黄帝问于岐伯曰。余欲无视色持脉。独调其尺。以言其病。从外知内。为之奈何。岐伯曰。审其尺之缓急。小大滑
涩肉之坚脆。而病形定矣。视人之目窠上。微痈。如新卧起状。其颈脉动。时咳。按其手足上。 而不起者。风水肤胀
也。尺肤滑其淖泽者。风也。尺肉弱者解 。安卧脱肉者寒热。不治。尺肤滑而泽脂者。风也。尺肤涩者。风痹也。尺
肤粗如枯鱼之鳞者。水 饮也。尺肤热甚。脉盛躁者。病温也。其脉盛而滑者。汗且出也。尺肤寒。其脉小者。泄少气。
尺肤炬然。先热后寒者。寒热也。尺肤先寒。久持之而热者。亦寒热也。肘所独热者。腰以上热。手所独热者。腰以下
热。肘前独热者。膺前热。肘后独热者。肩背热。臂中独热者。腰腹热。肘后粗以下三四寸热者。肠中有虫。掌中热者
腹中热。掌中寒者腹中寒。鱼上白肉有青血脉者。胃中有寒。尺炬然热。人迎大者。当夺血。尺坚大。脉小甚。少气 。
有加。立死。目赤色者。病在心。白在肺。青在肝。黄在脾。黑在肾。黄色不可名者。病在胸中。诊目痛。赤脉从上下
者太阳病。从下上者阳明病。从外走内者少阳病。诊寒热。赤脉上下至瞳子。见一脉。一岁死。见一脉半。一岁半死。
见二脉。二岁死。见二脉半。二岁半死。见三脉。三岁死。诊龋齿痛。按其阳之来。有过者独热。在左左热。在右右热。
在上上热。在下下热。诊血脉者。多赤多热。多青多痛。多黑为久痹。多赤多黑多青皆见者寒热。身痛而色微黄。齿垢
黄。爪甲上黄。黄胆也。安卧。小便黄赤。脉小而涩者。不嗜食。人病。其寸口之脉。与人迎之脉小大等。及其浮沉等
者。病难已也。女子。手少阴脉动甚者。妊子婴儿病。其头毛皆逆上者必死。耳间青脉起者掣痛。大便赤瓣飧泄。脉小
者。手足寒。难已。飧泄。脉小。手足温。泄易已。四时之变。寒暑之胜。重阴必阳。重阳必阴。故阴主寒。阳主热。
故寒甚则热。热甚则寒。故曰寒生热。热生寒。此阴阳之变也。故曰冬伤于寒。春生瘅热。春伤于风。夏生飧泄肠 。
夏伤于暑。秋生 疟。秋伤于湿。冬生咳嗽。是谓四时之序也。
条列事类而用笔之长短伸缩无理法可寻。不及前卷寒热癫狂诸篇矣。至其事理明备业道者。宜详察之。
Huangdi asked Qibo: I wish to diagnose without observing facial color or holding the pulse, but solely by regulating and examining the Chi skin (the skin on the inner forearm from elbow to wrist) to discuss the disease, knowing the interior from the exterior. How should this be done?
Qibo replied: Carefully examine the slackness or tightness, smallness or largeness, smoothness or roughness of the Chi skin, and the hardness or fragility of the flesh, and the form of the disease will be determined.
Observe if the upper eyelids of a person are slightly swollen, resembling the appearance after just waking up; if the neck vessels are pulsating and there is occasional coughing; if pressing the dorsum of the hands and feet leaves an indentation that does not rise immediately, this indicates Fengshui (Wind-Water edema) and Fuzhang (Skin distension).
If the Chi skin is smooth and glossy, it indicates Wind disease.
If the flesh at the Chi region is weak, with lethargy and desire to lie down, and emaciation, it indicates Hanre (Cold-Heat disorder), which is difficult to treat.
If the Chi skin is smooth and has a greasy luster, it indicates Wind disease.
If the Chi skin is rough like the scales of a dried fish, it indicates Shuiyin (Water retention).
If the Chi skin is very hot and the pulse is vigorous and restless, it indicates Wenbing (Warm disease). If the pulse is vigorous and slippery, sweat is about to appear.
If the Chi skin is cold and the pulse is small, it indicates Xie (Diarrhea) and Shaqi (Shortness of Qi).
If the Chi skin is burning hot, feeling hot first and then cold, it indicates Hanre (Cold-Heat disorder).
If the Chi skin feels cold initially and becomes hot after prolonged palpation, it also indicates Hanre (Cold-Heat disorder).
If only the elbows are hot, the upper half of the waist is hot. If only the hands are hot, the lower half of the waist is hot.
If only the front of the elbows is hot, the anterior chest is hot. If only the back of the elbows is hot, the shoulders and back are hot.
If only the middle of the arms is hot, the waist and abdomen are hot.
If the area three to four cun below the posterior aspect of the elbow is hot, there are intestinal parasites.
If the center of the palm is hot, the abdomen is hot. If the center of the palm is cold, the abdomen is cold.
If there are blue blood vessels on the white flesh above the大鱼际 (Thenar eminence), there is cold in the Stomach.
If the Chi skin is burning hot and the Renying pulse (Renying point/carotid artery) is large, blood loss should occur.
If the Chi skin is hard and large, but the pulse is extremely small, accompanied by shortness of Qi, and the condition worsens, death will occur immediately.
Red eyes indicate disease in the Heart. White eyes indicate disease in the Lungs. Blue/Green eyes indicate disease in the Liver. Yellow eyes indicate disease in the Spleen. Black eyes indicate disease in the Kidneys. If the yellow color cannot be clearly defined, the disease is in the Chest center.
In diagnosing eye pain: Red vessels extending from top to bottom indicate Taiyang Bing (Taiyang Disease); from bottom to top indicate Yangming Bing (Yangming Disease); from outside moving inward indicate Shaoyang Bing (Shaoyang Disease).
In diagnosing Cold-Heat disorders: If red vessels extend up and down to the pupil, seeing one vessel indicates death in one year; seeing one and a half vessels indicates death in one and a half years; seeing two vessels indicates death in two years; seeing two and a half vessels indicates death in two and a half years; seeing three vessels indicates death in three years.
In diagnosing toothache caused by cavities: Palpate the Yang meridians; where there is an excess, there will be isolated heat. Heat on the left indicates heat on the left; heat on the right indicates heat on the right; heat above indicates heat above; heat below indicates heat below.
In diagnosing blood vessels: Many red indicates many heat; many blue/green indicates many pain; many black indicates chronic Bi (Bi syndrome); if red, black, and green all appear together, it indicates Hanre (Cold-Heat disorder). Body pain with slightly yellow complexion, yellow dental plaque, and yellow nails indicates Huangdan (Jaundice).
Lethargy, yellow-red urine, and a small and choppy pulse indicate lack of appetite.
If a patient's Cun Kou pulse (Radial artery) and Ren Ying pulse are equal in size and depth, the disease is difficult to cure.
If the Shao Yin pulse (Shenmen point on the radial artery) beats strongly in women, she is pregnant.
If an infant's illness causes all head hair to stand erect, death is certain.
If blue vessels appear between the ears, it causes pulling pain.
Stool containing undigested food particles with red streaks, known as Sun Xie (Sunning diarrhea), with a small pulse and cold hands and feet, is difficult to cure. If Sun Xie presents with a small pulse but warm hands and feet, the diarrhea is easy to cure.
The changes of the four seasons and the dominance of cold and heat follow the principle that extreme Yin transforms into Yang, and extreme Yang transforms into Yin. Thus, Yin governs cold, and Yang governs heat. Therefore, extreme cold generates heat, and extreme heat generates cold. It is said that cold generates heat, and heat generates cold; this is the transformation of Yin and Yang.
Thus, it is said: Injury to cold in winter leads to Dan Re (Intense Heat) in spring; injury to wind in spring leads to Sun Xie (Sunning diarrhea) and Chang Pi (Intestinal dysentery) in summer; injury to summer-heat in summer leads to Nue (Malaria) in autumn; injury to dampness in autumn leads to Ke Sou (Cough) in winter. This is called the order of the four seasons.
Here, matters are listed categorically, and the writing style varies in length and extension without fixed rules, lacking the completeness found in previous volumes regarding Hanre (Cold-Heat) and Dian Kuang (Epilepsy and Mania). Those engaged in the medical profession should carefully examine the clear and complete principles presented herein.