葳蕤（二两） 石膏（三分末绵裹） 白薇（二两） 麻黄（二两去节） 独活（二两） 芎 （二两） 杏人（二
两去皮尖两人） 甘草（二两炙） 青木香（二两如无可用麝香一分代之）
上九味。切。以水八升。煮取三升。分三服。取汗。若一寒一热者。加朴硝一分。及大黄一二两。下之一方。有葛
根二两。
琥按上主疗云。春月中风伤寒。则知伤寒。不但指冬月严寒之时矣。曰头眩痛。腰背强。此太阳病也。曰胸内疼。
心胸痞。结满。此兼阳明病也。曰喉咽干。舌强。此兼太阴少阴病也。凡此者。皆由风寒之邪。郁于肌表。邪热不散。
内传阴经。未入于府。犹为可汗之时。故用上汤。分三服以取汗。若一寒一热者。乃表寒未除。里热已极也。加硝黄以
下之。与仲景用大柴胡汤同义。又按青木香。李氏纲目云。南木香。即今广木香也。斯言大谬之极。愚用青木香。乃另
是一种草根。形如乌药。其色微青。味苦辛而气清凉。最能发散风热。想梁时陶隐居。所云。青木香者。即此一种药也。
陈氏不察。而云如无。以麝香代之。恐非温热之证所宜。若用麝香。是大失制方之义。
朱奉议云。桂枝汤。自西北二方。居人四时行之。无不应验。江淮间。惟冬及春。可行之。自春末。及夏至以前。
桂枝证。加黄芩一分。谓之阳旦汤。夏至后。有桂枝证。可加知母半两。石膏一两。或加升麻一分。若病患素虚寒者。
正用古方。不在加减也。
Rhizoma Polygonati (Weirui, 2 liang) Rhizoma Alismatis (Baibi, 2 liang) Radix Cistanches (Baiwei, 2 liang) Herba Ephedrae (Mahuang, 2 liang, nodes removed) Radix Angelicae Pubescentis (Duhuo, 2 liang) Radix Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong, 2 liang) Semen Armeniacae Amarum (Xingren, 2 liang, skin and tips removed, for two persons) Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Gancao, 2 liang, honey-fried) Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum (Qingmuxiang, 2 liang; if unavailable, replace with 1 fen of Moschus)
The above nine herbs. Cut into pieces. Boil in eight sheng of water. Reduce to three sheng. Divide into three doses. Induce sweating. If there is alternating chills and fever. Add 1 fen of Natrii Sulfas (Puxiao). And 1 to 2 liang of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang). This is a purgative formula. This formula contains 2 liang of Radix Puerariae Lobatae (Gegen).
Hu notes: The aforementioned indications state that in mid-spring, wind-stroke or cold-injury occurs. Thus, it is known that "cold-injury" (Shanghan, Cold Damage) does not only refer to the severe cold of winter. It mentions dizziness and headache, stiffness of the waist and back. This is Taiyang disease (disease of the Taiyang channel). It mentions pain inside the chest, stuffiness in the heart and chest, fullness and binding. This involves Yangming disease (disease of the Yangming channel). It mentions dry throat and tongue stiffness. This involves Taiyin disease (disease of the Taiyin channel) and Shaoyin disease (disease of the Shaoyin channel). All these cases are due to pathogenic wind-cold stagnating on the muscle surface. Pathogenic heat does not dissipate. It transmits internally to the Yin channels but has not yet entered the Fu organs. It is still the time when diaphoresis can be used. Therefore, the above decoction is used. Divided into three doses to induce sweating. If there is alternating chills and fever, it means the exterior cold has not been eliminated, and interior heat is extreme. Add Natrii Sulfas (Puxiao) and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang) to purge. This is consistent with the principle of Zhang Zhongjing using Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction). Furthermore, regarding Qingmuxiang: Li Shizhen's Bencao Gangmu states that Nanmuxiang is the same as Guangmuxiang currently used. This statement is extremely erroneous. The Qingmuxiang I use is a different kind of root herb. Its shape resembles Radix Linderae (Wuyao). Its color is slightly green. Its taste is bitter and acrid, and its aroma is cool. It is most effective at dispersing wind-heat. I believe the Qingmuxiang mentioned by Tao Hongjing of the Liang Dynasty refers to this specific herb. Chen Shi failed to investigate and stated that if unavailable, Moschus should be used as a substitute. This is likely unsuitable for warm-heat syndromes. Using Moschus would greatly deviate from the rationale of the prescription.
Zhu Fengyi said: Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is used by people in the northwest regions throughout all four seasons without exception. In the Jianghuai region, it can only be used in winter and spring. From late spring until before the Summer Solstice, for Guizhi syndrome, add 1 fen of Radix Scutellariae (Huangqin), called Yangdan Tang (Yangdan Decoction). After the Summer Solstice, for those with Guizhi syndrome, one may add Banxia (Banzhi) half a liang, Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) one liang, or Shengma (Shengma) one fen. If the patient has a constitution of deficiency and cold, use the ancient formula directly, without modifications.