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The *Huoren Shu* (Book of Living People) states: Infantile exanthems (exanthematous diseases such as smallpox and measles) resemble Shaoyang disease (diseases affecting the Shaoyang channel). The symptoms include headache, feverish body, cold feet, and a rapid pulse. In cases of doubt, only Shengma Ge Gen Tang (Pueraria and Cimicifuga Decoction) should be administered to release the muscle layer and resolve the exterior, treating the exanthems simultaneously. It can be taken whether the eruption has appeared or not, but purgation must never be used. Since the fever associated with exanthems is at the exterior level, it is especially inadvisable to use purgatives that might drive pathogens inward. Unlearned people in the world claim that one should use laxatives at the initial stage; this is erroneous and leads to the retention of toxicity. It is also stated: Once rashes and pox have erupted, they should not be treated with draining or purging methods. If the eruption is complete, or if there is excessive pus and blood, yet draining methods are still employed, this is also incorrect. Generally speaking, exanthems should never be treated with purgatives from beginning to end. If an infant has a feverish body, cold ears and sacrum, and coughing, using purgative drugs will cause toxic heat to sink inward, which can be fatal. Qian Yi stated: At the initial stage of exanthem eruption, signs corresponding to the five Zang organs mostly appear, except for the Kidney, which shows no specific sign but rather appears as a normal condition, such as coldness in the sacrum and ears. Regarding exanthems, both the sacrum and ears belong to the Kidney. The Kidney resides in the North and governs cold. If the exanthems turn black and sink inward, while the ears and sacrum become hot instead, this indicates a counter-indication (adverse prognosis). If Niu Li Gao (Ox Plum Paste) and Baixiang Wan (Hundred Fragrance Pill) are administered three times each without improvement, death will ensue. For infants suffering from these exanthems, the nursing mother must observe dietary restrictions. The infant should not be allowed to go hungry nor exposed to wind-cold; otherwise, the pathogen will inevitably return to the Kidney, causing the lesions to turn black and becoming difficult to treat. If there is high fever, promote urination; if there is mild fever, use detoxifying herbs. If the lesions are black, purple, dry, and sunken, use Baixiang Wan to purge; if they are not black, do not purge under any circumstances. Severity also depends on the season; thus, spring and summer are favorable (shun), while autumn and winter are unfavorable (ni). In winter, Kidney Qi is prosperous, and severe cold prevails, so diseases often relate to the Kidney. Cases turning black are rarely curable regardless of the time, with fewer than one in ten surviving. It is further stated: When exanthems first erupt without other complications, purgation is contraindicated. One should only use mild and harmonizing medicines, frequently provide breast milk and food, and avoid exposure to wind-cold. If exanthems do not appear after three days, or appear slowly, induce slight sweating. If slight sweating fails to produce eruption, increase the dosage to induce sweating. If increased dosage fails, induce strong sweating. If the eruption is sparse after appearing, and the pulse is calm without other symptoms, it indicates few eruptions, and forcing further sweating is contraindicated. Prosperous Kidney Qi leads to thin eruptions; when Earth fails to control Water, Spleen deficiency with chills becomes difficult to treat. Baixiang Wan is used because it drains the Bladder Fu organ. If the Fu organ is not full/excess, the Zang organ naturally will not be hyperactive. Why not drain the Kidney? The answer is: The Kidney governs deficiency and cannot tolerate draining. Thus, if two doses are ineffective, adding cold medicines may lead to death due to cold injury. Liu Wansu stated: If infantile exanthems have not yet erupted and hot medicines are mistakenly used to induce sweating, Yang Qi becomes excessively vigorous, leading to dense eruptions that fail to emerge properly, often resulting in black sinking and death. Perhaps suspecting macules and rashes, one refrains from medication to avoid mistreating various pediatric illnesses, which causes many errors. One should also know that ancients preserved cold-natured medicines to universally treat convulsions and heat accumulation. If it is indeed macules and rashes, allowing the heat to subside slightly so that eruptions are sparse and emerge smoothly can lead to recovery. Using Liangge San (Cool the Diaphragm Powder) would be excellent. *Yan Xiaozhong Ji · Xiao'er Lun* (Collection of Yan Xiaozhong · Discussion on Children) failed to grasp Qian Yi's original intent and did not understand the principles of creation. Instead, it rashly claimed that black sinking is caused by cold, and stated that macules and sores should never be treated with cold-draining medicines throughout the course. Later generations followed this error, resulting in deaths due to extreme heat and black sinking. Did Mr. Yan not carefully examine Qian Yi's original prescriptions? To treat black sinking of macules and sores, he used Niuli Wan and Baixiang Wan, employing cold medicines to drain, yet achieving many recoveries. Those who could not be saved were destined to die. Does this not clearly indicate a heat syndrome? All cases of black sinking in macules and sores present with abdominal distension, panting, and dark, obstructed urination. Is this not the manifestation of extreme heat? How could it be cold? The *Suwen* (Basic Questions) states: All pain, itching, sores, and ulcers belong to Fire.