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1. Lock-Throat Wind (Suo Hou Feng). Hot phlegm arises from the stomach and diaphragm; the throat feels like a locked pipe. Bilateral cases are difficult to treat. First, induce vomiting to expel wind-phlegm; needle to release yellowish-white fluid. If ineffective, it is incurable. If teeth are clenched, blow Tongguan San (Pass-the-Pass Powder) into the nose.

2. Coiling-Throat Wind (Chan Hou Feng). Belongs to phlegm-heat. White indicates White Coiling Throat Wind, yellow indicates Yellow Coiling Throat Wind. Swelling and stiffness make speech difficult; cheeks and chin also swell. The whites of the eyes turn red, ears become red, and the face becomes purple and swollen, extending down the neck, resembling a snake coiling. Cases lasting one or two days are slow wind; acute cases may result in death within a day or night. First, needle Shaoshang (LU 11) to probe for wind-phlegm. If the nostrils show bluish-black color, breath is cold, head hangs low, and phlegm is sticky like glue, it is incurable.

3. Throat Wind (Hou Feng). Phlegm and saliva obstruct, causing swelling and pain. If the face is black, voice sounds like thunder, and the neck is swollen, it is incurable.

4. Flesh-Throat Wind (Rou Hou Feng). Caused by inhaling foul air and wind-heat pathogenic factors. Red flesh grows in the throat, layering and gradually swelling, with foul odor emanating from the apertures. Death occurs within three days.

5. Mute Miasma Throat Wind (Ya Zhang Hou Feng). Belongs to wind-phlegm. Teeth are clenched, saliva flows, and speech is impossible. Dissolve Chan Su (Toad Venom) in water and drip into the nose to open the airway. Observe the red and swollen areas in the throat; incise and apply powder. If the face is purple, tongue is blue-black, nose is cold with runny nose, fingernails are cyanotic, and eyes are red and bulging, it is incurable.

6. Tongue-Playing Throat Wind (Nong She Hou Feng). The patient does not speak but frequently protrudes the tongue, playing with it using their hand. Bleed Shaoshang (LU 11); internally administer Shufeng Ganjie Tang (Wind-Dispersing Licorice and Platycodon Decoction).
Ingredients: Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Sheng Gancao), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Angelicae Sinensis Radix Tail (Guiwei), Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen), Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi), Puerariae Radix (Gange), Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen), Schizonepetae Herba (Jingjie), Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Forsythiae Fructum (Lianqiao), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike), Poria (Fuling), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian).

7. Choking-Food Throat Wind (Qiang Shi Hou Feng). Heart meridian heat-toxin causes dry throat without phlegm, panting, and stabbing pain between the heart and lungs. Use Danggui Lianqiao San (Angelica and Forsythia Powder) plus Dahuang (Rhubarb) to promote purgation. If prolonged, it transforms into Feisi Lao (Flying Silk Consumption), endangering life.
Danggui Lianqiao San Ingredients: Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Forsythiae Fructum (Lianqiao), Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Sheng Gancao), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (Shengdi), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen), Raw Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao), Raw Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi), Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen). Decoct with Juncus effusus (Dengcao) water.

8. Tongue-Coiling Throat Wind (Tanshe Hou Feng). The entire chin swells, mouth is locked, tongue curls and swells, with blue veins like earthworms on top, yellow thorn-like growths, and white coating. If teeth are clenched, needle Shaoshang (LU 11).

9. Running-Horse Throat Wind (Zouma Hou Feng). Caused by rich foods and wind-heat. Symptoms include shaking head, clenched teeth, black tongue, and ulcerated throat base (Diding). All indicate death. Alternatively, purple swelling of left/right cheeks, purple swelling of jaw joint, or curled tongue. Needle slightly, and additionally needle three points under the tongue. Do not needle if the tongue is not curled.

10. Top-Tongue Throat Wind (Dingshe Hou Feng). Swelling below the throat and cheeks, tongue curls and stiffens against the hard palate. Delay leads to death. Needle Shaoshang (LU 11), and needle Yuye (Ex-HN 15) and Jinjin (Ex-HN 14).

11. Falling-Frame Wind (Luojia Feng). Mandible drops; long-standing cases are difficult to treat. Administer Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction); moxa Jiache (ST 6) seven moxa cones.

12. Beaded-Throat Wind (Lianzhu Hou Feng). Bead-like growths appear under the tongue, starting with one or two, then multiplying to three, five, seven, or nine. Tongue swells and produces phlegm; first probe to remove phlegm.

13. Pine-Seed Throat Wind (Songzi Hou Feng). Color resembles pig liver, swelling rises, shape like a pine seed, whole throat is red. Qi rebels, closure occurs, inability to eat. Needle the swollen area; blowing powder should focus on removing phlegm. Internal medicine should use Sanhuang (Three Yellows), Shigao (Gypsum), Zhuye (Bamboo Leaf), plus Jingjie (Schizonepeta) and Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia).

14. Bone-Groove Wind (Gucao Feng). Tight pain at the jaw below the ear, slight nodules present, alternating chills and fever like malaria. In adults, caused by emotional disturbances; in children, due to congenital constitution.

15. Heel-Throat Wind (Jiaogen Hou Feng). Emotional stagnation starts from the heel, reaching the throat. Attacks once every six months or year. Moves one acupoint per day, seven acupoints in seven days. Reaching the throat, blisters form like fish bubbles. Main formula: Jingfang Baidu San (Schizonepeta and Saposhnikovia Decoction to Overcome Toxicity). If the water used has a fishy smell, death ensues.

16. Hanging-Leech Wind (Xuanqi Feng). (Also known as Hanging Leech Poison). Arises from upper jiao accumulation of wind-heat and phlegm. Hard palate swells and hangs, shaped like a frog's belly or an egg. Throat closure with full phlegm. Incise to drain purple blood; internally administer Sanhuang Liangge San (Three Yellows Cooling Diaphragm Powder).

17. Yin-Toxin Throat Wind (Yindu Hou Feng). Shaoyin syndrome, pulse is faint, fine, and deep. Spontaneous sweating, sore throat, diarrhea. Also called Kidney Cold Damage. Cold medicines must strictly be avoided. Use Banxia Guizhi Tang (Pinellia and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) or Kujiu Tang (Bitter Wine Decoction). For cold viscera and sore throat, use Honey-processed Fuzi (Aconite Root).

18. Grasping-Mouth Throat Wind (Cuokou Hou Feng). Lips contract like a bag, unable to drink, phlegm obstruction, attacks once a year. Wash lips with Portulaca oleracea (Machixian) decoction; probe phlegm with Xuanmingfen (Mirabilite) mixed with vinegar; bleed Shaoshang (LU 11). This condition involves phlegm-fire in the stomach.

19. Throat Bi (Hou Bi). Swelling and pain with yellow discharge, dark blood. Shape resembles an arm, swelling is sunken like a pit. Face is red, eyes look upward. First probe phlegm; if swelling persists, incise to drain blood.

20. Yin-Toxin Throat Bi (Yindu Hou Bi). Caused by winter damp-cold fire pathogen. Throat swells like a purple plum, slightly black. Aversion to cold, body heat, trembling and fright, lower back pain, cold feet. Blood is dark, throat swelling is hard and dry. Incurable.

21. Alcohol-Toxin Throat Bi (Jiudu Hou Bi). Heart and Spleen fire. Shape like an egg, bright red and shiny, obstructing the throat. Accompanied by chills/fever, headache, neck stiffness and swelling. Bleed; internally administer Nianzi Jiedu Tang (Plantago Seed Detoxification Decoction) plus Gegen (Pueraria).

22. Sudden closure preventing qi flow leading to death is named Hou Bi (Throat Closure). Prick the purple vein in the middle of the wrist with a three-edged needle, or bleed Shaoshang (LU 11).

23. Wind-Heat Throat Bi (Fengre Hou Bi). Swollen and red-purple, shape like a fist, eyes looking upward, high fever and aversion to cold. If voice is hoarse, use lung-moistening herbs. If external swelling exists, apply Jingu San (Golden Hoop Powder).
Ingredients: Dahuang (Rhubarb) - 1 liang (best if penetrating the heart, soaked in wet paper, roasted over stove, soaked in toilet overnight, dried, powdered); Wubeizi (Chinese Gall) fried in vinegar until black - 3 qian; Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica) - 5 qian; Lubifengfang (Honeycomb) honey-fried - 3 qian; Furongye (Hibiscus Leaf) dried - 2 liang; Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome) - 5 qian. Grind to fine powder, store in porcelain bottle. Mix with honey water and apply around the swelling, leaving a central hole to vent toxins.
Note: External redness and swelling can also be treated.

24. Double Tonsil (Shuang Ru E). Located on both sides of the throat base. Resembles nipples, difficulty swallowing.

25. Single Tonsil (Dan Ru E). On either left or right side. Hands and feet feel cold, head and eyes heavy/dizzy, resembling Jue syndrome, shortness of breath nearing death. Apply Wu Zhu Yu (Evodia) powder mixed with rice vinegar to Yongquan (KI 1).

26. Qi Abscess, Throat Closure. Phlegm obstructs throat, chills and fever. Divided into upper, middle, and lower gates; lower gate cases are difficult to treat.

27. Dead Tonsil (Si Ru E). Double or single tonsils close to the throat base, not very painful, hindering diet. Pain worsens with exertion. Long-term blockage causes suffocation and death. Scratch the tonsil 7-8 times to bleed, apply powder, daily until healed. Take Sanhuang Sanchen (Three Yellows and Three Aged Substances). Avoid fried foods, chicken, fish, beef, mutton, dog meat, raw/cold, and stimulating foods.

28. Tonsil Kernel (Ru E He). Both sides resemble nipples. On cloudy days or after labor/anger, neck feels tight like a rope, unable to eat or breathe freely. Years later forms soft bone. Cut away with knife, apply powder.

29. Throat Lichen (Hou Xuan). Whole throat is white. Contemporary doctors often mistake it for Diphtheria. Divided into Rotting Throat Wind Lichen and Weak Syndrome Throat Lichen; these two differ in deficiency/excess.

30. Flying Ulcer (Fei Yang). Due to anger or poisoning by foul toxins, throat suddenly swells and enlarges rapidly, causing death. Blow powder to remove phlegm; internally administer Nianzi Jiedu Tang plus Honghua (Safflower) and Danpi (Moutan Bark). Do not use knife or needle.

31. Wind-Heat Throat Dan (Fengre Hou Dan). Fresh red, turning purple over time. Blowing powder and internal medicine both emphasize removing phlegm. Can scrape skin or needle to bleed to clear heat-toxin.

32. Throat Ding (Hou Ding). Similar to single tonsil. Tonsils are round and large; Ding is elongated and small. Red turns to purple easily; black is incurable.

33. Flowering Ding (Kaihua Ding). Shape like a flower. Cut the root, apply powder, internally administer Sanhuang Liangge Jian (Decoction). Red turns to purple easily; black is incurable. Etiology: nasal sweat dripping into tofu, eating dead poultry/beast meat, moldy rice grains in water jars. These three causes lead to flowering ding in the throat.

34. Throat Abscess (Hou Yong). Accumulated heat from rich foods, Stomach fire rushing up. Grows beside the throat base. Swelling/pain like tonsils, but tonsils are round/small, abscess is flat/long. Pain in ear root and cheek, toothache. Drain blood, apply powder, take Sanhuang (Three Yellows).

35. Double/Single Throat Tumor (Shuangdan Hou Liu). Lung heat growing beside the throat, like a longan fruit, wrapped in blood vessels. Painless unless touched. Requires rest and herbal attack. Do not use knife/cautery. Blow mixture of Moschus (Shexiang) 2 parts, Forsythiae (Lianqiao) 1 part, Borax (Bingpian) 4 parts frequently.

36. Throat Boil (Hou Ji). Grows in the tail region (likely referring to uvula or posterior pharynx). Initially feels like a plum pit in the throat/diaphragm, unable to swallow. By day three, moves up to throat. After needle incision, apply Bingpeng San (Ice and Borax Powder). Cause is emotional disturbance; take Siqi Qi Tang (Four Qi Qi Decoction).

37. Qi Dan (Qi Dan). Stagnation, red-purple tendons rise horizontally near the tongue root. First, use a large needle dipped in tung oil, heated red-hot, to needle the horizontal tendon seven times. Then use three small needles in a 'pin' character pattern, needling each large needle hole twice more. Total 49 needles. If tongue root is swollen, moxa three horizontal points below the external throat until smoke emerges from mouth. If no smoke, stop at seven cones. Internally administer Sanhuang Liangge and Erchen Tang.

38. Throat Dan (Hou Dan). Whole throat slightly swollen and red. Needle head and tail to bleed; take Sanhuang Liangge San.

39. Return-Food Dan (Huishi Dan). Also known as Dian Qi or Plum-Pit Qi. Generated by qi stagnation and hot phlegm. Two hard strips on both sides of throat. Red color indicates Dian Qi. Bean-sized lump under the uvula indicates Plum-Pit Qi. If no nodule under the ding, it is fixed below the anterior tongue root, or green tendons tie to the palate on left/right, or purple spots like beans, or white-green like clam meat/peach gum on tongue root, or red tendons hanging on sides. Long-term causes chest/back pain, belching, sensation of insects in throat, obstruction. Touch causes pain. Incise to bleed, apply powder, daily. Moxa 1-5 points outside throat until smoke appears; if no smoke, moxa nine cones.

40. Qi Zi Hou (Qi Zi Throat). Pearl-like growth in throat, red or purple-white, painful upon touch. Triggered by emotional stress, leads to sighing over time. Pierce pearl to bleed, then apply powder.

41. Seven-Star Sore (Qixing Chuang). Spleen heat. Upper palate belongs to Spleen. Blisters form like millet or pearls, yellow or white. Foul mouth odor, cold hands/feet, aversion to cold. Wipe sores with cloth soaked in bitter tea, then apply powder. Abstain from alcohol and sex.

42. Throat Ball (Hou Qiu). External six climatic factors, internal seven emotions. Meat ball grows in throat, size of longan, root like thread, over five cun long, connected to lungs. Must spit out ball to eat. Light pulling causes heart-piercing pain. Take Yiqi Shufeng Tang (Qi-Tonifying Wind-Dispersing Decoction): Shengma, Gegen, Fangfeng, Zisu, Jiegeng, Qianhu, Baishao, Bajieli, Shengdi, Danggui, Chuanxiong, Sheng Gancao, Huangqin, Maidong, Lianqiao, Qingpi. Decoct in water. Further, grind 2 qian of Moschus, divide into two doses, mix with water to drink; or take Muxiang San three times. Root dissolves and heals.

43. Throat Guan Wind-Heat-Toxin (Hou Gan Feng Re Du). Whole throat rotten and foul-smelling. Difficult to treat in elderly patients.

44. Mouth Ulcer (Kou Chuang). Accumulated heat. Ulcers throughout mouth, yellow and white.

45. Running-Horse Gum Disease (Zouma Ya Gan). Yangming damp-toxin. Gums turn black and rot, fall off with foul odor, spread instantly, perforate cheeks and lips, enter throat. Incurable.

46. Pearl Poison (Zhenzhu Du). Fetal heat. Pearls on tongue, initially purple-red, then white-yellow, painful. Pierce to bleed, wipe with bitter tea, apply powder. Internally administer Sanhuang Liangge San.

47. Hanging Abscess (Xuan Yong). Grows on hard palate, shape like purple plum, hangs down touching tongue. Unable to speak, extend tongue, or lower head. Red nasal discharge. Pierce abscess head to bleed, rinse blood with salt water, apply powder. Internally administer Jingfang Baidu San.

48. Hanging Ding (Xuan Ding). Fire-heat. Throat base suddenly swells purple and hangs, off-center or downward. Difficulty swallowing. Do not incise with knife; blow powder. Or use Wulongwei (Euphorbia fischeriana root) with salt (fried), apply with chopstick tip, lie supine with pillow for a while.

49. Phlegm Bubble (Tan Pao). Phlegm-fluid riding fire, condensing under tongue, forming soft bubble/swelling. Hinders speech, painful. Incise, drain yellow phlegm and dregs, press clean, apply Bingpeng San. Take Erchen Tang plus Huangqin, Huanglian, Bohe.

50. Double Tongue (Chong She). Small tongue grows underneath; eventually large tongue curls and hurts, unable to eat, submental swelling/hardness. Needle Jin-Yu two points and swollen small tongue area to bleed.

51. Lotus Ornament Tongue (Lianhua Dian She). Swelling under tongue, pain producing five peaks. Three peaks is mild, seven peaks is severe. Needle both side peaks, scrape with knife to bleed and apply powder. Do not needle center peak.

52. Wooden Tongue (Mu She). Hard as pangolin scales. When seeing people, tongue curls into a fist. Aversion to cold, high fever, slurred speech. Take Huanglian Xiexin Tang (Coptis Decoction to Drain the Heart). Dot with knife to bleed, needle Jinjin and Yuye.

53. Qin Tongue (Qin She). Due to alcohol toxin, mental labor, qi stagnation. Four holes in tongue. Bleeding from holes indicates complete syndrome. Two or three holes in middle or sides. Seven or eight holes are difficult to treat. Elderly incurable. If black heart, dissolve large ones with medicine, pick small ones with knife/needle. Clean with medicinal water, then apply powder. Internally administer Sanhuang Liangge San. If tongue remains stiff or wound fails to close, death ensues.

54. Bladder Tongue (Pao She). Phlegm-fire invading Heart meridian. Tongue suddenly swells full, soft like pig bladder, painless, drooling, hinders speech. Check under tongue; if blue sore like crab eye, must pierce. Drains phlegm like egg white. Rinse with warm water, apply Ice, Borax, Mirabilite. Internally administer Erchen Tang.

55. Double Palate (Chong E). Sores on tongue like bayberry, causing irritability. Take Ganjie Tang, Huanglian Jiedu Tang. If phlegm forms hard kernel, apply Bingpeng San, internally administer Jiawei Erchen Tang.

56. Sparrow Tongue (Que She). Heat accumulating in Heart/Diaphragm, growing on tongue side. Cut away, apply Shengji San (Flesh-Generating Powder), internally administer Sanhuang Liangge San.

57. Sucking Tongue Abscess (Za She Yong). Abscesses at both ends of gums, bad breath, drooling, short/large tongue tip. Unbroken: needle to bleed, apply powder. Broken: internal support.

58. Curling Tongue Abscess (Juan She Yong). Heart meridian wind-heat. Grows under tongue, left/right/center. Shape like longan or date pit. Swelling/pain, hinders speech, tongue curls purple/hard. Dot with knife to bleed, apply powder. Internally administer Huanglian Xiexin Tang.

59. Dead Tongue Abscess (Si She Yong). Heat-toxin. Tongue looks like dead white coating, like wooden tongue but this is swollen and white. Scrape white skin with knife. Apply Zhuifeng San plus Ice, Moschus, Qingpi, Ganjiang powder to wipe whole mouth. If severe swelling, needle Jin-Yu to bleed. If pus forms in 5-7 days, needle above/below to drain pus for cure. If draining black blood and color doesn't change after treatment, death ensues.

60. Nosebleed/Tongue Bleeding (Xue Nu). Holes like needle pricks on tongue, continuous bleeding. Belongs to Heart fire.

61. Turtle-Crack Tongue (She Shang Guiwen). Caused by excessive worry and lack of sleep. Tongue pain without skin, pale white spots. Severe cases have depressed turtle-crack patterns. Pulse is deficient, no thirst. Take Siwu Tang plus Zhimu, Huangbai, Danpi, Rougui. If tongue is hard, apply Bai (Cypress bark) 1 liang, Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) 3 qian, Gui (Cinnamon) 1 qian, Bing (Ice) 2 fen as powder.

62. Gum Abscess (Ya Yong). Spleen/Stomach fire erupts, poison grows on gums, bean-sized or finger-sized, purple/swollen/hard/painful. Head/neck stiffness, aversion to cold/fever. Press needle handle on lesion; if soft, it is the head. Incise to drain pus/blood, apply powder.

63. Gum Ding (Ya Ding). Poisonous/foul food toxins invade Yangming, grow in gum gaps. Gums swell high and protrude, severe pain radiating to cheek. Breaks and bleeds. After draining blood, apply powder, take Sanhuang Liangge or Qianjin Neituo. Use as appropriate.

64. Gum Recession (Ya Xuan). Continuous bleeding from gum gaps. Spleen above, Stomach below. Vomiting blood/phlegm in liters/shots is difficult to save.

65. Cheek-Hugging Abscess (Dou Sai Yong). Wind-heat warm toxin. Grows on both sides or one side below cheek. Like intraoral swelling. Incise to drain blood, later drain pus. Early stage with headache/chills/fever: take Jingfang Baidu San.

66. Face/Cheek Black Swelling Syndrome (Mian Sai Zhonghei Zheng). Face black and swelling downwards, both cheeks swollen, throat qi closed. Basin of boiling hot water to wash hands/feet. See throat exhale air, needle Shaoshang (LU 11). If blood appears, treatable. Blow Zhuifeng San inside cheek and at gum ends.

67. Sweating-induced Abscess, same treatment.

68. Cold Damage after 8-9 days, throat swelling/closure, heat enters Heart/Spleen.

69. Yin Sore (Yin Chuang). Grows left/right beside pharynx, formed by wind-damp stagnation, caused by fried/grilled foods. Wash hands/feet frequently with boiling hot water. Internally administer Erchen Tang.

70. Throat Swelling (Hou Zhong). Spleen meridian major toxin. Caused by intercourse after drinking; wine qi does not circulate, gathers at throat root. If not treated quickly, toxin closure causes death. First remove phlegm/saliva, apply powder.

71. Lock-Throat Abscess (Suo Hou Yong). Heart and Small Intestine fire. Starts at Tinghui (GB 2), notes Xuanying side. Initially [missing character], unable to eat, blocked, red/swollen/hot, gradually suppurates. Soft and distending pain: needle. Early stage external application: Lugworm, Moschus, Ice pounded and applied. Internally: Danggui Lianqiao San. Internal closure: Niuhuang Qingxin Wan (Calculus Bovis Heart-Clearing Pill). Long duration: Qianjin Neituo San.

72. Toad Plague (Hamawen). Infectious toxin. Swelling of eyes/nose/face belongs to Yangming; swelling of temples/ears belongs to Shaoyang.

All acupuncture practitioners must know the three tendons under the tongue; injuring them causes uncontrolled bleeding. Besides these three tendons, any swollen/purple area should also be needled to bleed. One cannot solely rely on Jinjin and Yuye points!

Note: There are versions by Jiao, Wu, and Zhang for the 72 Throat Syndromes, with different treatments. This text is largely similar to Jiao's version with minor differences. Readers should focus on pulse differentiation in the differing parts. There are also Tieya Daoren's 72 Throat Syndromes and 72 Oral/Dental Syndromes, to be published subsequently.