Library

[M Xu Chunfu] *Douzhen Xiemì* (Secrets of Smallpox and Measles), 1 volume, extant.
[Kuang Duo] *Douzhen Fang* (Formulas for Smallpox and Measles), 1 volume, extant.
Wang Jingmin wrote the preface: It was said by ancients that if one cannot become a virtuous prime minister, one should strive to be a renowned physician. The Way of medicine is difficult to describe! Pediatrics is even more difficult, and among pediatric diseases, smallpox and measles (Douzhen) are the most critical major issues.
In the second year of my appointment as Prefect of Daming, it happened that Lord Kuang came to govern this commandery. During his leisure from official duties, he showed me the book on smallpox and measles he had compiled. After reading it reverently, I sighed and said: How benevolent is your heart, my lord! Today, which parent in the world does not wish for their child to be kind and long-lived? Yet some children die from smallpox, others from measles, hurting the hearts of parents everywhere. Is this all due to the silent operation of the Creator? It is truly because enlightened physicians are rare. By publishing and circulating this book, you make it possible for people in remote villages to select prescriptions according to symptoms and achieve miraculous effects with certainty. Thus, every place will have enlightened physicians. In the Han Dynasty, Du Shi (courtesy name Gongjun) was summoned by parents; would you not be considered the "Zhao Du" (a metaphor for a good official) of today's world? You, my lord, shall ultimately possess both the qualities of a virtuous minister and a renowned physician. Your name is Duo; you passed the Jinshi examination in the Yichou year and served as Prefect of this commandery after holding the post of Left Remonstrator. Written on an auspicious day in the first ten days of the first month of the Jiawu year of the Wanli era, by Wang Jingmin of Xihua, Jinshi degree holder and Judge of Daming Commandery, Zhili.

[Zhi Bingzhong] *Douzhen Xuanji* (Mysteries of Smallpox and Measles), 4 volumes, extant.
Introduction: Physicians consider pediatrics difficult, and smallpox and measles are said to be particularly difficult. This is likely because the congenital toxin received varies in depth, leading to favorable (Shun) or unfavorable (Ni) manifestations of the disease. Favorable cases can certainly be cured; unfavorable ones are difficult to treat. Only those in the borderline between curable and incurable, especially when complicated by other syndromes, require medicinal support to maintain the condition. However, past prescribers tended to bias towards either cold/heat-clearing or attacking/nourishing methods. This has led modern practitioners to rigidly adhere to fixed formulas without adapting to changes, applying static ancient prescriptions to dynamic, unpredictable symptoms, often causing harm through "reinforcing deficiency and reducing excess" (Xu Xu Shi Shi). Neither patients nor sometimes even doctors realize the cause. I feel sorrowful about this. Therefore, I have categorized the onset and progression of smallpox and measles, discussed treatments based on symptoms, and attached prescriptions. The treatment is adapted to each individual's Qi and Blood deficiency/excess and cold/heat, as well as the quantity and severity of the rash. Cases treated are recorded for reference. I did not dare to break established rules or create subjective theories to deceive the world. Upon completion, I named it *Douzhen Xuanji*, hoping to share it with like-minded colleagues, and thus submitted it for printing. To say that good physicians do not write medical books is merely idle talk, not the intention of a benevolent person. I hope readers will understand. This is the introduction. Written by Gai Zhai Master Zhi Bingzhong at Renshou Hall in the first month of winter of the Jiawu year of the Wanli era.

[Wang Ruoyuan] *Douzhen Dacheng* (Great Completion of Smallpox and Measles), 1 volume, extant.
[Guo Zizhang] *Boji Xidou Fanglun* (Collected Discussions on Rare-Pox Formulas), included in *Yicang Mulu* (Catalogue of Medical Treasures), 2 volumes, extant.
Autobiographical Preface: In the past, Bian Que entered Xianyang and heard that the people loved children, so he became a pediatrician, and everyone praised him. He said himself: A sage anticipates subtle signs and acts early, so the disease can be cured. He also told Marquis Wen of Wei: My eldest brother treats illness before it takes shape, so his fame does not leave his home; my middle brother treats it when it is just emerging, so his fame does not leave the neighborhood; whereas I, Bian Que, cut vessels, administer drugs, and needle muscles, so my fame spreads among feudal lords. The duty of a physician is regulation; regulation depends on intent; intent involves initiation; drugs are for dredging; dredging aims at nourishment. Sages avoid fatal situations not because they can see forever or travel infinitely, but because they prevent effectively, making death elusive. They do not wait for disease to manifest before using intent and drugs to dredge and nourish. Thus, it is said that if one acts unconsciously, one achieves total victory without harm. Even a physician like Bian Que cannot match his eldest and middle brothers. Bian Que treats formed pathology; the eldest brother treats unformed pathology. Treating before formation is what the sages call "prevention." Among infant diseases, smallpox is the most urgent to prevent early. Infants' pulses are indeterminate, and they cannot speak; within seven days, life and death can turn instantly. If prevention is not prepared, and action is taken only after manifestation, even if Bian Que were revived and fed pool water, I would not guarantee a perfect outcome, let alone entrusting it to quacks. I often grieve over this. Having read many formularies and consulted national experts, I obtained a formula for preventing/rare-pox smallpox, copied it by hand, and eventually compiled it into a booklet. Sometimes I administered it before the rash appeared, and it was always effective. Although I could not completely discard other books, preventing the disease at its萌芽 stage is akin to being "preventive and early." Smallpox is fetal toxin and Yang fire. Various discussions differ, but essentially they resolve accumulated toxin and drain stagnant fire. When toxin resolves, progress is smooth; when fire drains, cooling occurs, and organs remain clean, allowing the rash to erupt naturally. This is logical and not surprising. Coming to Sizhou, I suffered from turbid Huai River water unfit for drinking. Cooks tried various methods: adding peach kernels, mixing mung beans, or precipitating alum. Following these, the water became clear enough to reflect eyebrows. The rarity of smallpox is largely similar to this purification. Some ask why I discarded comprehensive books to record only half. Alas! Desire-fire is blazing, greed-water is overflowing. How many can reach the other shore and escape the house of fire? Holding half and acting early is still complete. Otherwise, even having the whole book is useless. Thus, it is said: The Perfect Man does not get sick because he does not perceive sickness, hence there is no sickness. If one is sick but claims to have ancient formulas, it is hopeless. Written by Moyi Zhuozhe Qingluo Guo Zizhang on the 16th day of the first month of autumn in the Dingchou year of the Wanli era.
Zhu Yizun states: Guo Zizhang, courtesy name Xiangkui, was from Taihe. He passed the Jinshi exam in the Xinwei year of Longqing, served as Censor-in-Chief, Governor of Guizhou, and was promoted to Minister of War. (From *Mingshi Zong*)

[Wu Ziyang] *Douzhen Erzheng Quanshu* (Complete Book of Two Types of Smallpox and Measles), included in *Yicang Mulu*, 4 volumes, not seen.
Zhu Yilin states: Wu Dongyuan, courtesy name Ziyang, was from Jing.

*Xiao'er Douzhen Yaojue* (Essential Principles of Pediatric Smallpox and Measles), included in *Yicang Mulu*, 4 volumes, not seen.

[Li Shi] *Douzhen Yuanyuan* (Origins of Smallpox and Measles), not seen.

[Zhang Qingchuan] *Douzhen Bianlan* (Convenient Guide to Smallpox and Measles), not seen.

[Li Yanwen] *Douzhen Zhengzhi* (Syndromes and Treatment of Smallpox and Measles), not seen.
Note: The above three books appear in the bibliography cited in *Bencao Gangmu*.

[Gong Tingxian] *Douzhen Biyi Quan Youlu* (Complete Record of Infant Care Clarifying Doubts in Smallpox and Measles), 3 volumes, not seen.

[Hu Tingxun] *Buyi Douzhen Biyi Quan Youlu* (Supplement to Clarifying Doubts in Smallpox and Measles for Infant Care), 4 volumes, extant.
Note: This book is completely different from Lu Daoyuan's supplement *Douzhen Jinjinglu* (Golden Mirror of Smallpox and Measles). Lu's preface dates to the Wuwu year of Wanli, while Zhu Renzhai printed this book in the Wushen year, a gap of ten years, proving Hu's book was completed earlier. Moreover, the discussions therein largely align with Gong Tingxian's works. Chapters on death/life during the third day of fever, five rules on death/life during crust formation, and the appendix on rubella appear in *Gujin Yijian* and *Jishi Quanshu*; chapters on color/lightness and the *Douzhen Biyi Fu* appear in *Shoushi Baoyuan*; the chapter on the essentials of smallpox onset and conclusion appears in *Pudu Cihang*. It is evident the original text originated from Gong Tingxian. It seems Weng Zhongren borrowed Gong's views as his own, and Lu Daoyuan plagiarized Hu's supplement to claim authorship. Later generations, unaware, revered *Jinjinglu* as the standard for pediatrics, causing this book to fall into disuse. Jiang Xuqi's *Doujing Daquan* cites both. Sun Yikui's *Douzhen Xinyin* specifically praises Weng's views. At that time, truth and falsehood were indistinguishable. Gong Tingxian was a renowned physician of his generation, and his works were widely circulated; would he resort to such deceitful tricks? Weng Zhongren's *Mazhen Xinfa* resembles Wan Quan's *Shiyi Xinfa*, providing evidence of plagiarism. This view was heard from Physician Ta Tian Rouxing (Jin), who finds it precise and pleasing. His grandfather, Songshan Weng (Zhengzhi), learned smallpox treatment from the Guihua person Dai Manguan (Li), who in the Ming dynasty studied medicine under the Yunlin Gong family. His learning has deep roots, explaining why Rouxing promotes this book for posterity.

[Meng Jikong] *Zhidou Xiangshuo* (Detailed Explanations on Treating Smallpox), 1 volume, extant.
Autobiographical Preface: Ancients said: Better to treat ten men than one woman; better to treat ten women than one child. The Yellow Emperor said: I cannot observe the young, therefore pediatricians find it difficult. But the greatest difficulty lies in infant smallpox and measles. A difference of a hair's breadth leads to a thousand miles of error; fortune and misfortune turn in a palm's flip; life and death hang in the balance of dawn and dusk. Can one be too cautious? Treating smallpox without distinguishing exterior/interior, deficiency/excess, Qi/Blood, cold/warmth, and toxin depth inevitably causes harm. I lament physicians who are dogmatic about days or rigidly follow books. When Shengma Gegen Tang or Baoyuan Tang should be used, they stubbornly refuse; when inappropriate, they use them recklessly. When blood is deficient, they tonify Qi; when interior is excess, they tonify deficiency; when heat-toxin is rampant, they augment fire; when Yang Qi collapses, they resolve toxin. They reinforce excess and reduce deficiency, harming the insufficient and benefiting the surplus. Such deaths are caused by the physician. Patients and families often do not realize this. Formularies vary, some biased towards warm-tonification, others towards cool-purging. Without the profound insight of predecessors, errors occur. One should not let crude, reckless, greedy individuals handle this. I have studied this deeply but not grasped the essence. Imprisoned in the Ministry of Justice for two years, I carefully examined works by Wenren, Qian, Chen, Cai, *Douzhen Quanshu*, *Xuanji*, *Bo'ai*, *Xinjian*, etc. I collected easy-to-understand explanations on eruption stages, pustule formation, crusting, colors, and treatments, along with my own experience, compiling them into this volume named *Zhidou Xiangshuo*. It suits not only the Southeast but also the Northwest. May the wise correct it. Written by junior scholar Meng Jikong in summer of the Guisi year of the Wanli era.

[Liu Fanqiu] *Douzhen Shenying Xinshu* (Divine Response Heart Book on Smallpox and Measles), 2 volumes, extant.
Tan Qiyan wrote the preface: My family has lived in the South for generations. Seven thousand li from Heyi. In summer of the Wuxu year, I traveled here with official orders. My mother was advanced in age, and my son was only five. I hesitated to leave. Mother rebuked me: What is your ambition? Why worry about me? I can accompany you west. Are there no skilled physicians here for a five-year-old? So I departed. In January of this year, my son developed a fever. The doctor did not suspect smallpox and medicated him. Points appeared. More medication led to coma, black tongue, head/back pain, and severe symptoms. Doctors gave up, predicting death. My mother and wife wailed. I tried to emulate Ji Zizu of Yanling (letting go of formalities for survival). The whole region prayed to gods as if protecting parents' eyes. Then, villager Liu Wenguang requested an audience. He illuminated the three zones of the child's face with a torch, knelt, and said: I have received divine instruction. There is a Nine-Flavor Divine Merit Powder that will surely save him. In my panic, I agreed to his discretion. The powder was prepared at dusk. Given to the child, he slept slightly. Repeated doses led to him seeking his mother. By dawn, he woke fully, asked for porridge. After night and day, one dose helped auxiliary eruptions emerge. Added Zi Cao Rong (Arnebiae Radix et Rhizoma), toxins cleared, eruptions became red and lively. I marveled at his skill. Asking the source, he presented this book. It was written by Fanqiu Gong, Professor of Lingjiang in Shangrao, during the Renxu year of the Zhengtong era, with commentary by his disciple Pei Shuzhong. Alas! The prescription is divine, the man is a god, and I witnessed resurrection. I regret that as a Southerner serving in the South, his work was published only in the South. Southern physicians rarely value it, citing only thirst, itching, or collapse for reference, like *Leiju Baochi*. They dismiss divine formulas as untestable or poorly edited. I have corrected errors, removed redundancy, filled gaps, and reprinted it as *Douzhen Shenying Xinshu*, to celebrate my son's recovery, thank the divine man, and spread Master Qiu's virtue. The Zi Cao Rong mentioned comes from U-Tsang, unique in resolving toxins and treating carbuncles. It was rare even for Master Qiu. Those with insight will understand.
Note: This book is收录 in Wang Xiangjin's *Jianyi Yanfang* Vol. 6, titled revised by Guixi Liu Fanqiu Kefeng. I hold a manuscript *Douzhen Xinshu* Vol. 2 without author. It likely contains the same content. The book includes diagrams of adverse/favorable/dangerous phases and Baoyuan Decoction, suggesting derivation from Wei's *Xinjian*, not a Zhengtong-era original. Qiyan's account is likely unreliable. Sun Yikui's *Douzhen Xinyin* and Zhu Yilin's *Zhidou Dacheng Ji* cite its theories, placing it in the Jia/Wan period.

[Anonymous] *Yulin Zhishi Michuan Douzhen Yusu* (Secret Transmission of Jade Marrow of Smallpox and Measles from Yulin Zhishi), 2 volumes, extant.

*Zhidou Sanfa* (Three Methods for Treating Smallpox), 1 volume, not seen.

*Xiao'er Douke* (Pediatric Smallpox Department), 1 volume, not seen.
Note: The above two appear in Danshengtang Bibliography.

[Lu Xian] *Douzhen Zhengzhi Yaojue* (Essential Principles of Smallpox and Measles Syndromes and Treatment), 5 volumes, extant.

[Ding Feng] *Douke Yujian Ji* (Jade Box Collection of Pediatric Smallpox), 8 volumes, extant.
Cai Yulan's Postscript: Mr. Ding of Zhuxi studied for civil service exams with great ambitions to serve the state. Failing to gain prominence, he turned to medicine to benefit beings. He noted smallpox kills most due to medication errors. He focused on it for 30 years, learning from masters near and far, studying Huang Long's medical manuals, reading late into the night. He truly understood smallpox. In spring of the Renwu year, he saved a dying patient in the capital with secret methods. I requested his secrets. He reviewed Huang Long's old works, then revealed six "Heart Formulas" including Black Tongue treatments, which were not in any book. He laughed, saying it was his "mind-draft." I realized his true method lay here. Like Hui and Jitong, we shared this. He allowed publication in *Yujian Ji*. I urged him with the spirit of *Huoren Xin*. He agreed. Printed in summer of Renwu year by student Cai Yulan of Fengcheng County, Jiangxi.
Note: *Jiangning Prefecture Gazetteer* attributes this to Ding Yi. It plagiarizes Huang Lian's *Douzhen Quanshu*. Vol. 8 adds Long Gong's six maxims, offering no new insights.

[Guan] *Baochi Quanshu* (Complete Book for Protecting Infants), 2 volumes, extant.
Shen Yaozhong's Preface: The *Book of Documents* says: "Protect the infant like this." What does it mean? An infant's heart is pure sincerity. If we protect people with this heart, we become their parents. Though all under heaven is one, "protecting" implies distinction. Medical texts aim to protect both infants and people. Reading *Suwen*, I see medicine is profound. Danxi and Dongyuan's works are complete, but lack detail on smallpox. In leisure, I visited Scholar Guan and obtained his manuscripts. I ordered physicians to collate and print them. They can protect infants, officials, tomb guardians, and people everywhere. Hence named *Baochi Quanshu*. Written on an auspicious day in mid-summer of the Yiyi year of the Wanli era by Shen Yaozhong, Jinshi, Wulin Lang, from Jiahe, at Yangchun Hall.
Nie Shanggeng comments: Recently, student Guan compiled *Baochi Quanshu* with detailed smallpox formulas. However, he is broad but not precise, lacking deep understanding. His discussions on Qi/Blood/cold/heat are mixed and confused. His prescriptions are often rash and inappropriate. Wise users may refer to them; ignorant users will err. I fear it confuses rather than helps the world.

[Zhu Huiming] *Douzhen Chuanxin Lu* (Record of Mind Transmission on Smallpox and Measles), 19 volumes, extant.
Zhu Fengxiang's Preface: My relative Jichuan had deep insight. After mastering Confucianism, he abandoned it, seeing no utility in old robes compared to other paths. He sought to be like Bian Que. He searched Huangdi-Neijing texts, focusing on "Aphonia Department" (Pediatrics/Infants who cannot speak). He felt this department held deep meaning: "Aphonia" signifies silence. Diseases of the voiceless arise naturally; treatments should not rely solely on form. Common doctors fail here. Jichuan found the "Mind" beyond books. Sitting in meditation, he found nothing until Mr. Wang came from Yunjian, sparking enlightenment: "The Mind is here." Testing his skills, he resolved cases effortlessly. Many in his clan and village gained longevity. Jichuan became famous in Wu. He recorded trials in diaries. Gentlemen wrote prefaces, and it was printed as *Chuanxin* (Mind Transmission). Jichuan received mind from Qiyun, who received it from Xuming. I do not know Xuming. I title this with my words.
Zang Maozhong's Biography: Mr. Jichuan, surname Zhu, name Wei Huiming, is the 14th-generation descendant of Kaoting (Zhu Xi). His father served in Changxing, moving the family there. Generations practiced Confucianism. Failed exams, he pondered: Confucians clarify Mind Learning to benevolize the world. He sought to preserve life's vitality. He searched Bian Que, Lu Bian, Cang Gong texts, specializing in pediatrics. Adjusting Yin/Yang and deficiency/excess, his herbal precision hit 10 out of 10 times. He said: This is still treating with formulas. Infants' diseases are natural...