变法者。言与仲景之法不同。方论中各有权变也。娄全善着医学纲目。于伤寒一门独详。第中寒一证。亦溷杂
而莫辩。就其中。每条之下。以仲景居前。后贤续法附之。变法者。与续法之义本同。古今诸家有如朱奉议。庞安
时。崔文行。杨登父。王海藏云岐子。王朝奉。韩祗和。朱丹溪。戴元礼。吴仁斋辈。各有方论。然皆互相祖述。
辅翼仲景之书者也。愚因不揣固陋。纂集其说。合为一卷。仍以仲景目之云尔。
活人书问阴证。答曰。太阴少阴厥阴。皆属阴证也。太阴者。脾也。少阴者。肾也。厥阴者。肝也。何谓太阴证。
太阴脾之经。主胸膈 胀。甲乙经云。邪生于阳者。得之风雨寒暑。邪中于阴者。得之饮食居处。阴阳喜怒。又曰。贼
风虚邪者。阳受之。饮食不节。起居不时者。阴受之。阳受之。则入腑。阴受之。则入脏。入六腑。则身热不时卧。（一
本无卧字。）上为喘呼。入五脏。则 满闭塞。下为飧泄。久为肠 。何谓少阴证。少阴肾之经。主脉微细。心烦。但
欲寐。或自利而渴。又问经云。一二日。少阴病者。何也。答曰。谓国中病时。腠理寒。便入阴经。不经三阳也。盖寒
气入太阳经即发热而恶寒。入少阴经。只恶寒而不发热也。三阴中寒。微则理中汤。稍厥。或中寒下利。即干姜甘草汤。
大段重者。用四逆汤。无脉者。用通脉四逆汤也。何谓厥阴证。厥阴肝之经。主消渴。气上冲。心中疼热。饥不欲食。
食则吐蛔。下之。利不止也。若阴气独盛。阳气暴绝。则为阴毒。其证四肢逆冷。脐腹筑痛。身如被杖。脉沉疾。或吐
或利。当急灸脐下。服以辛热之药。令阳气复。而大汗解矣。古人云。辛甘发散为阳。谓桂枝甘草干姜附子之类。能复
其阳也。微用辛甘。甚则用辛热。若阴极发躁。阴证似阳。学人当以脉别之。
琥按上论云。邪中于阴者。得之饮食居处。阴阳喜怒。又云饮食不节。起居不时。阴受之。阴受之则入脏。入五脏。
则腹满闭塞。下为飧泄。久为肠 。可见太阴中寒。有饮食劳倦内伤一条。所以东垣起而云内伤极多。外伤间而有之。
补中益气等汤所由立也。至少阴中寒。谓国中病时。腠理寒。便入阴经。不经三阳。止恶寒而不发热者。全是外伤。然
亦由肾虚无火所致。至厥阴中寒。阴气独盛。阳气暴绝。四肢逆冷。脐腹筑痛。身如被杖。脉沉疾。或吐或利。此寒邪
乘虚深入于里。命在呼吸。最为危急之证。其用干姜甘草四逆通脉等汤。及灸脐下法。已见前二卷仲景论中。又理中汤。
本仲景治霍乱方也。谨采附后。
琥又按阴证不可发汗。上论云。服以辛热之药令阳气复而大汗解者。非以辛热之药大发其汗。乃病者阴阳气和。自
然得汗而解之意。
Method of Variation refers to treatment methods that differ from those of Zhang Zhongjing. In the discussion of prescriptions, there are various adaptations and modifications. Lou Quanshan authored *Yixue Gangmu* (Outline of Medical Science), providing particularly detailed discussions on Shaoyang diseases. However, within this category, the syndrome of "Zhong Han" (Cold Strike) is mixed and indistinct, making it difficult to distinguish. Therefore, under each clause, he placed Zhang Zhongjing's original text first, followed by the supplementary methods of later generations. The meaning of "Method of Variation" is essentially the same as "Supplementary Methods." Various physicians throughout history, such as Zhu Fengyi, Pang Anshi, Cui Wenxing, Yang Dengfu, Wang Haizhang (courtesy name Yunqizi), Wang Chaofeng, Han Zhihe, Zhu Danxi, Dai Yuanli, Wu Renzhai, and others, each had their own prescription discussions. Yet, all of them mutually inherited from one another to assist and elucidate Zhang Zhongjing's works. Presuming my own limitations and lack of profound knowledge, I have compiled these theories into a single volume, still attributing them under the banner of Zhang Zhongjing, so to speak.
In *Huo Ren Shu* (Book for Saving People), a question is asked: What is Yin Syndrome? The answer is: Taiyin Disease, Shaoyin Disease, and Jueyin Disease all belong to Yin Syndromes. Taiyin corresponds to the Spleen; Shaoyin corresponds to the Kidney; Jueyin corresponds to the Liver. What is Taiyin Syndrome? The Taiyin Spleen Meridian primarily governs distension in the chest and diaphragm. *Jia Yi Jing* states: Pathogenic factors arising from the Yang aspect result from wind, rain, cold, and heat; pathogenic factors invading the Yin aspect result from improper diet and living habits, as well as emotional fluctuations (Joy, Anger, etc.). It further states: Treacherous winds and empty evils are received by the Yang meridians; irregular diet and untimely rest are received by the Yin meridians. When received by the Yang meridians, the pathogen enters the Fu organs; when received by the Yin meridians, it enters the Zang organs. Entering the Six Fu organs leads to fever and inability to lie still continuously (some versions omit the character "lie"). Upward, it manifests as panting and calling out; entering the Five Zang organs leads to abdominal fullness and obstruction, downward manifesting as undigested food diarrhea (Sun Xie). If prolonged, it develops into Chang Pi (dysentery/intestinal inflammation). What is Shaoyin Syndrome? The Shaoyin Kidney Meridian primarily governs a faint and thin pulse, mental restlessness (Fan Xin), and a desire only to sleep (Dan Yu Mei). There may also be spontaneous diarrhea accompanied by thirst. Another question asks: Why does the classic state that Shaoyin disease appears within one or two days? The answer is: This refers to contracting illness during cold weather, where the interstices (Cou Li) are chilled, causing the pathogen to enter the Yin meridians directly without passing through the Three Yang meridians. Cold qi entering the Taiyang Meridian causes fever and aversion to cold; entering the Shaoyin Meridian causes only aversion to cold without fever. For Cold Strike in the Three Yin meridians: if mild, use Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction); if slightly presenting with cold extremities or cold strike leading to diarrhea, use Ganjiang Gancao Tang (Dried Ginger and Licorice Decoction); if severe, use Sini Tang (Counterflow Decoction); if there is no pulse, use Tongmai Sini Tang (Pulse-Resuscitating Counterflow Decoction). What is Jueyin Syndrome? The Jueyin Liver Meridian primarily governs Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting), Qi rushing upward, pain and burning sensation in the heart, hunger without desire to eat, vomiting of roundworms after eating, and uncontrollable diarrhea if purgatives are misused. If Yin Qi alone becomes excessive and Yang Qi suddenly perishes, it forms Yin Du (Yin Toxin). Symptoms include cold extremities, severe stabbing pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions, body pain as if beaten by a stick, deep and rapid pulse, or vomiting and diarrhea. One should urgently moxa below the navel and administer acrid-hot medicines to restore Yang Qi, leading to resolution through profuse sweating. Ancients stated: Acrid and Sweet substances disperse and belong to Yang, referring to herbs like Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Gancao (Licorice), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), and Fuzi (Aconite Root), which can restore Yang Qi. Mild cases use Acrid-Sweet herbs; severe cases use Acrid-Hot herbs. If Yin reaches its extreme causing agitation, or if Yin Syndrome mimics Yang Syndrome, practitioners must differentiate via pulse diagnosis.
Hu notes: The above discourse states that pathogenic factors invading the Yin aspect result from improper diet and living habits, as well as emotional fluctuations. It also states that irregular diet and untimely rest are received by the Yin meridians; receiving by the Yin meridians means entering the Zang organs. Entering the Five Zang organs leads to abdominal fullness and obstruction, downward manifesting as undigested food diarrhea, and if prolonged, into Chang Pi. Thus, it is evident that Taiyin Zhong Han includes the etiology of internal injury due to diet and overwork. Hence, Li Dongyuan arose to claim that internal injuries are very common, while external injuries occur occasionally, leading to the establishment of formulas such as Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). Regarding Shaoyin Zhong Han, it is said that during cold weather, chilled interstices cause direct entry into Yin meridians without passing through the Three Yang, presenting only with aversion to cold and no fever. This is entirely an external contraction. However, it is also caused by Kidney Deficiency lacking Fire. As for Jueyin Zhong Han, with Yin Qi dominating and Yang Qi suddenly perishing, presenting with cold extremities, severe abdominal pain, body pain as if beaten, deep rapid pulse, or vomiting/diarrhea, this indicates cold pathogens penetrating deeply into the interior due to deficiency. Life hangs in the balance, representing a critical emergency. The use of Ganjiang Gancao Tang, Sini Tang, Tongmai Sini Tang, and moxibustion below the navel has already been seen in the previous two volumes of Zhang Zhongjing's discourses. Additionally, Lizhong Tang was originally Zhang Zhongjing's formula for treating Huoluan (Cholera-like disorder). I respectfully collect and append it here.
Hu further notes: Yin Syndromes should not be treated with sweating methods. The above discourse mentions that administering acrid-hot medicines restores Yang Qi, leading to resolution through natural sweating. This does not mean using acrid-hot medicines to induce massive sweating, but rather that the patient's Yin and Yang Qi harmonize, resulting in natural sweating and recovery.