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Infants suffering from nasal congestion due to external contraction of wind-cold, resulting in the obstruction and closure of Lung Qi, are traditionally treated with Chuanxiong Wan (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Pill). The formula consists of *Rhizoma Chuanxiong* (Chuanxiong), *Radix Asari* (Xixin), *Rhizoma Ligustici Wallichii* (Qubiao), *Radix Angelicae Dahuricae* (Baizhi), *Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata* (Zhigancao), *Borneolum Syntheticum* (Meihuapian), *Moschus* (Dangmenzi), and *Semen Armeniacae Amarum* (Guang Xingren), processed with refined honey into pills the size of a longan seed. One pill is taken per dose, dissolved and administered with a decoction of Juncus effusus (Dengxincao).

[Commentary by Chen Shouzhen] Nasal congestion in infants occurs when Lung Qi fails to circulate freely. Besides external wind-cold contraction, it may also result from a wet nurse sleeping at night without avoiding exhaling air into the infant's fontanelle, or from exposure to wind-cold during bathing. Medication is not always necessary; for mild cases, crushed scallion white (Congbai) can be molded into a small pellet and applied to the Tian Ting Xin point (located between the eyebrows) to unblock the nasal passages. If patency is not achieved, a mixture of *Radix Asari* (Xixin), *Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata* (Fuzi), and *Herba Tephrosiae* (Tongcao) can be ground into powder, mixed with honey, wrapped in cotton, and inserted into the infant's nose, which typically restores breathing quickly.

Clear rhinorrhea in infants results from the Lung being attacked by cold-wind, causing failure to retain body fluids. Applying crushed fresh ginger (Shengjiang) to the Tian Ting Xin point can stop this. If accompanied by other symptoms, treatment should be adjusted accordingly.

Nasal polyps in infants, caused by persistent wind-cold affecting the Lung, leading to the accumulation of purulent discharge and loss of smell and taste, can be treated with buds of *Magnolia biondii* (Xinyi Hua, also known as Mubi Hua or Hanlian Cao). After removing the fleshy parts, hairs, and seeds, the buds are soaked overnight in water infused with banana stems, dried, and ground into powder. A small amount of Moschus (Shexiang) is added, and the powder is applied to the nostrils using juice from scallion whites (Congbai) for excellent efficacy.

Dryness of the nose in infants is caused by heat in the Heart and Spleen steaming upward to the Lung, depleting fluids. Clearing heat and generating fluids is indicated; administering Daochi San (Guide Out Red Powder) with *Radix Ophiopogonis* (Maidong) can transform dryness into moisture.

Bi Gan (nasal ulceration/gangrene) in infants, characterized by severe erosion threatening to perforate the nostril, can be treated by applying a mixture of two fen of almond powder (pressed to remove oil) and one qian of Calomelas (Qingfen) to the affected area. Alternatively, a powder made from Deer Antler Frost (Lujiaoshuang), Alum (Kufan), Burnt Human Hair (Xuyuhui), and Burnt Juncus (Dengxinhuai) can be insufflated into the nose for cure.

Bi Ding (nasal furuncle) requires rapid dispersion of toxicity. An urgent remedy involves one liang of Lychee flesh, 1.5 fen of Realgar (Xionghuang), and 0.05 li of Lodestone (Xitieshi), pounded into pills and inserted into the nose to facilitate detachment. Drinking a small cup of juice from fresh Chrysanthemum leaves (Juhua Ye) enhances the effect.

Nasal growths obstructing airflow, where flesh gradually grows in the nose, can be treated with one raw lotus node stem (Ou Jie) that includes roots and whiskers. This is burned to ash while retaining its medicinal nature, ground into powder, and insufflated to cause the growth to fall off. Alternatively, a pill made from Alum (Kufan) and lard (Zhuzhi) wrapped in cotton and inserted into the nose will shed after several days.

Nasal polyps (Bi Zhi) with deep roots causing intense pain and itching can be treated with one frost plum (Shuang Mei), seven castor beans (Bimaren), and a little raw alum (Shengfan). These three ingredients are pounded together, wrapped in silk cotton, and inserted into the nose for one day and night until healed. Alternatively, four qian of Melon Stalk (Tianguadi), one qian of Kansui Root (Gansui), and five fen each of Alum (Kufan), Shell Ash (Luokehui), and Aconite Ash (Caowuhui) are ground into powder, mixed with sesame oil into pills, and inserted daily if the nostril is large enough, dissolving the polyp into fluid. Subsequently, a wound-healing powder is applied to dry the area.

In older children, nasal sores resembling millet grains, which spread easily, can be managed by drinking a decoction of *Rhizoma Coicis* (Yiyiren) and Winter Melon (Donggua) as tea. Externally, peeled and deseeded almonds (*Semen Armeniacae Amarum*) are pounded into a paste, mixed with human milk, and inserted into the nose for stable and effective results.

If an infant accidentally inserts a bean into the nostril and pushes it deeper with fingers, making removal difficult, insufflate a small amount of Renma Ping'an San (Human-Horse Peace Powder) into the nostril immediately; the bean will be expelled via sneezing. If delayed, the bean swells due to mucus, causing increased swelling and pain. Treatment requires two people: one holds the infant's ears closed and eyes shut tightly, while the other covers the clear nostril and blows forcefully into the mouth, causing the bean to drop out.

Sudden swelling and ulceration of the philtrum (Ren Zhong) outside the nose, accompanied by severe itching and difficulty eating, can be treated by burning old felt hats and green olive pits (Qingguohe) to ash, mixing them with good sesame oil, and applying multiple times daily for effectiveness.