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The *Classic of Medicine* (*Huangdi Neijing*) states: Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) is the refined essence derived from food and drink. It harmonizes within the five Zang organs, spreads throughout the six Fu organs, and only then can it enter the vessels. It is generated by the Spleen, governed by the Heart, stored and received by the Liver, distributed by the Lung, and excreted by the Kidney. It moistens and nourishes, ensuring unobstructed flow, all originating from this mechanism. The occurrence of hematemesis (vomiting blood) is due to the rebellion of Ying and Wei (Defensive) Qi. The *Classic* also states: Coughing up blood indicates injury to the Yang vessels. The Heart is the master of Blood; the Lung is the master of Qi. Qi primarily provides warming, while Blood primarily provides nourishment. Together they nourish the bones and tissues, irrigate the sinews and vessels. Ying and Wei Qi complement each other, ascending and descending in order, naturally smooth and appropriate, adhering to the normal path. If injured in any way, disease arises. This may be due to external invasion by the Six Excesses (pathogenic factors) or internal disturbance by the Seven Emotions. Qi stagnates and fails to move, Blood becomes congested and fails to nourish. Internal and external depression prevents free flow and distribution. Thus, extreme heat surges and leaks; how could there not be the danger of reckless bleeding? After long-term stagnation, the rushing upward momentum is hard to control, resembling the fierce drive of rapid movement. Blood is like water; if breached on the east, it flows east; if breached on the west, it flows west. This is Qi causing Blood to move; their dynamics are mutually reinforcing! Therefore, when Qi rebels, Blood also rebels. Moreover, excess Qi transforms into Fire. Fire attacks Blood; encountering heat, it moves recklessly, overflowing without restraint, rushing upward to cause hematemesis. There are cases caused by overeating where cold in the Stomach fails to digest, leading to vomiting undigested food. When Qi and Blood clash, injuring the Lung and Stomach, hematemesis can occur. However, the Yangming channel governs abundant Blood. If heat is constrained internally, allowing reckless movement, thus among children with hematemesis, those attributable to the Stomach account for seven or eight out of ten. Furthermore, infants still in swaddling clothes who vomit blood often do so due to heavy curtains and warm rooms where fire-heat steams and presses, or from excessive consumption of pungent-spicy foods. Heat flows into the milk channels; after the infant drinks, it stagnates and does not disperse. Accumulated warmth generates heat; extreme heat bursts upward. Consequently, symptoms such as vomiting, epistaxis (nosebleed), or lower bleeding as hematuria (blood in urine) may occur. If chronic cough leads to Qi rebellion, accompanied by facial edema and hemoptysis/hematemesis during coughing, this indicates deficiency and damage of the Lung. Treatment should follow the specific symptoms.

To treat hematemesis and hematochezia/melena in children:
Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, processed by stir-frying) [1 qian]
Gefen (Clam Shell Powder) [1 qian]
Chensha (Cinnabar, prepared by water levigation)
Grind into powder. Take with juice of Lotus Rhizome (*Nelumbinis Rhizoma*) and white honey mixed together.

Another prescription:
To resolve stasis and stop bleeding, use dried Lotus Node (*Nelumbinis Nodus*), grind into powder. Decoct with Ginseng Root (*Ren Shen*) and white honey in water, then take the decoction.