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Summerheat is divided into Yang summerheat and Yin summerheat; their natures are mutually exclusive, like ice and charcoal, a fact well known to all. However, that which is contracted while at rest is termed "Zhong Shu" (Heatstroke), while that which is contracted during movement or labor is termed "Zhong Re" (Heat Exhaustion). Yang summerheat refers to contracting heat due to summerheat, thus Yang summerheat is equivalent to Zhong Re. Yin summerheat refers to contracting cold due to summerheat, thus Yin summerheat is equivalent to Zhong Shu. The Classics state: "Qi deficiency with body heat results from injury by summerheat." Infants suffer particularly severely during the late summer season, as Fire and Earth Qi are most vigorous then, causing injury to Metal and Wood organs. Their Yang Qi is tender and weak, having already lost harmony between Ying and Wei (Defensive and Nutritive Qi). Furthermore, where there is summerheat, there is heat; Yang Qi floats on the exterior, and if cold and raw foods damage the interior, failing to nourish the body in accordance with the summer growth phase, preserving life requires careful study of diseases caused by summerheat injury.

Children of affluent families, living deep within large mansions, fearing heat and seeking coolness, neglect proper clothing and bedding, leading to Cold Evil invading the muscle layer. Their etiology is contracting cold due to summerheat. Initial symptoms include headache, absence of sweating, aversion to cold, bodily stiffness and tightness, and soreness and pain in the four limbs. Ancient methods primarily prescribe Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder) (containing Bai Zhi, Chen Pi, Hou Po, Jie Geng, Zhi Ke, Chuan Xiong, Bai Shao, Fu Ling, Bai Zhu, Dang Gui, Ban Xia, Gui Zhi, Pao Jiang, Zhi Gan Cao, with Sheng Jiang and Da Zao as guides).
[Chen Shouzhen's Note] Children have constitutions prone to both deficiency and excess. Although the cause is cold contracted during summerheat, warm and dispersing methods are not suitable, and Wuji San is especially inappropriate. Instead, use one piece of fresh He Ye (Lotus Leaf), one qian of Bian Dou Pi (Vigna Angularis Peel), eight fen of Chuan Hou Po (Magnolia Bark), three qian of Hua Shi (Talcum), and five fen of Sheng Gan Cao (Raw Licorice Root), decocted in flowing water for administration, which will result in recovery. This is because the cold within the summerheat transforms, and the summerheat transforms along with it.

Children of humble families, often exposed to scorching sun and sitting on hot ground, contract heat due to summerheat. Initial symptoms include fever, headache, irritability, excessive thirst, profuse sweating, a surging and slippery pulse, dry and bound stools, and painful, red urine. Ancient methods primarily prescribe Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) (containing Shi Gao, Zhi Mu, Gan Cao, Jing Mi as a guide). If the pulse is deficient with irritability, thirst, and shortness of breath, Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) is indicated. If dizziness occurs, Sheng Mai San (Generate the Pulse Powder) (containing Ren Shen, Mai Dong, Bei Wu Wei Zi) is indicated, decocted in water.
[Chen Shouzhen's Note] This syndrome belongs to Yang summerheat, with blazing heat. One must guard against stirring up Liver Wind, which could lead to convulsions and syncope. Treatment should employ clearing summerheat and purging heat. Use Lian Qiao Qiao (Forsythia Husk) and Dan Zhu Ye (Lophatherum Herb) each 1.5 qian, Qing Hao (Artemisia Annua) 1 qian, Hei Zhi Zi (Black Gardenia Fruit) 0.5 qian, Fei Hua Shi (Prepared Talcum) 3 qian, Chi Shao (Red Peony Root) 1 qian, with one piece of fresh He Ye (Lotus Leaf) as a guide. Upon ingestion, the heat resolves, and consequently, the summerheat is entirely resolved.