调胃承气汤 治太阳阳明。不恶寒。反恶热。大便秘结。日晡潮热。（凡阳明病有二证在经者当解肌。入腑者当攻下。）
大黄 芒硝 甘草（各等分）。
上 咀。每用一二钱。量儿大小。水煎消息服之。
四顺清凉饮 治大人小儿血脉壅实。脏腑生热。面赤烦渴。睡卧不宁。大便秘结。
大黄 当归 芍药 甘草（各等分）
上 咀。量儿大小。每服一二钱。水煎服。
小儿属寒之症。有外感。有内伤。有症变虚寒。三者不同。治法各异。假如内伤。必由
脾土虚寒。或禀赋不足。或将护失宜。或乳哺不节。以致食不运化。
而见清冷吐泻者。但察其面色萎黄。肢凉神倦。脉沉无力。安静不渴。此属阳虚生寒。
宜五君子煎。理中汤主之。抑或能食之儿。过餐生冷。而见上项诸症者。亦理中汤主之。至若
症变虚寒。则由元气素虚。五脏亏损。或因寒凉克伐。阳气受伤。而见面青唇黯。吐泻手足
并冷者。此属脾土虚寒。干姜理中汤主之。若面色 白。吐泻腹痛。口鼻气冷者。属寒水侮
土。益黄散主之。若更兼吃逆。手足指冷。用六君子汤加炮姜肉桂。如不应。急加附子。其
次。或以病后。或以吐泻。或以误用药饵。或受风寒。而致气微神缓。昏睡露睛。痰鸣气促
。惊跳搐搦。如俗所谓慢惊者。此属脾肾虚寒之候。宜温补之。详见辨惊风之误论。再其
次。则脾肾虚寒之甚。以致吐泻不止者。宜附子理阴煎。或六味回阳饮。量儿大小与之
。若但泄泻不止者。宜胃关煎主之。
第吐泻之症。亦间有属热者。但当以手足寒温脉象迟数。面色青赤。渴与
不渴为辨。至如外感寒邪。则其病在表。宜详表论。兹不
复赘。此外。则又有初生小儿。百日之内。觉口冷腹痛。身起寒粟。时发战栗。曲足握拳。
昼夜啼哭不已。或口噤不开者。名曰胎寒。亦或生后昏昏多睡。间或 乳泻白。若不早治。
心变虚寒败症。宜以冲和饮。当归散。合和水煨姜煎服之。使之微泄。泄行。进匀气散调补
。泄止气匀。神安痛定。手足舒伸。次用参苓白术散。以养胃气。白芍药汤。去其寒湿。乳
母宜节生冷冻饮料食。庶易瘥也。又手足稍冷。唇面微青。额上汗出。罔顾乳食。至夜多啼。夜
重日轻。腹痛肠鸣。泄泻清水。间有不泄。颇似前症。但无口冷寒战者。名曰脏寒。亦在百
日之内有之。
皆因临产在地稍久。冷气侵逼。或以凉水搀汤洗儿。或断脐带短而又结缚不紧。为寒气
所
伤。如此宜以白芍药汤。及冲和饮。加盐炒茴香茱萸水姜煎。乳母同服。又胃中虚冷。面色
白。腹痛不思食者。益黄散主之。若不下利。调中丸主之。大都小儿病症。虚寒者多。凡
一见面色青白。肢冷神疲。脉沉无力。蜷曲而卧。食少不渴。声音迟缓者。皆是虚寒之候。
急宜温补业。幼科者。毋得狃于俗见。谬谓小儿阳体多热。不敢温补。致多害事。宜深戒之
Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Purge the Bowels Decoction): Treats Taiyang-Yangming combined disease. Symptoms include aversion to cold being absent, but rather aversion to heat, constipation of feces, and tidal fever occurring at Shen hour (15:00–17:00) daily. (Note: Yangming disease has two patterns: those in the meridians should be treated with muscle-releasing methods, while those entering the fu organs should be treated with purgative methods.)
Ingredients: Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) in equal parts.
Preparation and Administration: Cut the herbs into small pieces. Use 1–2 qian per dose, depending on the child's age. Decoct in water and administer after careful consideration.
Sishun Qingliang Yin (Four-Obedient Cooling Clearing Drink): Treats blood vessel congestion and excess patterns in adults and children, and heat generated in the zang-fu organs. Symptoms include red face, irritability, thirst, restless sleep, and constipation.
Ingredients: Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) in equal parts.
Preparation and Administration: Cut the herbs into small pieces. Use 1–2 qian per dose based on the child's age. Decoct in water and administer.
Pediatric conditions classified as cold involve three categories: external contraction, internal injury, and transformation into deficiency-cold. These three differ, and their treatment methods vary.
If it is internal injury, it is necessarily due to deficiency-cold of the Spleen Earth, or insufficient congenital endowment, or improper nursing care, or irregular breastfeeding, leading to failure of food digestion and transformation. This manifests as vomiting and diarrhea of a clear-cold nature. Observe if the complexion is sallow, limbs are cool, spirit is fatigued, pulse is deep and forceless, the patient is quiet, and there is no thirst. This belongs to yang deficiency generating cold. It is suitable to use Wu Junzi Jian (Five Gentlemen Decoction), with Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) as the principal formula. Alternatively, for children who can eat but have overconsumed raw and cold foods, presenting with the aforementioned symptoms, Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) is also used as the principal formula. Regarding transformation into deficiency-cold, this arises from innate deficiency of yuan qi (primordial qi), damage to the five zang organs, or injury to yang qi due to harsh cold-purging medications. Symptoms include bluish-green complexion, dark lips, vomiting and diarrhea with cold hands and feet. This belongs to deficiency-cold of Spleen Earth, treated with Ganjiang Lizhong Tang (Dried Ginger Regulate the Middle Decoction). If the complexion is pale, accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cold breath from mouth and nose, this belongs to Cold Water insulting Earth (Kidney cold invading Spleen), treated with Yihuang San (Yellow Protector Powder). If accompanied by hiccups and cold fingertips, use Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) added with Paojiang (Fried Ginger) and Rougui (Cinnamon Bark). If ineffective, urgently add Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata).
Secondly, some cases arise post-illness, or due to vomiting and diarrhea, or misuse of medicines, or exposure to wind-cold, resulting in faint qi, sluggish spirit, drowsiness with eyes half-open (exposed pupils), phlegm rattle, rapid breathing, startle jumps, and convulsions, commonly known as "Slow Convulsion" (Man Jing Feng). This belongs to the pattern of Spleen-Kidney deficiency-cold, suitable for warming and tonifying. See "Discussion on Errors in Treating Convulsions" for details.
Thirdly, when Spleen-Kidney deficiency-cold is severe, causing unceasing vomiting and diarrhea, use Fuzi Liyin Jian (Aconite Nourishing Yin Decoction) or Liuwei Huiyang Yin (Six-Ingredient Returning Yang Drink), dosed according to the child's age. If only unceasing diarrhea occurs, weigu Guan Jian (Stomach Gate Decoction) is appropriate as the principal formula.
However, vomiting and diarrhea can occasionally belong to heat patterns. Differentiation should be made based on the temperature of hands and feet, the speed of the pulse (slow or rapid), the color of the complexion (bluish-green or red), and the presence or absence of thirst. As for external contraction of cold pathogens, the disease is at the exterior level; refer to the discussion on exterior patterns for details, which will not be repeated here.
Furthermore, newborn infants within one hundred days may experience cold mouth and abdomen, cold gooseflesh on the body, frequent shivering, flexed legs with clenched fists, ceaseless crying day and night, or trismus (lockjaw). This is named Taihan (Fetal Cold). Or, after birth, they may be lethargic and sleepy, occasionally spitting up white curds or having white stools. If not treated early, the Heart may develop deficiency-cold and failing patterns. It is suitable to use Chonghe Yin (Harmonizing Drink) and Danggui San (Angelica Powder), decocted with water and Wei Jiang (Baked Ginger), to induce slight diarrhea. Once diarrhea begins, switch to Yunqi San (Qi-Smoothing Powder) for regulation and tonification. When diarrhea stops, qi becomes even, spirit is calm, pain subsides, and limbs extend, subsequently use Shenling Baizhu San (Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) to nourish Stomach qi, and Baishaoyao Tang (White Peony Decoction) to dispel cold-dampness. The nursing mother should avoid raw, cold, and frozen foods and drinks, so recovery is easier.
Another condition involves slightly cold hands and feet, slightly bluish-green lips and face, sweating on the forehead, refusal to nurse or eat, increased crying at night (worse at night, lighter during the day), abdominal pain, borborygmus, and watery diarrhea, sometimes without diarrhea. This resembles the previous symptoms but lacks cold mouth and shivering. This is named Zanghan (Visceral Cold), also occurring within the first hundred days.
This is caused by prolonged labor in the birth canal allowing cold qi to invade, washing the infant with cold water mixed with hot water, or umbilical cord ligation being too short and loose, injuring the infant with cold qi. In such cases, use Baishaoyao Tang (White Peony Decoction) and Chonghe Yin (Harmonizing Drink), added with salt-fried Huixiang (Fennel Fruit) and Zhuyu (Evodia Fruit), decocted with Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), administered to both infant and nursing mother.
Additionally, for deficiency-cold in the Stomach, pale complexion, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite, Yihuang San (Yellow Protector Powder) is the principal formula. If there is no diarrhea, Tiaozhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill) is used.
Generally, pediatric diseases are mostly deficiency-cold. Whenever one sees a bluish-white complexion, cold limbs, mental fatigue, deep and forceless pulse, curled-up posture, poor appetite without thirst, and slow speech, these are all signs of deficiency-cold. Urgent warming and tonification are required. Pediatric practitioners must not adhere to vulgar views that erroneously consider children to have pure-yang constitutions prone to heat, thereby fearing warming and tonification, which leads to harm. This should be deeply guarded against.