因风而病水也。
防己黄 汤(《金匮》) 治风水，脉浮身重，汗出恶风。
防己（三钱） 炙草（一钱五分） 白术（二钱） 黄 （三钱） 生姜（四片） 大枣（一枚）
水二杯，煎八分服。服后如虫行皮中，从腰下如冰，后坐被上，又以一被绕腰下，温令
微汗瘥。喘者，加麻黄；胃中不和者，加芍药；气上冲者，加桂枝。
虚汗自出，故不用麻黄以散之，只用防己以驱之。服后身如虫行及腰下如冰云云，皆湿
下行之征也，然非 、术、甘草，焉能使卫气复振，而驱湿下行哉!
越婢汤(《金匮》) 治恶风一身悉肿，脉浮不渴，续自汗出，无大热者。
麻黄（六钱） 石膏（八钱） 甘草（二钱） 生姜（三钱） 大枣（五枚）
水四杯，先煮麻黄至三杯，去沫，入诸药煎八分服，日夜作三服。恶风者，加附子一钱
。风水，加白术三钱。
前云身重为湿多，此云一身悉肿为风多。风多气多热亦多，且属急风，故用此猛剂。
杏子汤 脉浮者为风水，发其汗即已。方阙，或云即甘草麻黄汤加杏仁。
水行于皮中也。其脉浮，外证跗肿，按之没指。曰不恶风者，不兼风也。曰其腹如鼓者
，外有胀形内不坚满也。曰不渴者，病不在内也。曰当发其汗者，以水在皮宜汗也。
防己茯苓汤(《金匮》) 治四肢肿，水在皮中聂聂动者。
防己 桂枝 黄 （各三钱） 茯苓（六钱） 炙草（一钱）
水三杯，煎八分服，日夜作三服。
药亦同防己黄 汤，但去术加桂、苓者，风水之湿在经络，近内；皮水之湿在皮肤，近
外。故但以苓协桂，渗周身之湿，而不以术燥其中气也。不用姜、枣者，湿不在上焦之营卫
，无取乎宣之也。
蒲灰散(《金匮》) 厥而为皮水者，此主之。肿甚而溃之逆证，厥之为言逆也。
蒲灰（半斤） 滑石（一斤）
为末。饮服方寸匕，日三服。
愚按∶当是外敷法，然利湿热之剂，亦可内服外掺也。
越婢加术汤(《金匮》) 里水此主之，甘草麻黄汤亦主之。按里水当是皮水笔误也。或
水在皮里，即皮水之重者，亦未可知。
方见《风水》。
甘草麻黄汤
甘草（四钱） 麻黄（二钱）
水二杯，先煮麻黄至一杯半，去沫，入甘草煮七分服。重覆汗出，不汗再服，慎风寒。
二药上宣肺气，中助土气，外行水气。
Edema caused by the invasion of Wind pathogen.
Fangji Huangqi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Astragalus Decoction, from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) is used to treat Fengshui (Wind Edema), with symptoms of floating pulse, heavy body, sweating, and aversion to wind.
Prescription: Fangji (3 qian), Zhi Gancao (1.5 qian), Baizhu (2 qian), Huangqi (3 qian), Shengjiang (4 slices), Dazao (1 piece).
Boil in two cups of water until reduced to 0.8 cup for oral administration. After taking the medicine, if a sensation like insects crawling on the skin occurs, and the area below the waist feels cold as ice, one should sit on a quilt and wrap another quilt around the waist and lower body to keep warm until a slight sweat appears, which indicates recovery. If accompanied by asthma/wheezing, add Mahuang; if there is stomach discomfort, add Shaoyao; if there is a sensation of Qi rushing upward, add Guizhi.
Because the patient suffers from spontaneous sweating due to deficiency, Mahuang is not used for dispersal, but Fangji is used solely to drive out dampness. The sensations of insects crawling on the body and coldness below the waist after taking the medicine are all signs of dampness moving downward. However, without Huangqi, Baizhu, and Gancao, how could Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) be revitalized to drive dampness downward?
Yueshi Tang (Dredge the脾 Decoction, from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) is used to treat aversion to wind, generalized edema, floating pulse without thirst, continuous spontaneous sweating, and absence of high fever.
Prescription: Mahuang (6 qian), Shigao (8 qian), Gancao (2 qian), Shengjiang (3 qian), Dazao (5 pieces).
Boil in four cups of water, first decoct Mahuang until three cups remain, skim off the foam, then add other herbs and decoct until 0.8 cup remains. Take orally, divided into three doses throughout day and night. If aversion to wind is severe, add Fuzi (1 qian). For Fengshui (Wind Edema), add Baizhu (3 qian).
Previously it was stated that heaviness of body indicates excessive dampness; here, generalized edema indicates excessive Wind. Excessive Wind leads to excessive Qi stagnation and heat, and belongs to acute Wind, hence this potent formula is used.
Xingzi Tang: A floating pulse indicates Fengshui (Wind Edema); inducing sweating will cure it. The original formula is missing; some say it is Gancao Mahuang Tang plus Xingren.
Water resides within the skin. The pulse is floating, external signs include edema of the dorsum pedis where indentation persists upon pressure. "No aversion to wind" means no concurrent Wind pathogen. "Abdomen like a drum" refers to external distension without internal hardness or fullness. "No thirst" indicates the disease is not in the interior organs. "Should induce sweating" is because water in the skin layer is best treated via sweating.
Fangji Fuling Tang (Stephania and Poria Decoction, from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) is used to treat edema of the four limbs, where water resides in the skin causing slight pulsating movements.
Prescription: Fangji, Guizhi, Huangqi (each 3 qian), Fuling (6 qian), Zhi Gancao (1 qian).
Boil in three cups of water until reduced to 0.8 cup for oral administration, divided into three doses throughout day and night.
The ingredients are the same as Fangji Huangqi Tang, except Baizhu is removed and Guizhi and Fuling are added. This is because in Fengshui (Wind Edema), dampness is in the meridians, closer to the interior; whereas in Pishui (Skin Edema), dampness is in the skin, closer to the exterior. Therefore, only Fuling assists Guizhi to渗 (permeate/drain) dampness throughout the body, avoiding the use of Baizhu to dry dampness and damage Middle Jiao Qi. Ginger and Jujube are not used because the dampness is not in the Ying-Wei (Nutritive-Defensive) of the Upper Jiao, so there is no need for dispersing methods.
Puhui San (Reed Mosaic Ash Powder, from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) treats cases of Jue (cold extremities/reversal) complicated by Pishui (Skin Edema). Severe swelling with ulceration is a adverse sign; "Jue" implies reversal/cold extremities.
Prescription: Puhui (half jin), Huashi (one jin).
Grind into powder. Take one fangcun bi (square-inch measure) with water, three times daily.
My commentary: This is likely an external application method, however, formulas that promote diuresis and clear damp-heat can also be taken internally or applied externally.
Yueshi Jia Zhu Tang (Dredge the脾 Decoction plus Atractylodes Macrocephala, from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*) treats Li Shui (Interior Water); Gancao Mahuang Tang also treats it. Note: "Li Shui" is likely a scribal error for "Pi Shui". Or perhaps it refers to water residing beneath the skin, i.e., severe Pi Shui, which is also possible.
See formula in "Fengshui" section.
Gancao Mahuang Tang
Prescription: Gancao (4 qian), Mahuang (2 qian).
Boil in two cups of water, first decoct Mahuang until 1.5 cups remain, skim off the foam, add Gancao and decoct until 0.7 cup remains. Cover with thick blankets to induce sweating; if no sweat, take again. Avoid wind and cold.
These two herbs ascend to diffuse Lung Qi, assist Spleen Qi in the middle, and move water Qi outward.