甲、概况
疟疾一证，通常皆寒热交作，起迄有时。亦有名之为 疟者，则夜发曰 ，昼发曰疟也。其病有寒多热
少者，有热多寒少者，有但寒而热甚微者，有但热而寒甚微者，其间虽有寒热多少之不同，隐显之各异，然
为寒热交作而起迄有时则一也，故均属于疟。疟之一日一作者为轻，间日一作者为重，三日而作一次者
是为最深，多由久疟失治所致。又疟疾之寒热多少不平者亦为较重，疟之热势不清者亦为较重，疟之由重而渐
轻，大率为寒热由不平而渐平均，由期长而渐缩短，反之则为病方增也。疟疾之起源，虽由时令之偏，然感之
而足以致病者，必其身体有预伏之因，交相为疟以成功，或预伏暑邪，成为暑疟，或预伏湿邪，成为湿疟，或
预伏风邪，成为风疟，或预伏寒邪，成为寒疟；而积痰积食，亦多能致疟。伏邪重者疟亦重，伏邪轻者疟亦
轻，故秋深之疟，恒较夏日为重，以伏邪重，故一发则缠绵而不易愈也。又疟疾之轻重，更须视脾胃之强弱，
脾胃强则卫气振作而能鼓邪以外出，脾胃弱则卫气不振而使病邪得久留，故疟疾之易愈与否，又常视脾胃之
强弱与否以为断也。此病当发作之时，为病邪乘机以外出，故治疟得当者，当使其每发一次，则病邪减退一
次，庶几渐发渐轻而易愈，否则截疟过早，则有闭塞邪气之患，截疟过迟，则有元气衰惫之虑，是不可
不慎之于始也。
乙、治法
疟疾之治法，初起常为疏导开泄，而疏导开泄之中，则宜分别其暑湿风寒之因，辨其热重寒重之状，
对证以下药。大率因暑而发者，但热而少寒，体若燔炭，烦渴而呕，便艰或傍流，治宜
清凉之剂。有汗者人参白虎汤加减，无汗者香薷饮加减。通治宜
杏仁、滑石、淡竹叶、花粉、麦冬、知母、川贝、陈皮、甘草；湿重痰多，宜以二陈汤出入为法；热重烦躁，
宜加淡豆豉、石膏之属。因湿而发者，多身体沉重，小便不利，呕逆胀满，舌腻或糙，治宜解表除湿，湿重而
痰多热少者，用胃苓汤加羌活、柴胡、紫苏之类；湿渐化热者，用四苓散加减；湿已化热者，用桑叶、菊花、
银花、连翘、薄荷等轻清之剂，湿重化热者则从热治。因风而发者，多烦躁头疼，恶风自汗，或先热而后寒，
治宜解表泄风，用半夏、柴胡、羌活、紫苏、川芎、细辛、白芷、槟榔、生姜之属，若唇舌干燥口渴，不宜过
用燥剂者，用桂枝汤加桑叶、银花之类和之；因寒而发者，但寒无热，或寒多热微，头项腰背疼痛，治宜辛温
解散，用柴胡桂枝干姜汤，寒盛而痰多者加常山、草果、槟榔、浓朴之属。虚者数发后即用附子理中汤。
至于治疟总法，有疟疾第一方、疟疾第二方、疟疾第三方，可以量证酌用。通治之方又有二陈汤与平胃散，因
疟不离乎痰湿，故以治痰治湿为主也。又有小柴胡汤，因疟不离乎少阳，故治从少阳和之也。然平胃偏燥，热
甚者宜加黄芩、黄连、青皮之属；小柴胡汤有补，初病者宜去人参、甘草、大枣之属。而黄芩、黄连不宜于寒
证，附子、干姜不宜于热证，初起必宜发表，久疟宜顾脾胃，此皆不可不知者也。又凡疟之一日一作者，因其
暑湿风寒，酌用疏导开泄之剂，数服可愈；疟之间日一作者，开泄之后，宜用四君子汤、补中益气汤之类扶其
正气，则庶可有济；疟之三日一作者，谓之三阴疟，必须补气养血，外贴三阴疟疾膏，疟乃可止，疟愈之后，
仍须用八珍汤或人参养荣汤出入以为培补，否则难免有复发之虑也。又疟疾经久，结为 瘕，在于胁际者谓之
疟母，治宜疟母丸，或鳖甲煎丸以化之。脾虚不任攻伐者，宜补中益气汤加鳖甲。总之疟之热重而实至于便结谵
语者，亦可用硝、黄攻下，疟之虚而寒热微微往来者，亦可用参、 峻
补，固非仅疏导开泄之法，一成到底而不变者也。余如热多寒少
之疟亦名瘅疟，热高而不觉其寒者，亦名温疟，但寒少热者，亦名牝疟，脾虚而呕吐痰水者，亦名痰疟，腹大
而疼，饥不欲食者亦名食疟，立名虽异，而治法固不脱乎上述以为之变化也。又小儿初次患疟，谓之胎疟，
既不可截疟过早，更不可迁延过久，必须培养尽善，庶免脾胃受伤，腹胀肌瘦，浸假入于怯损之途也。
附方
（一）人参白虎汤 治热渴。
人参 知母 石膏 天花粉 葛根 麦冬 竹叶 粳米
壮实之人，或邪盛之人，疟初起不宜补者去人参；略有恶寒
而汗者加桂枝；腹胀大便不通，谵语闷乱者，酌加大黄、黄芩。
（二）香薷饮 治夏秋脏腑冷热不调，饮食不节，暑热乘之，阳气为阴邪所遏，致头痛发热，恶寒烦躁，
口渴引饮，腹中不和，心腹疼痛，吐泻者。
香薷（三钱） 浓朴（一钱） 白扁豆（钱半） 甘草（炙，一钱）
清水煎服。
此方为暑泻要药。寒热交作，加陈皮、茯苓各二钱，青皮、
淡芩各一钱。病发前二小时服，无汗热服，有汗冷服。
（三）二陈汤 见第一章第四节。
（四）胃苓汤 见第七章第三节。
（五）四苓散 见第七章第四节。
（六）桂枝汤 见第四章第四节。
（七）柴胡桂枝干姜汤 治疟寒多微有热，或但寒不热，及
伤寒发汗而复下之，胸胁满，微结，小便不利，渴而不呕，头汗出，往来寒热心下烦。
柴胡 桂枝 黄芩 干姜 牡蛎 甘草 栝蒌根
便溏去栝蒌根、淡芩，加白扁豆。
（八）附子理中汤 见第五章第四节。
（九）疟疾第一方 治疟。平胃消痰，理气除湿。
陈皮 半夏 白茯苓 威灵仙（各一钱） 柴胡 黄芩 制苍术
浓朴（各八分） 青皮 槟榔（各六分） 甘草（炙，三分）
加生姜三片，井水河水各半煎服。头痛加白芷一钱，二三服后，再服第二方。
（十）疟疾第二方 治疟。补泻互用，虚实参半。
生首乌（三钱） 陈皮 柴胡 白茯苓 黄芩（各八分） 白术（炒） 当
归威灵仙（各一钱） 知母 鳖甲（醋炙酥，研为粉。各二钱） 甘草（炙，三分）
加生姜三片，井水河水各半煎服。
（十一）疟疾第三方 治疟疾之因于虚者，使元气充实，愈后不发。
人参 白术（炒。各一钱） 黄 （炙） 当归（各一钱二分） 陈皮 柴胡（各八分） 甘草
（炙，三分） 升麻（四分）
加生姜一片，大枣一枚，清水煎服。便坚加首乌二钱，炒知母二钱。
（十二）平胃散 见第六章第三节。
（十三）小柴胡汤 见第三章第七节。
（十四）四君子汤 见第三章第五节。
（十五）补中益气汤 见第四章第四节。
（十六）三阴疟疾膏 外用。治三阴疟疾，寒热不止。
麝香（一分五厘） 冰片（一钱） 附子（生漂晒干，二钱） 白胡椒 肉桂（各钱半） 公丁香（一钱）
研为极细末，用膏药一张，上药末一分，于发日五更空腹未发之时，烘热贴于脐上，手揉百转，
睡去片时，方可食物。忌食生、冷、油腻、蛋、面、菱、芋、鱼腥发物。
（十七）八珍汤 调和荣卫，滋养血气，治阴虚内热，脾胃亏损，肌肉消瘦。
当归 川芎 白芍 熟地 人参 白术 茯苓 甘草（炙）
加生姜、大枣。
（十八）人参养荣汤 升阳，滋阴。治脾肺俱虚，发热恶寒，肢体瘦倦，食少作泻，发黄，或溃疡气血
亏弱，寒热不退，肢体瘦倦，面黄，食少气短，疮口不敛，及病后咳嗽自汗，潮
热，口干食少，心虚惊悸，下利等证。
人参 陈皮 黄 （炙） 桂心 当归（酒拌） 白术 甘草（炙。各一钱）
白芍（酒洗，一钱五分） 熟地（酒拌） 五味子（炒杵） 茯苓（各七分五厘） 远志（五分）
加生姜、大枣，清水煎服。
（十九）疟母丸 治疟痞结于左胁硬痛者。
鳖甲（醋炙，三两） 青皮（炒） 桃仁（炒） 神曲（炒） 麦芽（炒。各一两） 三
棱（醋煮） 蓬莪术（醋煮） 海珠粉（醋煮。各五钱） 香附（醋煮，二两） 红花（三钱）
共研末，神曲糊为丸，如梧桐子大。
（二十）鳖甲煎丸 治疟母。
鳖甲（炙，一两二钱） 鼠妇（熬） 黄芩（各三分） 柴胡 蜣螂（熬。各六分）
干姜 大黄 桂枝 石韦（去毛） 浓朴 紫葳 半夏 阿胶 芍药
丹皮 虫（熬。各五分） 葶苈（炒） 人参（各一分） 乌扇（烧） 瞿麦 蜂
窠（炙，各四分） 赤硝（一钱二分） 桃仁（二分）
如法为丸，如梧子大，每服七丸，一日三次，忌食生、冷、鸡蛋、豆、麦等物。
（二十一）金鸡纳霜 治一切疟疾，久疟不止，及三阴疟疾。
A. Overview
Malaria (Nüe, 疟疾) is typically characterized by alternating chills and fever, with regular onset and cessation times. Some refer to it as "Dan" (Dàn, 瘅), where night-onset is called Dan, and day-onset is called Malaria. The condition may present with more chills than fever, more fever than chills, only chills with very slight fever, or only fever with very slight chills. Although the degree of chills and fever varies, and their manifestation differs, they all share the characteristic of alternating chills and fever with regular timing; thus, they are all classified under Malaria. Malaria occurring daily is considered mild; occurring every other day is heavier; occurring once every three days is the deepest and most severe, often resulting from neglected long-term malaria. Furthermore, imbalance in the degree of chills and fever indicates a heavier condition, as does unclear fever intensity. A transition from severe to mild malaria generally involves the chills and fever becoming balanced and the interval between attacks shortening; conversely, this indicates worsening disease.
The origin of malaria lies in seasonal climatic abnormalities, but for pathogenic factors to cause disease, there must be pre-existing latent factors within the body interacting with them. These include latent Summer-heat (Shu, 暑邪) forming Summer-heat Malaria, latent Dampness (Shi, 湿邪) forming Dampness Malaria, latent Wind (Feng, 风邪) forming Wind Malaria, or latent Cold (Han, 寒邪) forming Cold Malaria. Accumulated Phlegm (Tan, 痰) and Food Stagnation (Shi, 食积) can also induce malaria. Heavier latent pathogens result in heavier malaria, while lighter ones result in milder cases. Therefore, late-autumn malaria is often more severe than summer malaria because the heavy latent pathogens lead to lingering, difficult-to-cure conditions. Additionally, the severity depends on the strength of the Spleen and Stomach (Pi Wei, 脾胃). Strong Spleen and Stomach Qi allows Wei Qi (Wei Qi, 卫气) to rise and expel pathogens outward; weak Spleen and Stomach fails to support Wei Qi, allowing pathogens to remain. Thus, recovery depends on Spleen and Stomach strength. During an attack, pathogens attempt to exit; effective treatment should reduce pathogenic load with each attack, leading to gradual recovery. Prematurely stopping the malaria risks trapping pathogens, while delaying too long risks exhausting Yuan Qi (Yuan Qi, 元气).
B. Treatment Methods
Initial treatment of malaria usually involves guiding and venting (Shu Dao Kai Xie, 疏导开泄). Within this approach, one must distinguish between Summer-heat, Dampness, Wind, and Cold etiologies, and differentiate between heat-dominant and cold-dominant presentations to prescribe appropriate herbs.
1. Summer-heat Malaria: Characterized by fever without significant chills, burning body heat, irritability, thirst, vomiting, constipation or dysentery-like diarrhea. Treatment requires cooling agents. For those with sweat, use Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (Gypsum and Ginseng Decoction) modified; for those without sweat, use Xiangru Yin (Elsholtzia Decoction) modified. Common herbs include Xing Ren (Apricot Seed), Hua Shi (Talcum), Dan Zhu Ye (Lophatherum Leaf), Tian Hua Fen (Trichosanthes Root), Mai Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome), Chuan Bei Mu (Fritillaria Bulb), Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel), and Gan Cao (Licorice Root). If dampness is heavy with much phlegm, modify Er Chen Tang (Two-Cured Decoction); if heat and irritability are heavy, add Dan Dou Chi (Fermented Soybean) and Shi Gao (Gypsum).
2. Dampness Malaria: Characterized by heavy body, difficult urination, nausea, abdominal distension, greasy or rough tongue coating. Treatment requires releasing the exterior and resolving dampness. For heavy dampness with much phlegm and little heat, use Weiling Tang (Gastrodia and Poria Decoction) plus Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root), and Zi Su (Perilla Leaf). As dampness transforms into heat, use Si Ling San (Four-Poria Powder) modified. Once fully transformed into heat, use light, clearing herbs like Sang Ye (Mulberry Leaf), Ju Hua (Chrysanthemum Flower), Yin Hua (Honeysuckle Flower), Lian Qiao (Forsythia Fruit), and Bo He (Mint). Heavy dampness transforming into heat is treated as a heat pattern.
3. Wind Malaria: Characterized by irritability, headache, aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating, or fever preceding chills. Treatment requires releasing the exterior and dispersing wind, using Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber), Chai Hu, Qiang Huo, Zi Su, Chuan Xiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome), Xi Xin (Asarum Root), Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica Root), Bing Lang (Areca Seed), and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger). If lips and tongue are dry with thirst, avoid overly drying agents; instead, use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) plus Sang Ye and Yin Hua to harmonize.
4. Cold Malaria: Characterized by chills without fever, or more chills than slight fever, pain in head, neck, waist, and back. Treatment requires acrid-warm dispersion, using Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Tang (Bupleurum, Cinnamon Twig, and Dried Ginger Decoction). For severe cold with much phlegm, add Chang Shan (Daphne Genkwa Bark), Cao Guo (Black Cardamom), Bing Lang, and Hou Po (Magnolia Bark). For deficiency patterns after multiple attacks, use Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite and Magnolia Root Decoction).
General formulas include Malaria Formula No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3, selected based on presentation. Er Chen Tang and Pingwei San (Peaceful Stomach Powder) are used because malaria is linked to phlegm and dampness. Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is used because malaria involves the Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) channel. Note: Pingwei San is drying; add Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome), and Qing Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel) for severe heat. Xiao Chaihu Tang is tonifying; remove Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Gan Cao, and Da Zao (Jujube) for initial acute cases. Huang Qin/Lian are unsuitable for cold patterns; Fu Zi (Aconite Root) and Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) are unsuitable for heat patterns. Initial stages require releasing the exterior; chronic malaria requires protecting the Spleen and Stomach.
Daily malaria responds to guiding/venting formulas. Every-other-day malaria requires Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) or Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) after venting to support Zheng Qi (Upright Qi). Three-day malaria (San Yin Nüe, 三阴疟) requires tonifying Qi and Blood, plus external application of San Yin Malaria Plaster. Post-recovery, use Bazhen Tang (Eight-Treasure Decoction) or Renshen Yangrong Tang (Ginseng and Nutrient-Qi Decoction) to prevent relapse. Chronic malaria forming masses in the hypochondrium is called Mumai (Mǔmài, 疟母), treated with Mumai Wan (Malaria Mass Pill) or Biejia Jian Wan (Soft-Shelled Turtle Pill). If Spleen deficiency prevents aggressive treatment, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang plus Biejia (Soft-shelled Turtle Shell). Severe heat with constipation and delirium may require Xiaoshi (Mirabilite) and Dahuang (Rhubarb Root) for purging. Deficiency with mild alternating chills/fever may require Renshen and Huang Qi (Astragalus Root) for strong tonification.
Other types include Dan Malaria (Heat > Cold), Wen Malaria (High heat, no cold sensation), Pin Malaria (Cold > Heat), Tan Malaria (Spleen deficiency with phlegm-water vomiting), and Shi Malaria (Abdominal distension/pain, anorexia). Pediatric first-time malaria is called Tai Malaria (Fetal Malaria); it must not be stopped too early nor delayed too long, requiring careful nurturing to prevent Spleen/Stomach damage and emaciation.
Attached Formulas
(1) Renshen Baihu Tang (Ginseng and White Tiger Decoction): Treats heat and thirst. Ingredients: Renshen, Zhimu, Shigao, Tianhuafen, Gegen, Maidong, Zhuye, Jingmi. Modify: Remove Renshen for strong constitutions or excess pathogens initially; add Guizhi for slight chills/sweat; add Dahuang/Huangqin for abdominal fullness, constipation, and delirium.
(2) Xiangru Yin (Elsholtzia Decoction): Treats summer-autumn internal disharmony, dietary irregularities, summer-heat invasion, Yang constrained by Yin pathogens causing headache, fever, aversion to cold, irritability, thirst, abdominal discomfort, pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Ingredients: Xiangru (3 qian), Houpo (1 qian), Baibian Dou (1.5 qian), Gancao (roasted, 1 qian). Decoct in clear water. It is a key herb for summer-damp diarrhea. For alternating chills/fever, add Chenpi/Fuling (2 qian each), Qingpi/Dan Huangqin (1 qian each). Take 2 hours before onset; hot if no sweat, cold if sweating.
(3) Er Chen Tang: See Chapter 1, Section 4.
(4) Weiling Tang: See Chapter 7, Section 3.
(5) Si Ling San: See Chapter 7, Section 4.
(6) Guizhi Tang: See Chapter 4, Section 4.
(7) Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Tang: Treats malaria with more chills than slight fever, or only chills; post-Shanghan sweating then purging errors causing chest/hypochondriac fullness, slight binding, difficult urination, thirst without vomiting, head sweating, alternating chills/fever, and epigastric irritability. Ingredients: Chaihu, Guizhi, Huangqin, Ganjiang, Muli, Gancao, Gualougen. Modify: For loose stools, remove Gualougen/Dan Huangqin, add Baibian Dou.
(8) Fuzi Lizhong Tang: See Chapter 5, Section 4.
(9) Malaria Formula No. 1: Treats malaria. Calms Stomach, resolves phlegm, regulates Qi, removes dampness. Ingredients: Chenpi, Banxia, Baifuling, Weilingxian (1 qian each), Chaihu, Huangqin, Zhi Cangzhu, Houpo (0.8 qian each), Qingpi, Binglang (0.6 qian each), Gancao (roasted, 0.3 qian). Add 3 slices of Shengjiang, decoct in half well-water/half river-water. Add Baizhi (1 qian) for headache. After 2-3 doses, proceed to Formula No. 2.
(10) Malaria Formula No. 2: Treats malaria. Combines tonification and purging, balancing deficiency and excess. Ingredients: Sheng Shouwu (3 qian), Chenpi, Chaihu, Baifuling, Huangqin (0.8 qian each), Baizhu (stir-fried), Danggui, Weilingxian (1 qian each), Zhimu, Biejia (vinegar-processed, powdered, 2 qian), Gancao (roasted, 0.3 qian). Add 3 slices of Shengjiang, decoct in half well-water/half river-water.
(11) Malaria Formula No. 3: Treats deficiency-type malaria, strengthening Yuan Qi to prevent recurrence. Ingredients: Renshen, Baizhu (stir-fried, 1 qian each), Huangqi (roasted), Danggui (1.2 qian each), Chenpi, Chaihu (0.8 qian each), Gancao (roasted, 0.3 qian), Shengma (0.4 qian). Add 1 slice Shengjiang, 1 Dazao, decoct in clear water. Add Shouwu (2 qian), stir-fried Zhimu (2 qian) for hard stools.
(12) Pingwei San: See Chapter 6, Section 3.
(13) Xiao Chaihu Tang: See Chapter 3, Section 7.
(14) Si Jun Zi Tang: See Chapter 3, Section 5.
(15) Buzhong Yiqi Tang: See Chapter 4, Section 4.
(16) San Yin Malaria Plaster (External): Treats San Yin malaria with persistent chills/fever. Ingredients: Shexiang (0.15 qian), Bingpian (1 qian), Fuzi (raw, washed, dried, 2 qian), Baihujiao, Rougui (1.5 qian each), Gong Dingxiang (1 qian). Grind to fine powder. Apply 0.1 qian onto a plaster. Apply to umbilicus at dawn (Wugeng time) on the day of onset, before eating, while warm. Rub 100 times, sleep briefly, then eat. Avoid raw, cold, greasy, egg, wheat, water chestnut, taro, fishy foods.
(17) Bazhen Tang: Harmonizes Ying and Wei, nourishes Blood and Qi. Treats Yin deficiency with internal heat, Spleen/Stomach damage, emaciation. Ingredients: Danggui, Chuanxiong, Baishao, Shudi, Renshen, Baizhu, Fuling, Gancao (roasted). Add Shengjiang, Dazao.
(18) Renshen Yangrong Tang: Raises Yang, nourishes Yin. Treats Spleen/Lung deficiency, fever/aversion to cold, limb fatigue/emaciation, poor appetite/diarrhea, jaundice, ulcer Qi/Blood deficiency, persistent chills/fever, yellow complexion, shortness of breath, non-healing sores, post-illness cough/sweating, tidal fever, dry mouth/poor appetite, palpitations, diarrhea. Ingredients: Renshen, Chenpi, Huangqi (roasted), Guixin, Danggui (wine-soaked), Baizhu, Gancao (roasted, 1 qian each), Baishao (wine-washed, 1.5 qian), Shudi (wine-soaked), Wuweizi (stir-fried/pounded), Fuling (0.75 qian each), Yuanzhi (0.5 qian). Add Shengjiang, Dazao, decoct in clear water.
(19) Mumai Wan: Treats malaria masses hard and painful in the left hypochondrium. Ingredients: Biejia (vinegar-processed, 3 liang), Qingpi (stir-fried), Taoren (stir-fried), Shenqu (stir-fried), Maiya (stir-fried, 1 liang each), Sanleng (vinegar-boiled), E Zhu (vinegar-boiled), Haizhufen (vinegar-boiled, 5 qian each), Xiangfu (vinegar-boiled, 2 liang), Honghua (3 qian). Grind to powder, bind with Shenqu paste into pills the size of paulownia seeds.
(20) Biejia Jian Wan: Treats Mumai. Ingredients: Biejia (roasted, 1.2 liang), Shufu (roasted), Huangqin (0.3 fen each), Chaihu, Danglang (roasted, 0.6 fen each), Ganjiang, Dahuang, Guizhi, Shiwei (de-haired), Houpo, Ziwei, Banxia, Ejiao, Shaoyao, Mudanpi, Chan Chong (roasted, 0.5 fen each), Tingli (stir-fried), Renshen (0.1 fen each), Wushan (burned), Qumai, Fengke (roasted, 0.4 fen each), Chixiao (1.2 qian), Taoren (0.2 fen). Make pills size of paulownia seeds. Take 7 pills, 3 times daily. Avoid raw, cold, eggs, beans, wheat.
(21) Jinjina Shuang (Cinchona Bark/Cinchonidine): Treats all malaria, chronic persistent malaria, and San Yin malaria.