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Alternating chills and fever with regular onset and cessation are termed *Nüe* (Malaria). The passage of red and white dysenteric stools accompanied by tenesmus is termed *Li* (Dysentery). Malaria symptoms may resemble alternating chills and fever, yet the latter lack a fixed pattern; both internal injury and external contraction can cause them, which is distinctly different from malaria where chills precede fever, occurring daily, every other day, or every third day. Dysentery symptoms may resemble diarrhea, yet diarrhea involves varying amounts of stool, either clear or loose, mixed with foul-smelling watery excrement. In contrast, dysentery involves discharge of mucus resembling jelly, pus-like but not true pus, blood-like but not true blood, with red and white strands intermixed, characterized by the urge to defecate without success and severe tenesmus; these two conditions are entirely different. Although both conditions occur throughout the year, they peak in summer and autumn. This is because during these seasons, weather changes frequently, seasonal qi becomes excessive, leading to the prevalence of epidemic pathogens (seasonal pathogenic factors). At this time, people are often mentally exhausted and their intestines and stomachs are weak, making Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) prone to failure, allowing epidemic pathogens to invade. Although both diseases originate from epidemic pathogens, differences in the specific pathogens contracted and the sites of invasion lead to vastly different symptoms: Malaria is caused by Wind Qi, invading between Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) levels, resulting in the intermingling of Yin and Yang and the struggle between cold and heat; Dysentery is caused by Dampness Qi, invading the Intestines and Bowels, resulting in the failure of transportation and transformation, and stagnation due to damp-heat steaming. Furthermore, even within the same category of Malaria, variations in constitution, living environment, and depth of pathogen invasion lead to diverse manifestations: superficial cases manifest in the Three Yang channels, deep cases in the Three Yin channels, and chronic malaria may develop into *Nuomu* (Malarial Mass/Splenomegaly) with irregular attacks. Similarly, for Dysentery, variations in constitution, environment, and depth of invasion lead to diverse forms: superficial cases present with red and white dysenteric stools, deep cases with persistent fever, and chronic dysentery may become *Xiuxi Li* (Intermittent Dysentery) with irregular attacks. For prolonged malaria and dysentery, when pathogens move, disease manifests; when pathogens hide, disease subsides. If Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) cannot expand and pathogens remain lodged, these conditions become illnesses that can occur in any season. Additionally, Malaria can be transmitted via food, drink, and mosquito bites; Dysentery can be transmitted via food, drink, and feces. Severe cases can even be transmitted through respiratory droplets, spreading throughout communities, termed Epidemic Malaria (*Yi Nüe*) and Epidemic Dysentery (*Yi Li*). When adults contract these diseases, they feel depleted; when children contract them, they feel doubly distressed. Since the clinical presentations differ but the patterns of progression and fluctuation are similar, these related conditions are discussed together here.