病者先寒后热，寒则汤火不能温，热则冰水不能寒，以先伤寒，后伤风，故先寒而后热
，名曰寒疟。
病者先热后寒，躁烦，自汗恶风，以先伤风，后伤寒，风为阳，寒为阴，故先热而后寒
，名曰温疟。
病者但热不寒，阴气孤绝，阳气独发，少气烦冤，手足热而欲呕，必渴，以伤于暑热，
名曰瘅疟。
病者寒热身重，骨节烦疼，胀满， 自汗，善呕，因汗出复浴，湿舍皮肤，
及冒雨湿，名曰湿疟。
病者寒多不热，但惨戚振栗，病以时作，此以阳虚阴盛，多感阴湿，阳不能制阴，名曰牝疟。
五种疟疾，以外感风寒暑湿，与卫气相并而成。治之各有方法。
治温疟先热后寒，恶风多汗。
石膏（四两半） 知母（一两半） 甘草(炙，半两） 桂心（一两） 粳米（一合）
上锉散。每服四钱，水盏半，煎七分，去滓，未发前，进三服。
治冒雨湿，着于肌肤，与胃气相并；或腠开汗出，因浴得之。
附子(炮去皮脐) 白术（各一两） 甘草(炙) 茯苓 桂心（各半两）
上锉散。每服四大钱，水盏半，姜五片，枣两枚，煎七分，去滓，食前服。
治伤风寒暑湿，不留经络，与卫气相并，病以日作，寒热交煎。
麻黄(去节汤浸) 白术 茯苓 桂心（各一两） 陈皮 青皮 桔梗 白芷 甘草 半夏曲
紫苏 乌梅（各三分） 干姜（半两）
上为锉散。每服四钱重，水二盏，姜三片，枣二枚，煎七分，去滓，当发日空心一服，
临发一服尤妙。亦治时疫。
The patient first feels cold and then feverish; when cold, even hot water or fire cannot warm the body, and when feverish, even ice water cannot cool it. This is because the pathogenic cold was contracted first, followed by wind, resulting in cold preceding heat. This condition is named Cold Malaria (Han Nüe).
The patient first feels feverish and then cold, accompanied by restlessness, spontaneous sweating, and aversion to wind. This is because wind was contracted first, followed by cold. Wind belongs to Yang, and cold belongs to Yin, resulting in heat preceding cold. This condition is named Warm Malaria (Wen Nüe).
The patient experiences only heat without cold, indicating that Yin Qi is isolated and exhausted while Yang Qi flares up alone. Symptoms include shortness of breath, mental vexation and oppression, heat in the hands and feet, a desire to vomit, and inevitable thirst. This is caused by contracting summer-heat pathogen and is named Dan Malaria (Dan Nüe).
The patient alternates between chills and fever, feels heavy, suffers from severe joint pain, abdominal distension, spontaneous sweating, and frequent vomiting. This is caused by bathing immediately after sweating, allowing dampness to lodge in the skin, or by exposure to rain and wetness. This condition is named Damp Malaria (Shi Nüe).
The patient has more chills than fever, appearing despondent and trembling/shivering, with symptoms occurring at regular intervals. This is due to deficiency of Yang and excess of Yin, making one prone to contracting Yin-damp pathogens, where Yang cannot control Yin. This condition is named Pin Malaria (Pin Nüe).
These five types of malaria are formed by external contraction of wind-cold, summer-heat, and dampness, which merge with Defensive Qi (Wei Qi). Each requires specific treatment methods.
To treat Warm Malaria (Wen Nüe), characterized by heat preceding cold, aversion to wind, and profuse sweating:
Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (4 liang 5 qian) Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 知母) (1 liang 5 qian) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Zhigancao, 甘草) (0.5 liang) Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guixin, 桂心) (1 liang) Oryza Sativa (Jingmi, 粳米) (1 he)
Crush the above ingredients into a powder. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups of water until reduced to 0.7 parts, strain, and take three doses before the onset of the attack.
To treat illness caused by exposure to rain and dampness lodging in the muscles and skin, merging with Stomach Qi; or caused by bathing when pores are open and sweating:
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Paofuzi, 附子) (processed, peel removed, umbilicus removed) Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) (each 1 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Zhigancao, 甘草) Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guixin, 桂心) (each 0.5 liang)
Crush the above ingredients into a powder. Take 4 da qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups of water, add 5 slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) and 2 Jujubae Fructus (Dazao, 大枣), reduce to 0.7 parts, strain, and take before meals.
To treat injury from wind-cold, summer-heat, and dampness, where pathogens do not remain in the meridians but merge with Defensive Qi (Wei Qi), causing daily attacks with alternating chills and fever:
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (nodes removed, soaked in boiling water) Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guixin, 桂心) (each 1 liang) Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi, 陈皮) Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi, 青皮) Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, 桔梗) Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi, 白芷) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) Perillae Folium cum Radice (Zisu, 紫苏) Mume Fructus (Wumei, 乌梅) (each 3 fen) Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang, 干姜) (0.5 liang)
Process the above ingredients into a crushed powder. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct with 2 cups of water, add 3 slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) and 2 Jujubae Fructus (Dazao, 大枣), reduce to 0.7 parts, strain, and take on an empty stomach on the day of the attack. Taking another dose just before the onset is particularly effective. This formula also treats epidemic febrile diseases.