《经》曰∶自天子至于庶人,孝无终始,而患不及者,未之有也。人子以纯孝之心,竭
力事亲,无终始不及之理。惟供养之有浓薄,由贫富之有分限。人居富贵,有浓于己而薄于
亲者,人所不录,天所不容,虽处富贵而即贫贱也;人虽居贫贱,能约于己而丰于亲者,人
所推仰,天所助与,虽处贫贱而即富贵也。作善,降之百祥;作不善,降之百殃。善,莫大
于孝,孝感于天,故天与之福,所以虽贫贱而即富贵也;罪,莫大于不孝,不孝感于天,故
天与之祸,所以虽富贵而即贫贱也。善恶之报,其犹影响,为人子者,可不信乎?
奉亲之道,亦不在日用三牲,但能承顺父母颜色,尽其孝心,随其所有,此顺天之理也
。其温浓之家,不可慢于老者。尽根据养老之方,励力行之。其贫下阙乏之家,养老之法,虽
有奉行之心,而无奉行之力者,但随家丰俭,竭力于亲,约礼设具,使老者知其罄力事奉而
止。将见孝心感格,阴灵默佑,如姜诗之跃鲤,孟宗之泣笋,无非孝感所致。此行孝之验
也!
虑孝子顺孙,有窘乏不能根据此法者,意有不足,故立此贫富祸福之说以齐之。
人,万物中一物也,不能逃天地之数。若天癸数穷,则精血耗竭,神气浮弱,返同小儿
,全假将护以助衰晚。
若遇水火、兵寇、非横惊怖之事,必先扶持老人于安稳处避之,不可喧忙惊动。尊年之
人,一遭大惊,便致冒昧,因生余疾。凡丧葬凶祸,不可令吊;疾病危困,不可令惊;悲哀
忧愁,不可令人预报;秽恶臭败,不可令食;粘硬毒物,不可令餐;敝漏卑湿,不可令居;
卒风暴寒,不可令冒;烦暑燠热,不可令中;动作行步,不可令劳;暮夜之食,不可令饱;
阴雾晦暝,不可令饥;假借鞍马,不可令乘;偏僻药饵,不可令服;废宅 宇,不可令入;
坟园荒墓,不可令游;危险之地,不可令行;涧渊之水,不可令渡;暗昧之室,不可
令孤;凶祸远报,不可令知;轻薄婢使,不可令亲;家缘冗事,不可令管。
若此事类颇多,不克备举。但人子悉意深虑,过为之防,稍有不便于老人者,皆宜忌之
,以保长年。常宜游息精兰,崇尚佛事,使神识趣向,一归善道。此养老之奇术也。
The *Classic* (Huangdi Neijing) states: From the Son of Heaven to the common people, if one does not maintain filial piety from beginning to end, yet worries that misfortune will befall them, such a case has never existed. As children, with a pure heart of filial piety and striving one's utmost to serve parents, there is no reason for failing to maintain consistency. The only difference lies in whether the support is abundant or meager, determined by the limits of wealth or poverty. If a person lives in riches and honor but is generous to oneself and stingy to parents, they are not accepted by people nor tolerated by Heaven; although living in riches, they are essentially poor and lowly. Conversely, if a person lives in poverty and lowliness but can restrain themselves to provide abundantly for parents, they are admired by people and assisted by Heaven; although living in poverty, they are essentially rich and honorable. Doing good brings down all kinds of auspiciousness; doing evil brings down all kinds of calamities. Among good deeds, none is greater than filial piety. Filial piety moves Heaven, so Heaven bestows blessings upon them; thus, even in poverty, they become rich. Among sins, none is greater than unfilial conduct. Unfilial conduct moves Heaven, so Heaven inflicts disaster upon them; thus, even in riches, they become poor. The retribution of good and evil is as certain as shadows following forms and echoes responding to sounds. Can children fail to believe this?
The way to serve parents does not depend on having beef, mutton, and pork in daily life, but rather on accommodating the parents' expressions and desires, exhausting one's filial heart, and providing according to what is available. This conforms to the principle of Heaven. Those in wealthy households must not neglect the elderly. They should strictly follow methods for caring for the aged and strive to practice them. In poor and lacking households, although there may be the intention to support parents but not the means, one should act according to the family's abundance or frugality, exerting utmost effort for parents, observing propriety in preparing utensils, so that the elderly know their children have done their utmost. It will be seen that filial piety resonates with the spiritual realm, and invisible spirits silently bless, just as Jiang Shi produced leaping carp and Meng Zao wept forth bamboo shoots. All these are results of filial piety. These are the validations of filial conduct!
Considering that filial sons and grandsons may face difficulties preventing them from fully implementing these methods, leading to inner dissatisfaction, I have established this discourse on fortune and misfortune regarding wealth and poverty to balance their minds.
Humans are but one among all things, unable to escape the numbers decreed by Heaven and Earth. When the natural lifespan reaches its limit, essence and blood are exhausted, spirit and qi become floating and weak, reverting to a state like that of infants, relying entirely on nursing and care to assist in the declining years.
If encountering disasters of water and fire, banditry, or unexpected frights, one must first support the elderly to a safe place to avoid danger, without making noise or causing commotion. Elderly persons, once subjected to great fright, may become confused and develop residual illnesses. Regarding funerals and tragedies, do not allow them to attend mourning ceremonies; when ill and critical, do not startle them; regarding sorrow and grief, do not inform them in advance; regarding foul, rotten, or smelly food, do not let them eat it; regarding sticky, hard, or toxic substances, do not let them consume them; regarding dilapidated, leaky, low-lying, or damp dwellings, do not let them reside there; against sudden storms and severe cold, do not expose them; against oppressive heat and summer heat, do not let them suffer; regarding physical exertion and walking, do not fatigue them; at night, do not let them eat until full; during foggy and dark weather, do not let them go hungry; regarding borrowed saddles and horses, do not let them ride; regarding eccentric or unverified medicines, do not let them take them; regarding abandoned houses, do not let them enter; regarding desolate graveyards, do not let them tour; regarding dangerous places, do not let them walk; across deep ravines and abysses, do not let them cross; in dimly lit rooms, do not leave them alone; regarding distant reports of misfortune, do not let them know; regarding frivolous maids and servants, do not let them associate closely; regarding household chores and busy affairs, do not let them manage.
There are many such matters that cannot be exhaustively listed. As long as children think deeply and cautiously, taking excessive precautions, any matter that might inconvenience the elderly should be avoided to preserve longevity. One should often allow the elderly to rest in beautiful gardens and promote Buddhist practices, so that their consciousness and aspirations consistently return to the path of goodness. This is an extraordinary method for caring for the aged.