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The Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian originates in the middle jiao (Middle Burner), descends to connect with the Large Intestine, emerges from the贲门 (cardia/pylorus region), ascends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Lung. It follows the lung system (trachea and bronchi), emerges horizontally from the throat to the axilla, descends along the anterior aspect of the upper arm, passes through the cubital fossa, reaches the cunkou (radial artery pulse point), ascends to the thenar eminence (Yuji), and terminates at the medial root of the nail on the thumb. Its branch separates from the wrist, runs to the radial side of the index finger, and connects with the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi but scarce Blood. When the meridian is affected by pathogenic factors, symptoms include cough, asthma, lung distension, hypochondriac fullness, and pain in the supraclavicular fossa; crossing both hands over the chest indicates Bi Jue (Arm Jue syndrome). Diseases generated by this meridian involve qi rebellion with cough, asthma, thirst, irritability, chest fullness and stagnation, pain along the anterolateral aspect of the arm, frequent urination, and heat in the palm. Qi deficiency manifests as cold pain in the shoulder and back; Qi excess manifests as pain, sweating, aversion to wind, yawning, shortness of breath, insufficient respiration, involuntary urination, and red urine.

The Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian originates at Shangyang (LI1) on the radial side of the index finger, ascends along the radial border of the finger, emerges at Hegu (LI4) between the first and second metacarpal bones, ascends along the lateral aspect of the forearm, passes the lateral elbow, travels along the anterolateral aspect of the upper arm to the anterior shoulder tip, descends along the paravertebral region, enters the supraclavicular fossa, connects with the Lung, descends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Large Intestine. Its branch rises from the supraclavicular fossa to the neck, crosses the cheek, enters the lower gum, emerges around the mouth, crosses at Renzhong (GV26), distributes to both sides of the nose, and injects into Yingxiang (LI20) to connect with the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi and Blood. Meridian disturbance causes neck swelling and toothache. Diseases generated include epistaxis, yellow eyes, dry mouth, bi syndrome of the throat, difficulty using the thumb and index finger, and continuous pain in the anterior-lateral shoulder. Excess leads to hot pulses; deficiency leads to worsening cold.

The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian begins beside the nose, descends along the nasal exterior into the upper gum, emerges around the mouth, intersects at Chengjiang (CV24), ascends along Daying (ST5) and Jiache (ST6) to the hairline at the temple. Its branch descends from below Renying (ST9) through the diaphragm, enters the Stomach, and connects with the Spleen. The main trunk descends from the supraclavicular fossa past the breast, another branch descends from the stomach through the abdomen to Qichong (ST30). From there, it passes Biguan (ST31) to the patella. One branch enters the third toe; another descends to Zusanli (ST36); a separate branch exits the foot dorsum to the big toe, where the meridian ends. This meridian has abundant Qi and Blood. Disturbance causes yawning, dark complexion, aversion to cold and people, startle at wooden sounds, climbing and singing, discarding clothes, abdominal distension, and borborygmi, constituting Jue syndromes. Diseases generated include mania, malaria, damp-warmth, sweating, epistaxis, cracked lips, throat bi, knee pain, abdominal masses, and pain in the chest, thigh, leg, foot, and toes. Excess causes hunger and yellow urine; deficiency causes cold shivering, gastric distension, and indigestion. Excess brings heat to the front of the body.

The Hand-Taiyin Spleen Meridian originates at the tip of the big toe, ascends along the medial white flesh margin, passes behind the medial malleolus, ascends along the tibia, knee, and medial thigh into the abdomen, belongs to the Spleen, connects with the Stomach, and communicates with the diaphragm. It flanks the throat, connects to the tongue, and spreads under the tongue. A branch leaves the stomach, enters the Heart. This meridian has abundant Qi but scarce Blood. Disturbance causes vomiting after eating, epigastric pain, body pain, abdominal distension, belching, and stiff tongue base. Diseases generated include tongue pain, heavy body, anorexia, heart irritability, subcostal pain, watery diarrhea, loose stools, abdominal masses, cold malaria, insomnia, swelling of thighs and knees when standing, jaundice, and big toe atrophy.

The Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian originates in the Heart, descends through the diaphragm to connect directly with the Small Intestine. A branch rises from the lung system to the throat and eye system. The main trunk emerges from the axilla, descends along the posterior-medial aspect of the upper arm and forearm, passes Shaohai (HT3), reaches the ulnar styloid process, and injects into Shaochong (HT9). This meridian has abundant Qi but scarce Blood. Disturbance causes heart fatigue, unbearable heart pain, thirst, and dry throat. Diseases generated include hypochondriac pain, yellowish eyes, pain in the posterior-medial arm, and heat in the palm.

The Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian originates at Shaoze (SI1) on the ulnar side of the little finger, ascends along the lateral hand, emerges at the wrist, ascends along the ulnar forearm, passes the medial elbow, travels along the posterior-lateral upper arm, passes the shoulder joint, wraps around the scapula, intersects at the shoulder, descends into the supraclavicular fossa, connects with the Heart, follows the esophagus, descends through the diaphragm, reaches the Stomach, and belongs to the Small Intestine. A branch rises from the supraclavicular fossa through the neck and cheek to the outer canthus, re-enters the ear, ascends along the ear to the cheek, reaches the nose, and connects with the Bladder Meridian. This meridian has scarce Qi but abundant Blood. Disturbance causes pain, sore throat, submandibular swelling, inability to turn the head, shoulder pain like pulling, and elbow pain like breaking. Diseases generated include shoulder pain, deafness, yellow eyes, swollen cheeks, and pain in the posterior-lateral elbow and arm.

The Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian originates at the inner canthus, ascends to the vertex. A branch goes from the vertex to the ear. The main trunk enters the brain from the vertex, emerges at the nape, descends along the shoulders and spine to the loins, enters the Kidneys, and connects with the Bladder. A branch connects with the genitalia, passes through the buttocks to Weizhong (BL40). Another branch descends along the spine, passes the ankles, and reaches the lateral foot. This meridian has abundant Blood but scarce Qi. Disturbance causes severe headache, stiff neck, broken-back sensation, thigh stiffness, and ankle Jue with tendon injury. Diseases generated include malaria, hemorrhoids, little toe paralysis, vertex pain, yellow eyes, low back and leg pain, tearing, epistaxis, and madness.

The Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian originates at Yongquan (KI1) under the ball of the foot, ascends behind the medial malleolus, enters the heel, ascends along the medial thigh, penetrates the spine, belongs to the Kidneys, and connects with the Bladder. The main trunk passes through the Liver and Diaphragm, enters the Lungs, follows the throat to the tongue root. A branch leaves the Lung, connects with the Heart, and reaches the chest. This meridian has abundant Qi but scarce Blood. Disturbance causes anorexia, coughing, hemoptysis, wheezing, desire to sit up, dirty complexion, blurred vision, palpitations, and hunger-like sensations. Diseases generated include dry tongue, hot mouth, sore throat, qi rebellion, pain in the posterior-medial thigh and spine, internal heat, abscesses, flaccidity, Jue, lethargy, and hot painful soles, all classified as Kidney Jue.

The Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian originates in the chest, belongs to the Pericardium, descends through the diaphragm to connect with the Sanjiao. A branch follows the chest to the hypochondrium, emerges at the axilla, runs between the Lung and Heart meridians, and reaches Zhongchong (PC9). A branch connects with the index finger. This meridian has scarce Qi but abundant Blood. Disturbance causes heat in the hands, spasms of the elbow and arm, axillary swelling, chest fullness, palpitations, crying, yellow eyes, and red face. Diseases generated include irritability, heart pain, and hot palms.

The Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian originates between the ring and little fingers at Yumen (TE2), ascends between the radius and ulna, passes the lateral elbow, travels along the shoulder, enters the supraclavicular fossa, disperses in the chest and Pericardium, and pierces the diaphragm. A branch rises from the chest to the neck, ear, and cheek, enters the ear, and reaches the inner canthus. This meridian has scarce Qi but abundant Blood. Disturbance causes tinnitus and throat swelling. Diseases generated include spontaneous sweating, post-auricular pain, outer canthus pain, shoulder and arm pain, and little/ring finger paralysis.

The Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian originates at the outer canthus, travels along the head and ear, passes Fengchi (GB20) and Naokong (GB19), intersects at the shoulder, enters the supraclavicular fossa. A branch enters the ear, emerges at the cheek. The main trunk descends through the chest, pierces the diaphragm, connects with the Liver, belongs to the Gallbladder, passes the hypochondrium, descends to the groin, enters Huantiao (GB30), descends past the axilla and costal margin, exits at Yanglingquan (GB34), passes Jianwaihai (GB39) and the ankle, divides at the fourth toe. A branch connects with the Liver at the pubic region. This meridian has abundant Qi but scarce Blood. Disturbance causes bitter taste, sighing, hypochondriac pain, dusty complexion, hot feet, and lack of luster. Diseases generated include headache, swollen supraclavicular fossa and axillae, scrofula, chills, cough, malaria, and pain in the chest, flank, thigh, knee, and joints.

The Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian originates at the pubic hair, ascends along the medial foot at Taichong (LR3), passes Zhongfeng (LR4), crosses above the Taiyin, ascends along the medial thigh, surrounds the genitals, reaches the lower abdomen, flanks the Stomach, belongs to the Liver, and connects with the Gallbladder. It ascends through the diaphragm, distributes in the chest and ribs, connects to the throat, eye system, and vertex. A branch rises from the Liver to the eyes and descends to the cheeks and lips. This meridian has abundant Blood but scarce Qi. Disturbance causes lower back pain, hernia in men, lower abdominal swelling in women, dusty complexion, dry throat. Diseases generated include chest fullness, vomiting, diarrhea, dysuria, enuresis, and inguinal hernia. Clinical diagnosis requires careful observation.