost teeth. A rapid, surging, or wiry pulse at the Right Cun and Guan positions indicates involvement of the Stomach and Intestines, often associated with wind-heat and excessive saliva.
Toothache is generally caused by excess Stomach fire.
Qingwei San (Clear the Stomach Powder): Treats unbearable pain in both upper and lower teeth, radiating to the head, with facial heat and severe pain. This condition results from taking kidney-tonifying hot herbs and consuming spicy, rich foods.
Danggui Shen (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Recens, washed with wine), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, doubled in summer), Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan Radicis, each 3 qian), Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae, 1 liang). If pain is severe, add Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 qian), Xixin (Herba Asari, 3 qian), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, 3 qian), Xiacha (Fine Tea, 3 qian), Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, steamed with wine, 1 qian).
Crush these ingredients for one dose, decoct in water, and take slightly cool after meals.
For toothache caused by excess heat in the Stomach, especially severe upper toothache, use Liangge San (Cool the Diaphragm Powder). Use Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) steamed with wine as the sovereign herb, supplemented with Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), and Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae). Frequent holding and swallowing will lead to recovery.
Another prescription for toothache: Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, 1 liang), Xionghuang (Realgar, 3 qian). Grind into fine powder and apply externally to stop pain immediately.
Another method: Use 11 mung beans and 7 peppercorns. Crush slightly but not into paste. Wrap in cotton cloth like a soybean size. Place one piece on the painful tooth to stop pain permanently. If pain is unbearable, rinse mouth with boiled liquor first, spit it out, then place the medicine on the painful tooth for immediate relief.
Xiewei Tang (Drain the Stomach Decoction): Highly effective for toothache.
Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong), Chishao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Recens), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis), Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Zhizi (Fructus Gardeniae), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), Jingjie (Herba Schizonepetae), Bohe (Herba Menthae), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae).
Crush for one dose, decoct in water, and take frequently at intervals after meals.
If opening the mouth and inhaling wind exacerbates pain, there is wind pathogen in the Stomach and Intestines; if bad breath occurs upon opening the mouth, there is accumulated heat in the Stomach and Intestines.
Danggui Lianqiao Yin (Angelica and Forsythia Drink):
Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Recens), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong), Lianqiao (Fructus Forsythiae), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), Jingjie (Herba Schizonepetae), Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae), Qianghuo (Rhizoma Notopterygii), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Shanzhi (Fructus Gardeniae), Zhike (Fructus Aurantii), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, equal parts); Xixin (Herba Asari, half dose).
Crush for one dose, decoct in water, and take at intervals after meals.
Pain caused by worms indicates damp-heat in the Stomach and Intestines.
Dingtong San (Stop Pain Powder): Treats severe pain from dental caries.
Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Recens), Xixin (Herba Asari), Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae), Lianqiao (Fructus Forsythiae), Kushen (Cortex Phellodendri), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis), Huajiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli), Jiegeng (Radix Platycodi), Wumei (Fructus Mume), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, equal parts).
Crush for one dose, decoct in water. Rinse mouth first, then swallow.
Fengwo San (Honeycomb Powder): Treats toothache or swelling, including wind-toothache, worm-toothache, general toothache, receding gums, and unbearable pain.
Ma Fengwo (Hornet's Nest), Baijili (Semen Tribuli), Huajiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli), Aiye (Folium Artemisiae Argyi), Congtou (Bulbus Allii Cepae), Jingjie (Herba Schizonepetae), Xixin (Herba Asari), Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae).
Equal parts, crush, decoct in vinegar. Hold in mouth for a long time, spit out, and repeat.
Receding gums indicate guest heat in the Stomach.
Ganlu Yinzi (Sweet Dew Decoction): Treats bad breath due to guest heat in the Stomach, swollen and receding gums, mental restlessness, hunger without desire to eat, lethargy, sores in throat and mouth. Effective.
Tianmendong (Herba Asparagi), Maidong (Radix Ophiopogonis, both de-heartened), Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Recens), Shudihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, remove rotten parts), Zhike (Fructus Aurantii, remove pith), Shanyinch'en (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Shihu (Caulis Dendrobii), Pipaye (Folium Eriobotryae), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, equal parts). Another formula adds Xijiao (Cornu Bubali, 3 qian) to each ingredient being 1 liang, which is highly effective.
Crush for one dose, decoct in water, take warm after meals. For receding and swollen gums, use the decoction to rinse mouth, temperature does not matter.
Su Dongpo's method for bleeding from gum fissures due to extreme heat:
Renshen (Radix Ginseng), Fuling (Sclerotium Poriae), Maidong (Radix Ophiopogonis, de-hearted, each 2 qian).
Crush for one dose, decoct in one cup of water until reduced to half. Take warm. Highly effective.
Huchi Gao (Teeth Protection Paste): Treats receding gums.
Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), Duohuo (Rhizoma Notopterygii), Huaizhi (Ramulus Sophorae, equal parts), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong), Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae), Xixin (Herba Asari), Bencao (Rhizoma Ligustici).
Crush, soak in half jin of sesame oil for three days, boil until charred, strain. Add: Baila (Cera Alba), Huangla (Cera Flava, each 1 liang), Guafen (Starch Triticum), Xuxiang (Resina Olibani), Moyao (Resina Myrrhae), Longgu (Os Fosssilia Mamuthi), Baishizhi (Kaolin), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, each 5 qian, powdered), Shexiang (Moschus, 5 fen, powdered). Melt waxes, add powders, mix well, store in porcelain. Apply paste on paper to affected area.
Zouma Yagan (Running Horse Gum Disease) is caused by damp-heat in the Upper Jiao. (See Danggui Lianqiao Yin above.)
Xiaogan San (Eliminate Gum Disease Powder):
Huajiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli), Xixin (Herba Asari), Pengsha (Borax), Kufan (Alumen Exsiccatum), Tonglv (Chalcanthite), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis, equal parts).
Grind to fine powder. Rinse mouth with cold water first, then apply powder to gum lines.
Luhui San (Aloe Powder): Treats Running Horse Gum Disease.
Huangbai (Cortex Phellodendri, 5 qian), Renyan (Arsenic Trioxide, 5 fen, processed with red date), Luhui (Aloe, 1 qian).
Grind to powder. Rinse with rice water to clean toxins, then apply powder.
Chantu San (Toad Powder): Treats Running Horse Gum Disease, ulcerated gums eroding lips and nose.
Ganke (Dry Toad Skin, wrapped in yellow clay and burnt to charcoal, 1 fen), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, 1 fen), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis, 1 qian).
Grind to powder, add a little Moschus. Apply to lesion. If dry, mix with oil and apply.
Loose teeth indicate deficiency of Kidney Yuan Qi.
Guchi Dan (Teeth Consolidating Pill):
Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Recens, 2 liang), Baijili (Semen Tribuli, stir-fried to remove spines, 2 liang), Xiangfu (Rhizoma Cyperi, stir-fried, 4 liang), Qingyan (Natrii Chloridum, 1.5 liang), Poguzhi (Semen Psoraleae, stir-fried, 1 liang), Meishi (Galla Chinensis, four large ones).
Grind to fine powder. Brush teeth with it in the morning, swallow with saliva. Long-term use naturally consolidates teeth and blackens hair.
Laoya Guchi Mingmu San (Teeth Consolidating and Eye-Brightening Powder): Use Sophora and Salix branches and leaves as needed. Chop, soak in water for three days, boil to extract thick juice, remove residues. Add 2 jin Qingyan (Natrii Chloridum) and 2 jin Baiyan (Natrii Chloridum), boil until dry, grind to powder. Use for brushing teeth and rinsing, or wash eyes. Highly effective.
Guchi Laoya San (Teeth Consolidating Powder):
Hugu (Os Tigridis, fire calcined, 1 liang), Qingyan (Natrii Chloridum, stir-fried with young Sophora branches until yellow, 1 liang), Xixin (Herba Asari, powdered, 5 qian).
Mix evenly and brush teeth.
Ca Ya Zhitong Guchi Fang (Brush Teeth Pain-Stopping Formula):
Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, fire calcined, 1 jin), Qingyan (Natrii Chloridum, 4 liang), Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, 2 liang), Xixin (Herba Asari, 1 liang).
Grind to powder and brush teeth.
Yaxuan Gao (Gum Recession Paste): Treats loose teeth, persistent pain, and gum bleeding.
Shexiang (Moschus, 1 zi), Bailonggu (Os Fosssilia Mamuthi, 2.5 qian), Guafen (Starch Triticum, 2.5 qian, separately ground).
Grind first two ingredients, mix with Moschus. Melt 1 liang Huangla (Cera Flava) in porcelain, add medicine, mix well. Dip square papers in mixture, cut into strips. Apply overnight to affected gums. Treats gum erosion, expels wind, consolidates teeth. Highly effective.
Dou Chi Fang (Tooth Stabilizing Formula):
Dianjiao (Zanthoxylum, 5 qian), Tianlinggai (Calvaria Humana), Hongneixiao (Radix Bupleuri), Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, each 2 qian).
Grind to powder. Apply to loose teeth to stabilize. If tooth is fallen but root remains, apply to gum to stabilize.
Ca Ya Shi Yan San (Stone Salt Brushing Powder): Long-term use makes teeth firm, preventing gum disease and toothache.
Baishigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 jin), Liaoxixin (Herba Asari, 12.5 liang), Chuanshengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae, 2.5 liang), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong, 1 liang), Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, 3 liang), Mantou Tan (Charred Steamed Bun, 0.5 jin), Baiyan (Natrii Chloridum, 12 liang, roasted in charcoal fire for half a day).
Grind to ultra-fine powder, sieve with silk, and brush teeth.
Ziyin Qingwei Wan (Nourish Yin Clear Stomach Pill): Treats Yangming channel blood heat causing red, rotting gums and receding gums.
Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, wine-washed), Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Recens, wine-washed), Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan Radicis, de-boned), Zhiren (Semen Gardeniae, salt-water fried, each 1 liang), Ruangao (Gypsum Fibrosum, quenched in vinegar, 2 liang), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, wine-fried), Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Gefen (Amylum Tetraspermi), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, each 7 qian), Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Baizhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, each 5 qian), Sheng Gancaojie (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 4 qian).
Grind to powder, mix with steamed bread paste soaked in liquid, make pills like mung beans. Take 100 pills with rice water in the evening.
Moxibustion: For toothache unresponsive to medicines, use moxa cone the size of wheat grain. Moxibustate behind both ears three times. Pain stops immediately.
Guchi San (Teeth Consolidating Powder):
Shugu (Os Muris, one mouse, beaten to death, wrapped in flour, roasted, bones dried on tile, ground to powder), Huajiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli, stir-fried, 2 liang), Xuxiang (Resina Olibani, 2 liang, roasted with bamboo leaves), Xiangfu (Rhizoma Cyperi, stir-fried, 1 liang), Baijiliren (Semen Tribuli, lightly stir-fried, 1 liang), Qingyan (Natrii Chloridum, 1 liang, wrapped in flour and baked).
Grind to powder. Brush teeth daily, swallow or spit as desired. Blackens hair, consolidates teeth, prevents toothache lifelong.
Qingwei Tang (Clear Stomach Decoction): Treats swollen, painful, loose, blackened, or falling teeth, attributed to fire in Hand-Yangming Large Intestine and Foot-Yangming Stomach channels.
Zhizi (Fructus Gardeniae, stir-fried), Lianqiao (Fructus Forsythiae, de-heartened), Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Tiaoqin (Radix Scutellariae, each 1 qian), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 spoons), Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Recens, wine-washed), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, stir-fried, each 8 fen), Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba, fire-calcined), Jiegeng (Radix Platycodi, each 7 fen), Huoxiang (Herba Agastaches), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 2 fen).
Crush for one dose, decoct in water, take at intervals after meals.
Mao Zongbo had deficient heat in Stomach channel causing toothache. Treated with Buzhong Yiqi Tang plus Shudihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata), Danpi (Cortex Moutan Radicis), Fuling (Sclerotium Poriae), Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Alba). Recovered soon. (Formula see Tonification section.)
Yang Kaogong had loose, painful teeth due to Spleen/Stomach deficiency and blazing Yin fire. Treated with Buzhong Yiqi Tang plus wine-fried black Huangbai (Cortex Phellodendri) for four doses, followed by Jiawei Bawei Wan (Modified Eight Flavor Pill). Symptoms resolved. Later recovered completely with Buzhong Yiqi Tang.
Wang Shiyu had loose teeth and receding gums, preferring cold drinks/food, indicating damp-heat in Stomach channel. First used Chengqi Tang (Harmonize the Chest and Bowel Decoction) to reduce fire, then Qingwei San (Clear the Stomach Powder) to consolidate teeth, finally Liuwei Wan (Six Ingredient Pill) to tonify Kidney. Recovered. (Formulas see Tonification section.)
A man had afternoon fever, internal heat, toothache, ulcerated gums, and extracted small worms. Diagnosis: Deficient fire in Foot-Taiyin/Shaoyin/Jueyin and damp-heat in Foot-Yangming Stomach channel. First treated with Taohe Chengqi Tang (Peach Pit and Magnolia Bark Decoction) for two doses, then Liuwei Wan (Six Ingredient Pill). Recovered. (Formulas see Cold Damage and Tonification sections.)