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(In the various diseases of infants and children, *Jingfeng* (Convulsions/Infantile Convulsion) is the most urgent and difficult to treat; therefore, it is listed separately here for preventive purposes.)

After an acute condition in infants has manifested, even if prepared medicines are available, if they are not administered timely and in sufficient quantities, complete recovery is rarely achieved. The wet nurse must carefully observe the infant's body daily every day (if red spots appear on the body, this is likely a precursor to *Dandu* (Erysipelas); consult medical texts and treat urgently). If the infant's body temperature is higher than the previous day, or if the back of the head is hot, or if there is hot breath, these are signs of impending *Jingfeng*. At this time, administer medicines such as *Xiao'er Qingxin Wan* (Pediatric Heart-Clearing Pill) or *Baolong Wan* (Dragon-Embracing Pill). (These two formulas are detailed below).

For various types of *Jingfeng* in infants, mix equal parts of *Zhusha* (Cinnabar) and *Xionghuang* (Realgar) with pig lard, and apply to the infant's mouth; immediate efficacy is expected. Adding a small amount of *Shexiang* (Musk) is preferable.

Frequent crying within the first month after birth is a manifestation of expelling fetal heat (*Taire*) and does not constitute a disease.

When infants are only two or three months old, initiating movement too early—such as sitting upright or being held high—can cause dizziness and mental confusion, frequently leading to *Jingfeng*. Decoct 5 fen of *Tianma* (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) and 3 fen of *Renshen* (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), and take with *Zhusha* powder. If accompanied by diarrhea or dysentery, decoct equal parts of *Bai Jiangcan* (Bombyx Batryticatus), *Sharen* (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), *Huanglian* (Coptidis Rhizoma), and *Gancao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma); this is effective.

If an infant is startled by loud voices from others, exposed to cold wind from windows, hugged suddenly by someone coming from a cold winter environment causing cold wind contact, awakened abruptly while sleeping, stepped on by another child, or pressed upon by the wet nurse during sleep, resulting in acute *Jingfeng*, immediately administer *Anshen Wan* (Calming Spirit Pill) (formula see below).

Another formula: Decoct equal parts of *Mendong* (Ophiopogonis Tuber), *Suanzaoren* (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen - stir-fried separately), *Tianma*, *Renshen*, *Chaihu* (Bupleuri Radix), *Fangfeng* (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and *Wuyao* (Linderae Radix); this is effective.

Following severe vomiting and diarrhea, infants will inevitably develop slow *Jingfeng*. Combine *Baoyuan Tang* (Preserve Origin Decoction) (formula see below) with 5-6 fen of *Sharen* and *Huoxiang* (Pogostemonis Herba); administer together. Prolonged crying can also induce *Jingfeng*; administer *Suhe Xiang Wan* (Styrax Pill). In infants with irritable temperaments, prolonged crying leads to qi rebellion and heat accumulation due to phlegm stagnation.

If an infant's body is hot on one half and cool on the other, this is a sign of slow *Jingfeng* (difficult to treat). Administer Qian's *Baizhu San* (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Powder) (see below) added with 7-8 fen each of *Guizhi* (Note: Text says Gui Shao, likely Guizhi/Bai Shao context, but strictly Gui Shao usually implies Angelicae Dahuricae or similar in some contexts, however standard is Dangui Baishao. Given "Gui Shao", I will translate as Angelicae Sinensis and Paeoniae Radix Alba based on common pairing, or strictly Gui/Shao. Let's stick to text: *Danggui* (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) and *Baishao* (Paeoniae Radix Alba)) and 4-5 fen each of *Xiangfu* (Cyperi Rhizoma) and *Wuyao*; *Zhenxin Anshen Tang* (Heart-Calming and Spirit-Anchoring Decoction) is also usable.

If one cheek of the infant is hot and red while the other is cold as water, this is also a sign of slow *Jingfeng*; the treatment method is the same as above.

If an infant's eyes lack spirit and appear wide-eyed and frightened, *Jingfeng* will likely ensue. Administer *Baoyuan Tang* added with 5-6 fen each of *Chaihu*, *Huanglian*, *Qianghuo* (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), and *Fangfeng*.

If the sclera of an infant appears predominantly blue/green, it indicates liver heat transferring to the lungs, which will also trigger *Jingfeng*. Since strengthening lung qi (Metal) causes liver wood to decline and heart fire to recede, it is appropriate to use *Baoyuan Tang* combined with *Xieqing Wan* (Drain Green Pill) (formula see below).

If an infant cries incessantly without reason, it is likely caused by thorns pricking the skin. Examine the entire body carefully under bright light. If no pricks are found, this is a sign of *Jingfeng*; administer *Qingxin Linshen Tang* (Clear Heart and Nourish Spirit Decoction) (formula see below). Adding 3-4 fen each of *Chantui* (Cicadae Periostracum) and *Suye* (Perillae Folium) yields better results.

If an infant cries due to palpitations and fright during movement or being carried, it is likely due to careless handling causing injury to the waist and spine; examine the spine carefully. If no injury is found, there may be phlegm nodules flowing through the neck, axilla, elbows, arms, or abdomen, leading to numbness, tendon contraction, or pain (phlegm with heat does not hurt), which are precursors to swelling (treat according to phlegm). If not a precursor to swelling, it is still a sign of *Jingfeng*; administer *Qingxin Linshen Tang* added with 3-4 fen each of *Wuyao* and *Zhike* (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride).

The infant's head should be cool, and feet warm. If there is vomiting, diarrhea, thirst, abdominal distension, or symptoms like blue-white sclera, first assess the temperature of the head and feet. If the head is hot and feet are cold, this is caused by spleen deficiency; urgently use *Bupi Yihuang Tang* (Spleen-Nourishing and Yellow-Dispelling Decoction) (formula see below) added with one whole *Quanxie* (Scorpio); this is effective. Infants often kick off covers, exposing their feet. If the head is not hot, do not worry about cold feet.

Ancient practitioners treated acute *Jingfeng* with agents such as *Niuhuang* (Calculus Bovis), *Longnao* (Borneolum Syntheticum), *Zhusha*, and *Hanshuishi* (Aqua Calcitae); modern use of these often yields rapid results, saving seven or eight out of ten cases, but recurrence as epilepsy (*Xian*) sometimes occurs. This is because yuan qi relies on yang, and yang relies on heat; these materials are extremely cold in nature, abruptly extinguishing the infant's heat, thereby diminishing the clear and bright qi of yuan yang, allowing pathogenic factors to lie dormant and recur later. It is advisable to prepare mild agents (such as *Zhenxin Anshen Wan*) beforehand before fetal heat becomes rampant. Furthermore, ancient practitioners treated slow *Jingfeng* and slow mumps with agents containing large doses of *Fuzi* (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), *Baifu Zi* (Vallaris Radix), *Nanxing* (Arisaematis Rhizoma), and *Wugong* (Centipedae Corpus). While many survive today using these, only two or three out of ten are preserved, and they often end up as foolish or mentally impaired children. These materials possess great toxicity; although they utilize toxicity to treat disease, they also consume true qi and damage innate nature. Thus, the infant's essence and soul diminish, gradually leading to madness. Is this not lamentable? It is best to regulate and treat beforehand with mild agents and avoid toxic materials.