或问∶痈疽,五善七恶,何谓也?答曰∶五善者,饮食知味,一也;便溺调匀,二也;
脓溃肿消,脓水不臭,三也;神气清爽,动息自宁,四也;脉息有神,不违时令,五也。七
恶者,大渴发热,泄泻淋闭,一也;脓溃尤肿,脓稀臭秽,二也;目睛无神,语声不亮,三
也;食少不化,服药作呕,四也;恍惚嗜卧,气短乏力,腰背沉重,五也;唇青鼻黑,面目
浮肿,六也;脉息无神,或躁动不和,七也。古语云∶五善得三则吉,七恶得四则凶。余谓
七恶之凶,不待四矣。然而急救之方,正不容以不讲。大抵热渴、淋闭、喘急、内热,皆真
阴受伤,宜六味汤,加麦冬、五味。如不应,用八珍汤,加麦冬、五味。更不应,用十全大补
汤,兼服六味地黄丸。此乃补阴生阳之说也。若气短、倦怠、昏愦、乏力、饮食不化,乃阳
虚之候,宜用补中益气汤。若卧睡不宁,宜用归脾汤。若饮食减少,面目浮肿,宜用香砂六
君子汤。若兼脾胃虚寒,更用理中汤。肾气虚寒,须用桂附八味丸,兼用十全大补汤,加附
子。此温补回阳之法。若痈疽溃后,脓血去多,变为角弓反张,手足搐搦,肢体振摇,而发
痉者,并用参、 、归、术,并附子等药以救之。如不应,用十全大补汤,间有可生者。当
此时势,性命急如悬缕,司命者,宜叮咛反复,熟思而审处之。
A question was asked: Regarding carbuncles and sores (deep-seated suppurative infections), what are referred to as the "Five Auspicious Signs" (Wu Shan) and the "Seven Inauspicious Signs" (Qi E)? The answer is: The "Five Auspicious Signs" are: 1. Ability to taste food; 2. Regularity of urination and defecation; 3. After pus discharge, swelling subsides, and the pus water is not foul-smelling; 4. Clear spirit, with natural calmness in movement and respiration; 5. Pulse has vitality and conforms to the seasonal patterns. The "Seven Inauspicious Signs" are: 1. Extreme thirst, fever, diarrhea, stranguria, or urinary retention; 2. Swelling worsens after pus discharge, and the pus is thin and foul-smelling; 3. Eyes lack spiritual luster, and the voice is hoarse or unclear; 4. Poor appetite with indigestion, and vomiting after taking medicine; 5. Mental confusion, drowsiness, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heaviness in the waist and back; 6. Cyanotic lips, black nose tip, and edema of the face and eyes; 7. Pulse lacks vitality, or is restless and irregular. An ancient saying states: "If three of the Five Auspicious Signs are present, the prognosis is auspicious; if four of the Seven Inauspicious Signs are present, the prognosis is inauspicious." I hold that regarding the inauspicious nature of the Seven Inauspicious Signs, danger exists even before four signs appear. However, emergency rescue methods must indeed be discussed. Generally speaking, symptoms such as heat-thirst, stranguria/retention, rapid breathing, and internal heat indicate injury to True Yin (Zhen Yin). It is appropriate to use Liuwei Dihuang Tang (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction) with added Maidong (Ophiopogon Radix) and Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus). If there is no response, use Bazhen Tang (Eight-Treasure Decoction) with added Maidong and Wuweizi. If still ineffective, use Shiquan Dabu Tang (Ten-Agent Great Tonifying Decoction), while concurrently administering Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). This follows the principle of tonifying Yin to generate Yang. If symptoms include shortness of breath, lassitude, mental clouding, fatigue, and food stagnation, these are indications of Yang Deficiency. It is appropriate to use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). If sleep is restless, Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction) is appropriate. If food intake decreases accompanied by facial and ocular edema, Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang (Aucklandia and Amomum Six-Gentlemen Decoction) is appropriate. If accompanied by Spleen-Stomach Deficiency-Cold, Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) should be used. For Kidney Qi Deficiency-Cold, Guifu Bawei Wan (Cinnamon and Aconite Eight-Ingredient Pill) is required, along with Shiquan Dabu Tang (Ten-Agent Great Tonifying Decoction) supplemented with Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata). This constitutes the method of warming and tonifying to restore Yang. If, after the ulceration of carbuncles and sores, excessive loss of pus and blood leads to opisthotonos (body arched backward like a bow horn), convulsions of the hands and feet, and trembling of the limbs, resulting in Jing disease (spasm), one should use herbs such as Renshen (Ginseng Radix), [text missing, likely Qihuangqi], Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) for rescue. If there is no response, Shiquan Dabu Tang (Ten-Agent Great Tonifying Decoction) may be used, with occasional chances of survival. At this critical juncture, life hangs by a thread; physicians should give repeated instructions, think deeply, and handle the situation prudently.