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When pathogenic factors enter the interior and contend with healthy qi, abdominal pain occurs. If the pain is caused by yang pathogens transmitting to the interior, the pain is intermittent, and it should be harmonized with acrid-warm formulas. If the pain is caused by yin-cold residing in the interior, the pain is continuous without relief, and diarrhea is impending; it should be warmed with hot formulas. If the pain is caused by dry stool or retained food, the patient will feel vexed, have no bowel movement, and experience abdominal fullness and pain; purgation should be applied subsequently. The Classics state: "All pains are excess patterns; pain decreases with the discharge of feces or urine." These all belong to interior patterns, yet their treatments differ; therefore, treatment must be adapted to the specific syndrome.

In Shaoyin disease (Disease of the Lesser Yin), if there is abdominal pain accompanied by cold limbs, or cough, palpitations, difficulty in urination, or diarrhea with a sensation of rectal heaviness, Sini San (Four Counterflow Powder) is indicated.

If there is diarrhea with undigested food and the pulse is faint and nearly imperceptible, Tongmai Sini Tang (Decoction to Restore the Pulse and Reanimate the Extremities) is indicated. If there is abdominal pain and difficulty in urination, Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is indicated.

If there is heat in the chest, pathogenic factors in the stomach, abdominal pain, and a desire to vomit, Huanglian Tang (Coptis Decoction) is indicated.

If the stool is hard and painful, the Guan pulse (Radial artery at the cun position) is excess, and there is abdominal fullness with constipation, Guizhi Ji Dahuang Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Rhubarb) or Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) / Xiaochengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) may be selected.

"Small abdominal fullness" refers to fullness below the umbilicus. Fullness in the chest, epigastrium, or general abdomen is usually due to pathogenic factors rather than tangible masses. However, small abdominal fullness is typically due to tangible masses rather than mere qi stagnation. If urination is free, it indicates blood retention (Blood Stasis). If urination is difficult, it indicates damp-heat obstructing the bladder. Diuretic and draining agents should be differentiated accordingly. The Classics state: "If a patient has had痞 (Pi - mass/blockage) since ancient times, connected to the side of the umbilicus, with pain radiating to the small abdomen and entering the genitalia, this is called Zang Jie (Organ Knotting), which is fatal."

If Taiyang disease (Disease of the Greater Yang) does not resolve, and heat binds in the Bladder, the patient may exhibit manic behavior, urgent and binding urinary symptoms; Taoren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.

If Taiyang disease persists for six or seven days, with exterior symptoms remaining, a faint and sinking pulse, no Jie Xiong (Chest Binding), but with mania, hardness and fullness of the small abdomen, and free urination, Didang Tang (Defeat the Accumulation Decoction) is indicated.

If Taiyang disease presents with yellow eyes, a sinking and knotted pulse, hardness of the small abdomen, and difficulty in urination, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is indicated.

In Yin-Yang Yi (Exchange of Yin and Yang), if there is small abdominal pain, Shao Kun San (Burned Undergarment Powder) is indicated.

If the patient's hands and feet are cold, Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is indicated. If there is no Jie Xiong, but there is fullness of the small abdomen that is painful upon pressure, this indicates cold binding in the Bladder and Guanyuan (CV-4) area; moxibustion on Guanyuan (CV-4) is appropriate.