腹满时痛不足证，腹满大痛有余名。误下邪陷太阴里，汗热便硬转阳明。
【注】腹满时痛为不足，桂枝加芍药汤，不愈，用理中汤。腹满大痛为有余，桂枝加
大黄汤。此皆误下邪陷太阴之里证也。若潮热自汗，大便硬，则为太阴之邪转属阳明也，
宜大承气汤。
中寒吐食不能食，不渴而厥吐寒虚，得食吐渴火为逆，饮吐相因水病居。
【注】中寒吐食，谓中寒吐食不能食也。凡不渴而厥吐，是寒虚吐也，宜理中、吴茱
萸辈。凡渴而得食即吐，是火吐也，热实宜黄连解毒汤。热虚宜干姜黄连黄芩汤，或竹
叶石膏汤。渴而饮，饮而吐，吐而复渴，水逆病也，宜五苓散。
热利尿红渴粘秽，寒利澄清小便白，理中不应宜固涩，仍然不应利之瘥。
【注】自利不渴者，属太阴寒也。下利欲饮水者，以有热故也。此以渴辨寒热也。小
便黄赤，秽气稠粘者，皆热利也。小便清白，澄彻清谷，皆寒利也。热利有表证，轻者升
麻葛根汤，重者葛根汤汗之。有里证者，量以三承气汤下之。无表里证，轻者宜黄芩汤，
重者宜葛根黄连黄芩汤清之。寒利宜理中汤温而补之。若服理中汤不应者，此属下焦滑
脱，宜赤石脂禹余粮汤固涩。仍然不应，此为清浊不分，水走大肠，宜五苓散或猪苓汤
利之，可瘥也。
Abdominal fullness with intermittent pain indicates a deficiency syndrome; abdominal fullness with severe pain indicates an excess syndrome. Incorrect use of purgatives causes pathogenic factors to sink into the interior of the Taiyin (Taiyin Spleen) channel. If sweating, fever, and hard stool appear, the disease shifts to the Yangming (Yangming Stomach/Large Intestine) channel.
[Note] Abdominal fullness with intermittent pain is a deficiency pattern, treated with Guizhi Jia Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Peony Root). If ineffective, Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) is used. Abdominal fullness with severe pain is an excess pattern, treated with Guizhi Jia Dahuang Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Rheum Rhizome). These are all patterns where pathogenic factors have sunk into the interior of the Taiyin due to incorrect purgation. If tidal fever, spontaneous sweating, and hard stool occur, it means the pathogen from Taiyin has transferred to Yangming, and Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated.
Cold invasion causing vomiting of food and inability to eat, without thirst but with cold extremities and vomiting of clear fluids, indicates a deficiency-cold pattern. Vomiting after eating accompanied by thirst indicates fire reversal. Vomiting immediately after drinking water, where fluid retention and vomiting cause each other, indicates a fluid-retention disease.
[Note] "Cold invasion causing vomiting of food" refers to vomiting food and inability to eat due to cold invasion. Cases without thirst, with cold extremities and vomiting, are cold-deficiency vomiting, treated with Lizhong Tang or Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Fruit Decoction), etc. Cases with thirst and immediate vomiting after eating are fire vomiting; heat-excess is treated with Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Decoction for Resolving Toxicity); heat-deficiency is treated with Ganjiang Huanglian Huangqin Renshen Tang (Dried Ginger, Coptis, Scutellaria, and Ginseng Decoction) or Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction). Thirst leading to drinking, drinking leading to vomiting, and vomiting leading back to thirst constitutes Water Reversal Disease, treated with Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria).
Heat-dysentery presents with red scanty urine, thirst, and sticky, foul-smelling excrement; cold-dysentery presents with clear excrement and white/clear urine. If Lizhong Tang is ineffective, astringent methods should be used; if still ineffective, draining methods should be used for recovery.
[Note] Spontaneous diarrhea without thirst belongs to Taiyin cold. Diarrhea with desire to drink water is due to heat. This distinguishes cold from heat based on thirst. Yellow-red urine with foul odor and sticky consistency indicates heat-dysentery. Clear-white urine, clear vision, and undigested food in stool indicate cold-dysentery. Heat-dysentery with exterior symptoms: mild cases use Shengma Gegen Tang (Kudzu Root and Cimicifuga Decoction), severe cases use Gegen Tang (Kudzu Root Decoction) to induce sweating. With interior symptoms, one of the Chengqi Decoctions (San Chengqi Tang) is used appropriately for purging. Without exterior or interior symptoms: mild cases use Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction), severe cases use Gegen Huangqin Huanglian Tang (Kudzu, Scutellaria, and Coptis Decoction) to clear heat. Cold-dysentery is treated with Lizhong Tang to warm and tonify. If Lizhong Tang is ineffective, this indicates slipping and uncontrolled descent of the Lower Jiao, treated with Chishizhi Yuyuliang Tang (Red Halloysite and Hematite Decoction) to astringe. If still ineffective, this indicates failure to separate clear from turbid, with water flowing into the Large Intestine, treated with Wuling San or Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) to promote urination, which leads to recovery.