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Qian Yi's prescriptions are the ancestors of pediatric formulas, and their principles are excellent. If physicians can adhere to them and make appropriate modifications, they will invariably be effective. In treating miscellaneous diseases in children, many of the medicinal materials used are the same as those for adults; however, dosages must not be excessive. This point is therefore not elaborated upon here. Infants who are still nursing often suffer from damp-heat. Diseases caused by food stagnation, phlegm-heat, or damage from milk intake generally involve the Liver and Spleen most frequently. Children are prone to anger, so Liver disorders are the most common, based on the principle that "the Liver is always in excess, while the Kidney is always deficient." There are two main causes of disease: overfeeding and overheating. Children are susceptible to cold in winter and heat in summer.

While in the womb, the infant accumulates foul substances in the mouth. Immediately after birth, before the first cry, one should quickly wipe the mouth clean with a cotton-wrapped finger, then apply the Licorice method. Do not nurse the newborn immediately. Take a piece of *Gancao* (Licorice Root, *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma*) about one finger-joint long, roast it until crisp, decoct it in two *he* (a traditional unit of volume) of water, and dip it into the infant's mouth. This amount may suffice for a shell-full. The infant should vomit the foul juices from the chest. Afterward, when the infant is hungry and thirsty, administer two more doses, continuing until one *he* has been vomited out. Once the foul juices are expelled, the infant will be healthy and intelligent. On the third day after birth, when the gastrointestinal tract opens, give thick rice water made from polished rice (*Jingmi*, *Oryzae Sativae Semen*). Similar to nursing, start with a bean-sized amount held in the mouth, frequently offering two bean-sized amounts. By six or seven days, solid foods can be introduced. Upon birth, boil one pig gallbladder in five *sheng* (a traditional unit of volume) of water until reduced to four *sheng*. Strain the liquid and use it to bathe the infant to prevent sores and scabies. If the newborn does not drink milk and has no urination, decoct three *he* of breast milk with one inch of green onion white (*Congbai*, *Allii Fistulosi Bulbus*), split into four pieces, using a silver or ceramic vessel until concentrated, and instill it to effect an immediate cure. Seven days after birth, if the infant suddenly suffers from umbilical wind and locked jaw (neonatal tetanus), survival rates are extremely low. At this stage, look for blisters on the tongue resembling millet grains. Wipe them dry with a cloth dipped in warm water and break them open; this brings relief as if by magic. If a membrane like a pomegranate seed is attached to the root of the tongue at birth, preventing speech, it can be severed. There may be slight bleeding; if it does not stop, apply ash from burnt hair. Alternatively, mix alum ash or soot from the bottom of a cauldron with wine and apply topically. If locked jaw occurs ten days after birth, finely grind a small amount of *Niuhuang* (Calculus Bovis, Aetatis Bovis Calculus), mix with a measure equivalent to "one character" (*Yi Zi*) of light bamboo juice (*Zhulv*, *Bambusae Caulis in Taedia*), combine with pig milk and wine, and drip into the mouth. Within the first hundred days, if an infant suffers from wind-cold with nasal congestion that does not respond to oral medication, it is likely due to exposure to wind during bathing. Apply a paste of *Tiannanxing* powder (Arisaematis Rhizoma Preparatum) mixed with ginger juice to the fontanelle; remove it when the nasal congestion subsides.