仲景曰。太阳病。发汗后。若大汗出。胃中干。烦躁不眠。其人欲
得饮水者。当稍饮之。令胃中和则愈。
又曰。厥阴病。渴欲饮水者。少少与之愈。
又曰。太阳病。寸缓。关浮。尺弱。其人发热汗出。复恶风寒。不
呕。但心下痞者。此为医下之也。若其不下。病患不恶寒而渴者。为
转属阳明。小便数者。大便则坚。不更衣。十日无所苦也。渴欲饮水。
少少与之。但以法救之。渴者。宜五苓散。
又曰。寸口脉洪而大。数而滑。洪大则营气长。滑数则胃气实。
营气长。则阳盛怫郁。不得出身。胃实则坚难。大便则干燥。三焦闭塞。
津液不通。医发其汗。阳气不周。复重下之。胃燥蓄热。大便遂燥。
小便不利。营卫相搏。心烦发热。两眼如火。鼻干面赤。舌燥。齿
黄焦。故大渴。过经成坏病。针药所不能制。与水灌枯槁。阳气微散。
身寒。温衣覆令汗出。表里通然。其病即除。形脉都不同。此愈非治
法。但医所当慎。妄犯伤营卫。
又曰。呕吐而病在膈上。后思水者解。急与猪苓散。饮水亦得
也。千金亦曰。必思煮饼。急思水者。与五苓散饮之。（余同）
又曰。霍乱而头痛发热。身体疼痛。热多饮水者。属五苓散。
庞氏曰。病患水药入口则吐。或渴而呕者。或汗后脉尚浮而烦
渴者。或下利渴而小便不利者。或呕而小便不利者。五苓散皆主之。
或因渴。停水心下。短息者难治。
又曰。若头痛无热。但狂言。烦躁不安。精神不与人相当。勿以
火导之。但以猪苓散方寸匕服之。当连饮新水三升。即令指刺喉中
吐去之。病随手愈。若不能吐者而强与水。水停则结心下也。当以药
吐之。不尔。更致危病。若当吐。不时以猪苓散吐之。其死殆速矣。亦
可针之佳。水饮膈实难治。此三死一生也。（千金之文）
Zhang Zhongjing stated: In Taiyang disease (disease of the Taiyang channel), after sweating therapy, if excessive sweating occurs causing dryness in the Stomach, accompanied by restlessness and insomnia, when the patient desires to drink water, one should allow them to drink slightly. When the Stomach Qi harmonizes, the condition will resolve.
It is also stated: In Jueyin disease (disease of the Jueyin channel), if the patient is thirsty and desires to drink water, giving small amounts frequently will lead to recovery.
It is also stated: In Taiyang disease, with a slow pulse at the Cun position, floating pulse at the Guan position, and weak pulse at the Chi position. The patient presents with fever, sweating, aversion to wind and cold, no vomiting, but only epigastric fullness and oppression. This results from the physician's erroneous use of purgation. If purgation had not been used, and the patient is not averse to cold but is thirsty, it indicates the disease has transferred to Yangming disease (disease of the Yangming channel or fu-organ excess). Frequent urination leads to hard stools. Even without bowel movement for ten days, there may be no discomfort. If thirsty and desiring water, give small amounts frequently; rescue according to appropriate principles. For thirst, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is indicated.
It is also stated: The pulse at the Cun Kou (radial artery) is surging, large, rapid, and slippery. Surging and large indicate abundant Ying Qi (nutritive Qi); rapid and slippery indicate excess Wei Qi (defensive Qi) in the Stomach. Abundant Ying Qi leads to excess Yang stagnation, preventing proper diffusion. Excess in the Stomach leads to hardness and dry stools. The Sanjiao (Triple Burner) becomes blocked, and body fluids fail to circulate. If the physician induces sweating, Yang Qi fails to circulate fully; subsequent heavy purgation causes dry heat accumulation in the Stomach, making stools even drier. There is difficulty in urination, Ying and Wei Qi contend, causing mental restlessness, fever, eyes burning like fire, dry nose, red face, dry tongue, yellow and scorched teeth, leading to extreme thirst. After passing through meridians, it becomes a Huai Bing (complicated disease due to mismanagement), resistant to acupuncture and herbs. Giving water to a withered state dissipates weak Yang Qi, causing cold limbs; covering with warm clothes to induce slight sweating allows interior and exterior to communicate, resolving the disease. However, the form and pulse are entirely different; this recovery is not a standard treatment method, but a caution for physicians. Reckless interference damages Ying and Wei Qi.
It is also stated: Vomiting with pathology above the diaphragm, followed by craving water, indicates resolution. Immediately administer Zhuling San (Polyporus Powder). Drinking water is also acceptable. Qianjin Fang (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) also states: The patient must crave boiled noodles; if urgently thirsty, administer Wuling San to drink. (The remainder is identical.)
It is also stated: In Huoluan (acute vomiting and diarrhea syndrome) with headache, fever, and body pain, where heat signs predominate and the patient desires water, it falls under the indication for Wuling San.
Pang Anshi (Song Dynasty physician) stated: For patients who vomit immediately upon swallowing medicine, or have thirst with vomiting, or have floating pulse with mental restlessness and thirst after sweating, or have diarrhea with thirst and difficulty urinating, or have vomiting with difficulty urinating, Wuling San is the primary treatment. If thirst leads to water retention below the heart with shortness of breath, it is difficult to treat.
It is also stated: If there is headache without fever, only delirium, mental restlessness, and disorientation, do not use moxibustion or heat therapies. Administer one cun bi (unit of measure) of Zhuling San, and have the patient continuously drink three sheng (units of volume) of fresh water, then stimulate the throat to induce vomiting. The disease resolves instantly. If vomiting cannot be induced and water is forced, water retention will knot below the heart. One must induce vomiting with medicine; otherwise, critical danger ensues. If vomiting is indicated but Zhuling San is not used promptly to induce it, death may occur faster. Acupuncture is also a good option. Water retention in the diaphragm as an excess syndrome is difficult to treat; this represents a "three deaths, one life" scenario. (Text from Qianjin Fang.)