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Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian: Originates in the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), descends to connect with the Large Intestine, loops back to the cardia of the stomach, pierces the diaphragm, and belongs to the Lung. From the lung system (trachea and throat connected to the lungs), it emerges horizontally into the axilla (Zhongfu, LU1), runs along the anterior aspect of the medial upper arm, passes through the cubital fossa, reaches the Cun Kou (radial pulse), ascends to the Thenar eminence, and terminates at the radial side of the nail root of the thumb. A branch emerges from the wrist (Lieque, LU7) and connects with the index finger, linking to the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. When the meridian is affected, symptoms include wheezing and coughing, lung distension, pain in the supraclavicular fossa, and crossing both hands over the chest indicating Bi-Jue (Arm Reversal). Diseases generated by this meridian involve Qi rebellion with cough, panting, thirst, irritability, fullness and stagnation in the chest and heart, pain along the anterolateral aspect of the arm, frequent urination, and heat in the palm. Qi deficiency manifests as cold pain in the shoulder and back; Qi excess manifests as pain, aversion to wind, and sweating. Other symptoms include yawning, shortness of breath, urinary incontinence or enuresis, and changes in urine color.

Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian: Begins at the radial side of the index finger at Shangyang (LI1), ascends along the finger, passes through Hegu (LI4), between the tendons at the thenar eminence, runs along the anterolateral aspect of the forearm, enters the lateral elbow, follows the lateral aspect of the upper arm to the anterior border of the shoulder near the cervical vertebrae, enters the supraclavicular fossa, connects with the Lung, pierces the diaphragm, and belongs to the Large Intestine. A branch rises from the supraclavicular fossa, enters the neck, obliquely traverses the cheek, enters the lower gums, circles the lips, crosses at Renzhong (GV26), ascends to clamp the nostrils, and pours into Yingxiang (LI20), connecting with the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi and Blood. Meridian disturbances manifest as neck swelling and toothache. Diseases generated include epistaxis, yellow eyes, dry mouth, bi-syndrome of the throat, difficulty using the thumb and index finger, and persistent pain on the lateral side of the shoulder.

Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian: Crosses at the side of the nose, descends along the lateral nose, enters the upper gums, emerges to clamp the mouth and surround Chengjiang (CV24), goes behind the chin to Daying (ST5) and Jiache (ST6), ascends to the hairline at the ear, and reaches the forehead. A branch descends from below Renying (ST9) and the bottom of the supraclavicular fossa, pierces the diaphragm, enters the Stomach, and connects with the Spleen. The straight course descends from the supraclavicular fossa along the inner mammary line. Another branch follows the midline of the abdomen from Youmen (ST15) down to Qichong (ST30), then passes through Biguan (ST31) to the patella, descending to the medial space between the toes of the middle toe. A third branch diverges at Zusanli (ST36) forward to the lateral channel of the middle toe. A fourth branch walks on the foot dorsum to the tip of the big toe, where the meridian ends. This meridian has abundant Qi and Blood. Disturbances manifest as yawning, blackening of the face, aversion to cold and people, palpitations upon hearing wooden sounds, climbing high and singing, discarding clothes and running, and abdominal distension with borborygmi. These are all types of Jue syndrome. Diseases generated include mania, malaria, damp-heat with sweating, epistaxis, cracked lips, throat bi, knee and patella pain, abdominal distension and binding, pain in Ying, Futu, and the lateral aspect of the leg, pain penetrating the foot dorsum and middle toe. Excess leads to rapid digestion and yellow urine; deficiency leads to cold shivering in the anterior body, gastric distension, indigestion, and heat in the anterior body when Qi is excessive.

Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian: Begins at the tip of the big toe, ascends along the medial white flesh margin, posterior to the medial malleolus prominence, along the medial tibia and knee, enters the anterior medial thigh, penetrates the abdomen, belongs to the Spleen, connects with the Stomach, passes through the diaphragm, clamps the pharynx, connects to the tongue root, and scatters under the tongue. A branch diverges from the Stomach and pours into the Heart. This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. Disturbances manifest as food regurgitation immediately after eating, epigastric pain, body pain difficult to move, abdominal distension, belching, and a stiff tongue base, with relief after defecation or passing gas. Diseases generated include tongue pain, heavy body, anorexia, irritability, urgent pain in the epigastrium, watery diarrhea or loose stools, cold malaria, inability to lie down, swelling of thighs and knees when standing forcibly, carbuncles, jaundice, and flaccidity of the big toe.

Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian: Begins in the Heart, descends through the diaphragm to directly connect with the Small Intestine. A branch emerges from the lung system, ascends to the throat, and connects to the eye system. The straight course emerges from the Lung, exits the axilla, follows the posterior medial aspect of the upper arm to Shaohai (HT3), continues along the posterior medial arm to the palm, and pours into Shaochong (HT9) at the ulnar side of the little finger. This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. Disturbances manifest as painful heart and spleen, thirst with desire to drink, and dry throat. Diseases generated include hypochondriac pain, eyes appearing golden-yellow, pain along the posterior medial aspect of the hypochondrium and arm, and heat in the palm, treated by following the meridian.

Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian: Begins at the ulnar side of the little finger at Xiaozhe (SI1), ascends along the lateral hand to the wrist, along the lateral forearm bone emerging from the medial elbow, along the posterior lateral aspect of the upper arm, passes directly over the shoulder joint, winds around the scapula, intersects the shoulder, descends into the supraclavicular fossa, connects with the Heart, follows the esophagus, pierces the diaphragm, reaches the Stomach, and belongs to the Small Intestine. A branch from the supraclavicular fossa ascends the neck, traverses the cheek to the outer canthus, enters the ear; another part emerges from the ear, ascends the cheek, reaches the nose, rises to the inner canthus, and obliquely connects to the zygomatic bone, linking to the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. This meridian has scarce Qi and abundant Blood. Disturbances manifest as sore throat, submandibular swelling preventing turning the head, shoulder pain like being pulled, and elbow pain like being broken. Diseases generated mainly include shoulder pain, deafness, yellow eyes, swollen cheeks, and pain in the posterior lateral aspect of the elbow and arm, requiring careful differentiation of specific locations.

Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian: Begins at the inner canthus, ascends to the zygoma, and reaches the vertex. A branch goes from the vertex to the ear angle; the straight course enters the brain from the vertex, emerges separately to descend the nape, follows the shoulder blades clamping the spine, reaches the waist, enters to connect with the Kidney and belongs to the Bladder. One branch connects with the posterior orifice, penetrates the buttocks, and obliquely enters Weizhong (BL40); another branch separates internally on both sides, penetrates the scapula, clamps the spine, passes the hip pivot, merges with Weizhong on the posterolateral thigh, descends through the medial and lateral malleoli, and reaches the lateral side of the toe below Jinggu (BL64). This meridian has abundant Blood and scarce Qi. Disturbances manifest as unbearable headache, neck pain like pulling, low back pain like breaking, strong thigh pain penetrating the central spine, knotting in the popliteal fossa, and tearing sensation in the calf, known as An-Jue with tendon injury. Diseases generated include malaria, hemorrhoids, useless little toe, vertex pain, yellow eyes, low back and buttock pain extending to the legs, tearing nasal discharge, epistaxis, and epilepsy.

Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian: Belongs to Shaoyin, begins obliquely through Yongquan (KI1) from the sole, below Ran Gu and posterior to the medial malleolus, enters the heel, emerges medially, ascends the medial thigh, penetrates the spine, belongs to the Kidney, and connects with the Bladder. The straight course belongs to the Kidney, penetrates the Liver and Diaphragm, enters the Lung, follows the throat to the tongue root. A branch emerges from the Lung, connects with the Heart, and reaches deep in the chest. This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. Disturbances manifest as hunger without desire to eat, panting, coughing, spitting blood, rhonchi in the throat, restlessness, dirty complexion, blurred vision, insufficient Qi, feeling of hunger in the heart, and constant apprehension. Diseases generated include dry tongue, hot mouth, sore throat, forced Qi, pain in the posterior medial thigh and spine, visceral irritability and pain, carbuncles, flaccidity, Jue syndrome, lethargy, bodily fatigue, and hot painful soles, all constituting Kidney Jue.

Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian: Begins in the chest, belongs to the Pericardium, descends through the diaphragm, and sequentially connects with the Triple Energizer. A branch follows the chest out to the hypochondrium, three cun below the axilla, ascends to the axilla, runs along the medial upper arm between the Hand-Taiyin and Hand-Shaoyin meridians, penetrates the middle finger at Zhongchong (PC9); a branch diverges to connect with the tip of the ring finger. This meridian has scarce Qi and originally abundant Blood. Disturbances manifest as heat in the palm, spasmodic stiffness of the elbow and arm, axillary swelling, chest and hypochondriac fullness and binding, palpitations, excessive laughter, yellow eyes, and red face. Diseases generated include irritability, heart pain, and heat in the palm.

Hand-Shaoyang Triple Energizer Meridian: Begins at the tip of the ring finger, between the two bones at the dorsal wrist, ascends between the two bones of the forearm, emerges posterior-laterally at the elbow, follows the shoulder above, intersects behind the Shaoyang, descends into the supraclavicular fossa, divides at Danzhong, scatters in the Pericardium, and pierces the Diaphragm. A branch from Danzhong and the supraclavicular fossa ascends the neck, behind the ear, rotates at the ear angle, curves down to the chin and cheek; another branch emerges from the ear, enters the anterior ear, crosses from Shangguan to the mandible, and ends at the inner canthus. This meridian has scarce Blood and abundant Qi. Disturbances manifest as tinnitus and swollen bi-syndrome of the throat. Diseases generated include spontaneous sweating, pain behind the ear, outer canthus pain, pain in the shoulder, elbow, and lateral arm, and useless ring and little fingers.

Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian: Begins at the outer canthus, reaches the head, follows the angle down behind the ear, passing Naokong and Fengchi, before the Hand-Shaoyang, to the shoulder, intersecting the upper right supraclavicular fossa of the Shaoyang. A branch goes from behind the ear through the ear to the front, reaching the outer canthus; another branch descends from the outer canthus to Daying, combines with the Hand-Shaoyang at the neck root, descends to Jiache, combines at the supraclavicular fossa, enters the chest, pierces the diaphragm, connects with the Liver, belongs to the Gallbladder, passes through the hypochondrium, descends to the Qichong and pubic region, transversely enters the hip depression at Huantiao; the straight course descends from the supraclavicular fossa to the axilla and chest, passes the costal margin, descends inside the hip depression, emerges at the lateral knee at Yanglingquan (GB34), passes the fibular head and anterior ankle, divides at the foot dorsum between the fourth and fifth toes; a branch diverges from the big toe to the hairline, connecting with the Liver Meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. Disturbances manifest as bitter taste, frequent sighing, painful hypochondrium difficult to turn, dusty face, hot feet, lack of luster. Diseases generated include headache connecting to the outer canthus, swelling and pain in the supraclavicular fossa and axillae, Dao Dao and Jia Ying (scrofula), sweating with chills and malaria, pain from the chest, hypochondrium, thigh, and knee to the calf, pain at the fibular head, ankle, and various joints.

Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian: Ends here, beginning at the hairline cluster of the big toe, dividing at the medial foot dorsum at Taichong (LR3), entering Zhongfeng (LR4) one cun anterior to the ankle, ascending the ankle to cross posterior to the Taiyin, following the medial Yin thigh, surrounding the genitalia to reach the lower abdomen, clamping the Stomach, belonging to the Liver, connecting with the Gallbladder, piercing the diaphragm to distribute in the hypochondrium, clamping the throat, neck, and eye system; the pulse ascends to the vertex to meet the Du Meridian. A branch emerges from the eye system, descends to connect with the cheeks and lips; another branch passes through the diaphragm to connect with the Lung. This meridian has abundant Blood and scarce Qi. Disturbances manifest as lower back pain difficult to bend or extend, hernia in men, lower abdominal swelling in women, dusty face, loss of color, and dry throat. Diseases generated include chest fullness, vomiting, severe diarrhea, difficult urination, occasional enuresis and inguinal hernia, requiring careful clinical observation.