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The manifestations of Interior Cold syndrome: Normal urination and defecation, bluish complexion with white eyes. This may be due to inherent deficiency of the Zang-Fu organs, or misadministration of cold-natured medicines, resulting in pale sores, mental fatigue, vomiting and diarrhea, nausea, shortness of breath, and cold limbs, or abdominal distension and pain, causing the eruption of smallpox to be sluggish, or having erupted but sinking inward, collapsing, or scabbing prematurely. It is appropriate to use Liuqi Jian (Six Qi Decoction), Jiawei Yigong Jian (Nine-Ingredient Modified Yi Gong Decoction), Shierwei Yigong San (Twelve-Ingredient Yi Gong Powder) and similar formulas as the main treatment. If the lesions have fully appeared, or during the stage of blister filling, and mismanagement by cold medicines has led to vomiting, diarrhea, severe chills, and teeth grinding, Muxiang San (Aucklandia Powder) and Shierwei Yigong San (Twelve-Ingredient Yi Gong Powder) are appropriate. However, these two formulas are sufficient in warming but insufficient in tonifying; it is better to use Jiawei Yigong Jian (Nine-Ingredient Modified Yi Gong Decoction) for optimal effect. If abdominal distension and pain, or vomiting and diarrhea, are caused by mistakenly consuming raw or cold foods, Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) added with Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) and Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), or Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) added with Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) and Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), should be used. If stomach Qi deficiency and cold present with abdominal pain that prefers pressure, Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (Astragalus Decoctum to Establish the Middle) is indicated. If spleen and kidney deficiency-cold present with lower abdominal pain and continuous diarrhea, Weiguan Jian (Stomach Gate Decoction) is indicated. Generally speaking, Interior Cold syndromes must result from the misadministration of cold-natured and purgative agents. Regrettably, recent pediatric practitioners lack precise and clear understanding, being superficial and impetuous, recklessly using cold medicines, thereby injuring the children's Yang Qi and causing Interior deficiency with adverse transformations, leading to many deaths. This is deeply pitiable. Those with a conscience should know how to reflect upon themselves.

The manifestations of Interior Heat syndrome: Restlessness, delirious speech, dry mouth with excessive thirst, internal heat with spontaneous sweating, dark and scanty urine, constipation, and a deep, rapid, and forceful pulse. Tuohuo Dan (Fire-Removing Pill) and Sishun Qingliang Yin (Four-Smooth Clearing-Cooling Decoction) are appropriate. If epistaxis occurs, Yuanshen Dihuang Tang (Scrophulariae and Rehmanniae Decoction) added with Chenmo Zhi (Ink Juice) is indicated. For hematuria, Dali Qingyin (Great Purification Decoction) is indicated. If epistaxis or hematuria occurs while the rash is about to appear or has not yet appeared, Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmanniae Decoction) is appropriate for all cases. After bleeding stops, immediately use Tianyuan Tang (Nourishing Origin Decoction), possibly adding Mutong (Akebiae Caulis). If fever appears initially accompanied by excessive thirst, cracked lips, and dry tongue, Gegen Jiedu Tang (Puerariae Root and Detoxification Decoction) is indicated. If fire forces Metal (Lungs) leading to diarrhea with heat, the pulse will likely be surging and rapid, with high body heat, extreme thirst, preference for cold and aversion to heat, restlessness, profuse sweating, chest fullness, coarse breathing, swollen red-purple rash color, hot and red mouth and nose, painful and difficult urination, and inherent robust constitution, Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) is indicated. However, this syndrome is rare; one must absolutely not misuse this formula to treat deficiency-cold diarrhea. Be extremely cautious. Or, when no spots are visible yet, if there is throat swelling and pain, Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction) added with Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus) is indicated. If throat pain occurs when the rash has fully appeared and is rising/filling, this is because the rash inside the throat causes pain; it will heal itself during the scabbing stage and requires no treatment. If the rash has fully appeared, but spleen and lung heat cause thirst with preference for cold drinks, Renshen Maidong San (Ginseng and Ophiopogonis Powder) is indicated. If the rash appears mixed with measles, accompanied by restlessness, excessive thirst, delirium, and visual hallucinations, Shuangjie San (Double-Resolution Powder) is indicated. All the above should be cross-referenced with respective sections. Only if it is truly an Interior Heat syndrome can errors be avoided. If there is any ambiguity, the harm to people will be profound. Be extremely cautious.