Library

[Anonymous "Jinchuang Chong" Formula] Recorded in the Han Dynasty as thirty volumes, now lost.
Fu Qian stated: The pronunciation is "HT", meaning to pull or guide ("HT").
Yan Shigu stated: This is a disease affecting children. The character "Chong" is pronounced with the reverse cut of "Chong Zhi"; the character " " is pronounced with the reverse cut of "Zi Yong".

[Hua Tuo's "Waike Fang"] Listed in "Yicang Mulu", volume count missing, original text not seen.

[Liu Juanzi's "Guiyi Fang"] (Recorded as "Nanfang" in *New Book of Tang*, and as "Guilun" in *Song History*, both are errors.) Recorded in Sui Dynasty as ten volumes, now missing.
Sui Zhi annotation states: Authored by Gong Qingxuan.
Gong Qingxuan's preface states: In the late Jin Dynasty, Liu Juanzi was shooting arrows in the suburbs of Danyang when he suddenly saw an object, approximately two zhang high. Upon hitting it, it emitted sounds like thunder and lightning, resembling wind and rain. He dared not pursue it that night. At dawn the next day, leading several disciples and sons, he followed the tracks to the foot of the mountain. There he saw a child carrying a jar and asked where he was going. The child replied, "My master was shot by Liu Juanzi; I am fetching water to wash his wound." Gong then asked, "Who is your master?" The child answered, "It is Huangfu Gui (Yellow Father Ghost)." Gong took the child back to the gate, where they heard the sound of pounding medicine. Looking from afar, they saw three figures: one reading a book, one pounding medicine, and one lying down. They shouted and rushed forward, causing all three to flee, leaving behind a scroll of formulas for treating carbuncles and sores, along with a mortar of medicine. At that time, he was participating in Emperor Wu of Song's northern campaign. When applied to injured soldiers, the wounds healed immediately. Commentators said, "Medicine created by sages is assisted by heaven; this is a divine gift bestowed upon Emperor Wu." Liu Juanzi used these formulas to treat patients, succeeding in nearly every case without error. He expanded and organized them into ten volumes, naming it *Guiyi Fang* (Ghost's Legacy). (The previous edition omitted nine characters starting from "Yan wei"; this has been corrected based on *Taiping Yulan*.) Coincidentally, my great-uncle Liu Juanzi sent me a letter detailing this event, along with a scroll of formulas. The formulas were written on thin paper from Danyang, and the handwriting remains extant. My family has generations of experience in preparing this formula, but I did not inherit it. His grandson, Daoqing, was my close neighbor with exceptional friendship. On his deathbed, he told me of the divine formula at home, noting his son was too young and the formula would not be passed on unless to the right person. I studied the scrolls to diagnose conditions and discern drug properties, intending to transmit it. As I also had an interest in medical arts, I accepted it without hesitation. Having possessed this formula for five years, all treated cases have recovered, truly proving its miraculous efficacy under heaven. The formulas originally sent by the Liu family to the Gong family were handwritten and disordered. I have arranged them in order and categorized them to form this volume, circulating it locally. May those with insight use it for prevention. Written on the fifth day of the fifth month, Ji Mao year of the Yongyuan era, Qi Dynasty.

Gong Daoqing stated: Wang's grandmother Liu possessed this *Gui Fang*. Daoqing's ancestors inherited it and treated patients strictly according to the formulas, never failing. Uncle-grandfather Liu Juanzi and his brothers copied it themselves, claiming lack of paper and using Danyang "Lu" paper instead. In the 19th year of Yonghe, their wealth was not poor, so why no paper? Hence the special choice. (Gu Xiu notes: Yonghe only lasted twelve years, and is far removed from the time of Emperor Wu of Song; suspect it is an error for "Yuanyuan".)

*Book of Song: Biographies of the Imperial Clan* records: Zunkao's father, Liu Juanzi, served as Inspector of Pengcheng.

Qian Zeng stated: *Liu Juanzi Guiyi Fang* consists of five volumes. Liu Juanzi's origin is unknown. In the late Jin Dynasty, he shot an object in the suburbs of Danyang, etc. This book is extremely rare and secret, seldom seen by collectors. Additionally, there is a single volume titled *Liu Juanzi Zhi Yongju Shenxian Yilun* (Divine Legacy on Treating Carbuncles and Sores), which is also a Song dynasty manuscript copy, similar to this one. Both should be recorded separately with copies for reference.

[*Shenxian Yilun*] Recorded in Song Dynasty as ten volumes, now missing.
Chen Zhensun stated: *Liu Juanzi Shenxian Yilun* comprises ten volumes, compiled by Li , Governor of Dongshu. According to *Zhongxing Shumu* citing *Chongwen Zongmu*: It was authored by Gong Qingxuan of the Song Dynasty. Liu Juanzi was a person from the late Jin Dynasty who obtained a scroll of *Guiyi Fang* in Danyang County, containing methods for treating carbuncles and sores. Qingxuan obtained it and arranged it. Checking the Tang Dynasty bibliography, there is *Gong Qingxuan Liu Juanzi Nanfang* in ten volumes; it is unclear if this is the same book. Some editions have only one plate or a few lines per volume, nominally ten volumes, but actually containing little content.

[Gan Junzhi's "Yongju Budang Zabing Jiyuan"] Recorded in Sui Dynasty as three volumes, lost.
["Liao Yongju Jinchuang Yaofang"] Recorded in Sui Dynasty as fourteen volumes, lost.
["Liao Yongju Duwan Zabing Fang"] Recorded in Sui Dynasty as three volumes, lost.
[Gan Boqi's "Liao Yongju Jinchuang Fang"] Recorded in Sui Dynasty as fifteen volumes (Tang records say twelve volumes), lost.
[Anonymous "Yongju Lun Fang"] Recorded in Sui Dynasty as one volume, lost.
[*Liao Jing*] Recorded in Sui Dynasty as one volume, lost.
["Liao Sanshiliu Fang"] Recorded in Sui Dynasty as one volume, lost.
[Qin Zhengying's "Liao Yongju Zhu Chuang Fang"] Recorded in Sui Dynasty as two volumes, lost.
[Yu Yi's "Zuan Liao Yongju Yaojue"] (Song records title it *Guang Yongju Yaojue*) Recorded in Tang Dynasty as one volume, lost.
[*Chuangzhong Lun*] Recorded in Tang Dynasty as one volume, lost.
Zheng Qiao stated: Authored by Yu Yi, an official in the Western Zhou Military Command during the Tang Dynasty.
Qian Tong stated: *Chongwen Zongmu* lists *Chuangzhong Lun*, one volume, authored by Yu Yi. I examined *Tongzhi Lue*, which attributes it to "Jie Yu Yi", which is incorrect.
According to the annotation for Wuxiang Liaoqiao Tang in the Carbuncle and Sore section of *Qianjin Fang*: "Yaoji Yu Yi has [Huang ], Licorice, and Mirabilite, each six fen." Based on this, the term "Shiji" in *Yiwenuelue* should be read as "Yaoji". This appears to be an official title. *Book of Tang: Treatise on Officials* states: "In the Military Command headquarters, there is one Fuzhi Official, one Yaoji, and one Zhu Yao Qinshi." Furthermore, *Yiwenzhi* lists Jiang Chengzong's edited *Xiyaoyong* in three volumes, annotated as "Fengxiang Military Command Yaoji", which confirms this.

[Shen Taizhi's "Yongju Lun"] Recorded in Tang Dynasty as two volumes, lost.
[Lin Daozhe's "Xianshou Lishang Xuduan Fang"] Four volumes, extant.
Anonymous preface states: This formula originated in the Hui Chang period of the Tang Dynasty. A wandering monk built a thatched hut in Zhong Village, Yichun. He looked very ancient, aged between 140 and 150 years. He bought a few mu of land to cultivate millet for sustenance. An old man named Peng often visited his hut, and they became very close. Sometimes Peng helped him farm. One day, Peng's son climbed a tree to cut branches, fell, broke his neck, and dislocated his arm, groaning incessantly. Peng complained to the Daoist. The Daoist examined him, ordered the purchase of several herbs, prepared them personally, and administered them. Soon the pain subsided, and within days he recovered fully. Only then did people realize the Daoist could practice medicine. Seekers increased, and the Daoist grew weary. He gave the formula to Peng, instructing him to prepare it for others, swearing that it should not be taken lightly, sold cheaply, or given to unworthy persons. Thus, those treating injuries followed Peng's lineage. When Peng first met the Daoist, he was about thirty; now old, his demeanor remained unchanged. Asked his name, he said "Lin Daozhe". Asked his surname, he said he was from Chang'an. Initially, the Daoist kept to himself, rarely receiving visitors. Only Mr. Deng would visit on clear spring or autumn days, bringing his child and wine. The Daoist hung a gourd ladle on the wall; when Deng arrived, he would take it to pour wine. Peng would also drink when he met him. The two talked and laughed until sunset. Drunk, they would sing loudly: "Learning to manage the world, learning to manage the world, becomes useless. Joy in the mountains, joy in the mountains, soil is good for plowing. Gourd ladle has wine, sharing with you. Drunk lying in the thatched hut, who wakes me? Suddenly hearing twin doves and cranes in the pine shade. Rising as the sun penetrates the thin forest." Peng, being simple, did not understand the lyrics, but listened carefully and learned the tune. He would sing it to others at home, who did not comprehend it. After a long time, Mr. Deng stopped coming. Peng heard the Daoist had "ascended to immortality" (died). Peng remained confused. Later, the Observation Commissioner of Jiangxi traveled to Yuanzhou, heard Peng singing, found it strange, questioned him about the lyrics, and learned the Daoist's name. He sent someone with Peng to invite the Daoist. Upon arrival, the Daoist had left, leaving only the ladle. The commissioner regretted this greatly. Since Peng had obtained various formulas for treating injuries, the village was renamed "Gong" Village. The Daoist had several manuscripts, but this was merely the last volume.

[Anonymous "Yongju Lun"] Listed in *Chongwen Zongmu* as three volumes, lost.
[Zhi Xuan's "Fabei Lun"] Listed in *Chongwen Zongmu* as one volume, lost.
[Bai Cen's "Fabei Lun"] Listed in *Chongwen Zongmu* as ten volumes (*Tongzhi Lue* and *Song Shi* list one volume), lost.
Li Zhao stated: Bai Cen once met a supernatural being who transmitted a formula for Fabei (back carbuncle), which was ten times effective. Bai Cen peddled it for profit. Later, Gao Shi, the Junior Military Commissioner of Huainan, coerced him to surrender the formula, but it proved ineffective. Bai Cen was eaten by a tiger in Jiujiang. The post station clerk collected his belongings and found the true original. Wang Shengzhi of Taiyuan copied and circulated it. (From *Guoshi Bu*)

[Bo Li Translated "Tunzi Tiezhong Fang"] (*Tongzhi Lue* records "Tang Bochi Boli translated by imperial decree") Listed in *Chongwen Zongmu* as one volume, lost.
[Anonymous "Luoli Fang"] Listed in *Chongwen Zongmu* as one volume, lost.
["Liao Xiaoe Dan Fa"] Listed in *Tongzhi Lue* as one volume, lost.
[Xing Yuanbu's "Yongju Lun"] (Song annotation notes "Xie" as variant for "Zhu") Listed in Song Dynasty as one volume, lost.
[Xu Mengfu's "Waike Jiufa Lun Cui Xinshu"] Listed in Song Dynasty as one volume, lost.
[Wang Qu's "Jingxiao Yongju Fang"] Listed in Song Dynasty as one volume, lost.
Self-preface states: In the fourth month of summer in the Yuan year, while serving in the capital, I developed a carbuncle on my back. I summoned imperial physicians to treat it. After a month, the condition worsened. I received Zhang Sheng from Xiao County, Xuzhou, who applied moxibustion to the sore. From morning to evening, he performed 150 moxa cones. Treatment ceased only when the patient felt pain. The next day, black scabs were removed with tweezers, pus and blood drained completely, skin texture turned red, and pain ceased. Medication was applied separately, changed daily. During changes, black rotting flesh was trimmed. Within a month, the wound healed. That spring and summer, seven officials in the capital suffered from carbuncles; I alone survived. Although this may be attributed to destiny, proper care is essential. Those who died due to ignorance of treatment methods are lamentable. Thus, I compiled the formulas I had acquired, had them printed, and distributed them to others, hoping to honor the ancients' intent to help the masses. Dated March, Shaosheng 3rd Year. (From *Banshi Fang*)

[Hu Quan's "Zhi Yongju Nongdu Fang"] Listed in Song Dynasty as one volume, lost.
[Shi Yuan's "Zhi Beichuang Fang"] Listed in Song Dynasty as one volume, lost.
Shi Yuan's preface states: In my youth, after completing my studies, I knew nothing of medicine. In the Ji Xu year, returning home from the Imperial Academy to visit my parents, the Imperial Physician Chang Yingshi Qizhi happened to be in the prefecture. I sought a diagnosis for my mother. He said, "Internal heat accumulation causes thirst." At that time, neither mother nor son drank much, only slightly preferring water. He added, "Just beware of sores appearing. Once noticed, apply moxibustion. If heat is severe, use 'Five-Flower Moxibustion'." (Meaning moxa is applied to the center and surrounding areas, following the redness, not fixed points.) Remember this well. By the 15th day of the sixth month in the Xin Si year, my mother suddenly reported slight itching between her shoulder blades. Inspection revealed a half-cun red patch with white grains like millet seeds. Recalling Qizhi's words, I urgently applied moxa, and the redness subsided. Thus, I stopped after 14 cones. Two nights later, slight pain returned. Inspection showed redness spreading downwards, two cun long and broad as a leek leaf. The family was unaware and regretted the previous moxibustion. Relatives criticized, asking how fire could be used for redness and heat. Some slandered Qizhi. An external doctor was called, who applied a plaster. After another day and night, a new ring appeared. By the 22nd day, it spanned six to seven cun horizontally and vertically. Pain was unbearable, with occasional groans, heartbreaking to hear. In panic, I sought advice. Someone mentioned Nun Zhiquan of Dengci Temple, who had cured a large sore with moxibustion. I ran to ask. Zhiquan said, "When severe, the patient is unconscious. I only heard junior nuns say Fan Bayi Fengyi (son of Zhongxuan) persisted with over 800 moxa cones before waking. About one sieve of moxa was used." I hurriedly reported this to my family, who agreed. We started using ginkgo nuts as moxa cones. Dozens were applied to the top, causing little pain. Then we applied cones to the sides, extinguishing three-quarters, which caused pain. After seven cones, itching was felt. With each cone burning out, the redness receded. After over 30 cones, the red ring faded. The patient believed, so we shaped moxa into plum and apricot sizes, applying them gradually increasing to chicken egg yolk size. About 40 cones were used before pain was felt. The burned area was over one cun deep. This was because treatment was delayed; the initial tissue had already necrosed. Necrotic tissue blocks sensation; pain is only felt when healthy tissue is reached. Pain in the sides indicated tissue was not yet necroted. Another account:
A Pan Dianzhi lived south of the city. His ointments were always effective. I bowed and invited him to consult. It was already dusk, and heat filled the back. Pan tested the distance from the sore with his hand, saying, "The sore is elevated and hot, which is acceptable." (He added, "What is feared is low elevation with little heat.") The patient ate porridge and slept peacefully (having not slept for six nights prior). At dawn, the sore resembled an inverted bowl, protruding three to four cun high, with hundreds of small pores, jet black. According to *Qianjin Fang* and Pan's description of "elevation", sudden elevation indicates toxin gathering outwardly; hundreds of pores indicate toxin floating and attacking the skin surface; jet black color indicates necrosis of both skin and flesh. Without moxibustion to expel toxin from within the necrotic tissue, the five viscera would be compromised. Only then did I understand the Mingtang diagram and the drawing by Yanluozi showing the five viscera hanging on the back. Now toxin travels between muscle layers; waiting for external rupture makes the interior empty and exterior full. Emptiness allows entry, fullness hinders exit. This is obvious. Yet, listening to quack doctors using common cooling pastes for red swelling to dissipate it is like lending weapons to bandits. I deeply blamed myself for not knowing medicine as a son, causing my parent's critical illness. Grateful for divine protection in the crisis, learning that moxibustion saved us from danger, how can I repay this grace? I will detail the efficacy of moxibustion, along with famous doctors' discussions and elders' teachings, standard treatments, and nursing precautions, to inform future generations. Hopefully, this expands the sages' intent to save lives and inspires filial piety, expressing gratitude for my mother's survival. Dated Shangyuan Day, Renwu Year, by Shi Yuan of Yingchang.

[Dingzhai Jushi's "Wuzhi Fang"] Listed in Song Dynasty as one volume, lost.
[Song Lin's "Dandu Beijifang"] Listed in Song Dynasty as three volumes, lost.
[Anonymous "Yongju Fang"] Listed in Song Dynasty as one volume, lost.
[Anonymous "Zhi Fabei Echuang Neibu Fang"] Listed in Song Dynasty as one volume, lost.
[Anonymous "Weiji Baoshu"] Listed in Song Dynasty as one volume, not seen.
Chen Zhensun stated: *Weiji Baoshu*, one volume, authored by Dongxuan Jushi, name unknown. It is a formula book for treating carbuncles and sores.
*Synopsis of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries* states: *Weiji Baoshu*, two volumes, traditionally attributed to Dongxuan Jushi, name unknown. Chen Zhensun's *Shulu Jieti* and *Song Shi Yiwenzhi* list it as one volume. No copies existed in the world for a long time; only fragments remain in *Yongle Dadian*, along with an original preface stating, "My family possesses twenty-two articles on carbuncle and sore theories, complete with illustrations, suitable for endless transmission. Hence recorded as *Family Transmission Weiji Baoshu*." The preface details the origin of the formulas and claims annotations are concise and accurate. Thus, the book compiles experienced old formulas, with annotations added by Dongxuan Jushi. Another preface by Dong Lian records obtaining the book from his wife's Wang family, mentioning the Qiandao era, indicating Dongxuan Jushi lived before Emperor Xiaozong, though his name remains unknown. Xu Wenli merely corrected and published it; his postscript mentions compiling various treatments into one book, reflecting the vulgar practice of selling fame and deceiving the world, which is unreliable. The book begins with theoretical questions and answers, supposedly transmitted to Master Gaoshan Bulao, a claim considered absurd and unverifiable. However, the analysis is subtle and profound, implying genuine transmission. Subsequent sections list formulas with diagrams, detailing herb preparation and acupuncture pros/cons, offering insights unseen by later practitioners. Carefully preserving the original text, it is divided into upper and lower volumes for medical reference. Sections on breast abscesses and soft boils are placed at the end for categorization.

[Li Xun's "Jiyan Beijufang"] Listed in *Shulu Jieti* as one volume, not seen.
Li Xun's preface states: Ask farmers about farming, ask maids about knowledge. Specialization is valuable. Knowledge gained through hearsay is rejected by ancients. My family has been renowned for Confucian scholarship since antiquity, producing scholars and officials continuously. I continue this tradition in medicine, aiming to benefit humanity, with no ulterior motives. I despise those who hoard formulas selfishly. Scholars often share family formulas freely. Physicians with specialties demand bribes to reveal them, testing them before use. Knowing their efficacy, I give formulas freely to patients without hesitation, practicing tirelessly. Inheriting this spirit for two generations, I focused especially on Beijufang (Back Carbuncle), a disease feared by many physicians. I tested it on peasants, then wealthy families, and finally offered it to high officials, verifying its efficacy like a contract seal. I desired to compile it for posterity but hesitated due to lack of specialization. Now, prompted by virtuous scholars asking earnestly for wider dissemination, I admire their benevolent intent, surpassing mere collectors. Reluctantly accepting, I compiled my experienced formulas, clarified symptoms, detailed origins, drug sequences, preparation methods, patient care, and dietary taboos. Though humble and verbose, relying on oral transmission risks error, endangering lives and inviting karmic retribution. Thus, I wrote this without shame. Readers should study and reflect carefully. Traveling widely, I gained more famous formulas, sharing them to warn against ignorance. This fulfills my ambition and the gentleman's virtue of sharing good news. Dated Mid-Month of the 10th Lunar Month, Youmu Year of Qingyuan Era, by Li Xun Silì of Suijiang. (From *Waike Jingyao*)

Chen Zhensun stated: *Li Shi Jiyan Beijufang*, one volume, authored by Li Xun Silì of Quanjiang. Contains 52 items, with detailed and appropriate discussions.

*Synopsis of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries* states: *Jiyan Beijufang*, one volume, authored by Song Dynasty's Li Xun. Li Xun, courtesy name Silì, was from Quanzhou, served as Grand Court Reviewer, and was famous for medicine. Listed in Chen Zhensun's *Shulu Jieti* as 53 items, with detailed discussions. Ma Duanlin's *Jingji Kao* also lists it but attributes it to Li Yi, contradicting *Shulu Jieti*. Examining the current text, Guo Yingxiang's preface confirms Silì's name is Xun, so *Tongkao* is erroneous. Back carbuncles are severe; quacks steal formulas or misuse knives/needles, ignoring etiology, morphology, drug sequence, and taboos. Most patients die. Li Xun's work includes theoretical discussions before formulas, analyzing deficiency/excess and treatment principles meticulously, making it clear to readers. Formulas like Wuxiang Liaoqiao Tang, Neibu Shixuan San, Jiaoliao Shiquan Tang, Jiajian Bawei Wan, and Lixiao San are pure and flawless, worthy of praise. Ren Dong Wan and the Divine Formula for Breast Abscess/Back Carbuncle use only Honeysuckle Flower, easy to obtain and highly effective, especially beneficial for remote areas or poor families unable to afford complex medicines. Truly an excellent text in surgery.