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The *Neijing* states: All malaria arises from wind pathogen. It also states: Summer injury by heat (Shu) leads to malaria in autumn. Tracing the root cause, summer injury by heat causes its qi to lodge within the Ying (Nutrient) level; when cold wind is contracted in autumn, the Ying and Wei (Defensive) levels are simultaneously affected, resulting in malaria. During an attack, alternating chills and fever occur due to the contention between Yin and Yang. Daily attacks indicate that initially, the pathogen is shallow, lodging in the Ying level and moving along the meridians. Every-other-day attacks indicate that the pathogen has penetrated deeply into the spine and back muscles, lodging in the Chong (Penetrating) vessel. Attacks occurring after midnight but before noon suggest the pathogen is in the Three Yang meridians and remains shallow; attacks occurring after noon but before midnight suggest the pathogen is in the Three Yin meridians and has become deep. Attacks occurring after the Summer Solstice but before the End of Heat (Chushu) indicate illness in the Three Yang meridians with shallow pathology; attacks occurring after Chushu but before the Winter Solstice indicate illness in the Three Yin meridians with deep pathology. Therefore, malaria invariably presents with both chills and fever. The external pathogen lies latent in the half-exterior, half-interior region, which is the domain governed by Shaoyang (Lesser Yang). When the pathogen moves outward to contend with Yang, Yin prevails, causing chills; when it moves inward to contend with Yin, Yang prevails, causing fever. Pure fever without chills is termed Wen Malaria (Warm Malaria); pure chills without fever are termed Pin Malaria (Cold Malaria). Both represent extremes deviating from Shaoyang. While Shaoyang may involve other meridians, if a condition does not involve Shaoyang, it cannot be classified as malaria. Malaria is inseparable from Shaoyang, just as coughing is inseparable from the Lung. Wen Malaria and Pin Malaria must also return to the Shaoyang realm for Yin and Yang to harmonize before recovery can occur. Children’s Spleen and Stomach are inherently weak; thus, pathogens of Wind, Cold, Heat, Dampness, and Food stagnation can easily invade. Treatment should be divided into three stages: early, middle, and late. In the early stage, when Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) is unharmed, dispersing and resolving methods are appropriate. In the middle stage, as Zheng Qi gradually declines, harmonizing methods are appropriate. In the late stage, when Zheng Qi cannot resist the pathogen, regulating and tonifying methods are appropriate. One must carefully consider the degree of chills and fever and the strength of constitution. Regardless of the type of malaria, treatment can be effective. Hence, this treatise on Malaria (*Mie Jie*) is composed.

Pediatric Wind Malaria is characterized by sweating, as the patient first suffers from Wind pathogen and subsequently from Cold pathogen, resulting in initial high fever followed by chills, with more heat than cold. Ancient methods prescribe Guizhi Qianghuo Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Notopterygium Decoction), containing Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), and Sheng Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle), with Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) as a guiding herb.
[True's Commentary] Wind belongs to Yang pathogen, yet wind is cool qi within Yang. Pediatric feverish malaria caused by contracting cold wind presents with aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating, irritability, thirst, and headache, termed Wind Malaria. Since spontaneous sweating is already present, Qianghuo and Fangfeng are too warming and dispersing. One must strictly avoid excessive sweating, which severely damages Yuan Qi (Source Qi). The prescription uses Hang Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, one qian), Zhen Guangpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, one qian), Yun Fuling (Poria, two qian), Fa Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, one qian), Piao Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, six fen), Zhi Suzi (Perillae Fructus, seven fen), Ya Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, five fen), Jian Binglang (Arecae Semen, five fen), Nen Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, three fen), with one thin slice of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) as a guide.
If mild dispersing agents stop the malaria, subsequent treatment for regulation and tonification uses Jie Yangshen (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, one qian), Sheng Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, one and a half qian), Yun Fuling (Poria, two qian), Zhi Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle, five fen), Zhen Guangpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, eight fen), and You Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, six fen).