Library

Chuanlianzi (Fruit of Sichuan Loranthus, *Tutcheria chinensis*, baked to remove the flesh, 1 liang) Fuling (Poria, *Poria cocos*) Juhe (Seed of Tangerine, *Citrus reticulata*, stir-fried with salt and wine, each 1.5 liang) Rougui (Cinnamon Twig, *Cinnamomum cassia* (3 qian) Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root, *Aconitum carmichaelii*) Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit, *Evodia rutaecarpa* (soaked in decoction seven times, each 5 qian) Lizhihe (Seed of Lychee, *Litchi chinensis*, baked, 8 qian) Xiaohuixiang (Fennel Fruit, *Foeniculum vulgare*) Muxiang (Costus Root, *Saussurea costus* (each 7 qian)
Boil rock sugar to make pills. Take 2 qian per dose, administered with light salt water. If there are signs of heat, remove Fuzi and Rougui.
Lizhong Tang (See section on Cold Damage to the Middle Jiao).

Shanqi (Hernia) refers to pain in the lower abdomen radiating to the testicles. The Classics state: "When the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) is diseased, men suffer from seven types of external hernias, while women suffer from leukorrhea and mass accumulation." The so-called seven hernias are:
The first is called Chongshanqi (Rushing Hernia), where Qi rushes upward to the heart, accompanied by obstruction of both urination and defecation. The second is called Hushanqi (Fox Hernia), where the mass enters the abdomen when lying down and exits when standing. The third is called Weishanqi (Scrotal Hernia), characterized by a swollen scrotum as large as a measuring cup. The fourth is called Jueshanqi (Rebellious Hernia), caused by rebellious Liver Qi. The fifth is called Jiashanqi (Mass Hernia), featuring abdominal masses, pain with heat, and frequent discharge of white turbid matter. The sixth is called Gaoshanqi (Testicular Hernia), containing pus and blood internally. The seventh is called Longshanqi (Obstructive Hernia), also containing pus and blood internally, with obstructed urination. In my opinion, Jueshanqi is essentially Chongshanqi, and Longshanqi is essentially Gaoshanqi; although there are seven names, there are actually only five pathologies. The root of hernias originates from various Zang-Fu organs but ultimately converges in the Jueyin (Liver) channel, because the Liver governs the sinews and is associated with pain. Methods for treating hernias are numerous, but differentiation primarily concerns Qi and Blood: Qi moves freely and unpredictably, whereas Blood coagulates and stagnates.

General treatment for the seven hernias.
Juhe (Seed of Tangerine, *Citrus reticulata*, 2 liang, stir-fried with salt and wine) Xiaohuixiang (Fennel Fruit, *Foeniculum vulgare*) Chuanlianzi (Fruit of Sichuan Loranthus, *Tutcheria chinensis*, 8 qian, baked to remove flesh) Taoren (Peach Seed, *Prunus persica*, peeled, tip and double kernels removed, stir-fried) Xiangfu (Rhizoma Cyperi, *Cyperus rotundus*, vinegar-fried) Shanzhazhi (Hawthorn Seed, *Crataegus pinnatifida*, stir-fried, each 1 liang) Guangmuxiang (Costus Root, *Saussurea costus*) Honghua (Safflower Flower, *Carthamus tinctorius* (each 5 qian)
Use Shenqu (Medicated Leaven, *Medicated Leaven*, 3 liang) mixed with paste to form pills. Take 3 qian per dose.
For Chongshanqi (Rushing Hernia), administer with a decoction of Baifuling (White Poria, *Poria cocos*, 1 qian) and Songziren (Pine Seed Kernel, *Pinus koraiensis*, 3 qian). For Hushanqi (Fox Hernia), administer with a decoction of Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root, *Angelica sinensis*, 2 qian) and Niuxi (Achyranthes Root, *Achyranthes bidentata*, 1.5 qian) in wine. For Weishanqi (Scrotal Hernia), administer with a decoction of Baifuling (White Poria, *Poria cocos*, 1 qian), Chenpi (Dried Tangerine Peel, *Citrus reticulata*, 1 qian), and Chifuling (Red Poria, *Poria cocos*, 1 qian). For Jueshanqi (Rebellious Hernia), the treatment is the same as for Chongshanqi. For Jiashanqi (Mass Hernia), administer with a decoction of Danshen (Salvia Root, *Salvia miltiorrhiza*, 1.5 qian) and Baifuling (White Poria, *Poria cocos*, 1.5 qian). For Gaoshanqi (Testicular Hernia), add Wulingzhi (Trogopterus Dung, *Trogopterus dung*, 1 liang, vinegar-fried) and Chishao (Red Peony Root, *Paeonia lactiflora*, 1.5 qian, wine-fried) to the base formula; administer with Niuxi (Achyranthes Root, *Achyranthes bidentata*, 1.5 qian) and Dangguiwei (Tail of Angelica Sinensis Root, *Angelica sinensis*, 3 qian) in wine. For Longshanqi (Obstructive Hernia), the treatment is the same as above. If cold pathogen is deep and severe, add Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit, *Evodia rutaecarpa*, 5 qian) and Rouguixin (Heart of Cinnamon Twig, *Cinnamomum cassia*, 5 qian) to the base formula; if extreme, add one Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root, *Aconitum carmichaelii*). If exterior cold binds interior heat, causing burning abdominal pain or discharge of white turbid matter, add Heishanzhi (Black Gardenia Fruit, *Gardenia jasminoides*, 5 qian), Chuanbixie (Grassleaf Fern Rhizome, *Dioscorea hypoglauca*, 1 liang), and Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit, *Evodia rutaecarpa*, 3 qian, soaked in decoction seven times) to the base formula. Wuzhuyu disperses exterior cold, while Shanzhi clears interior heat; using them together is the method from Zhu Danxi's *Danxi Xinfa*.

Xiaochangqi (Small Intestine Qi) presents as twisting pain below the umbilicus, relieved by passing gas.
Nangpangqi (Bladder Qi) presents as heat and pain at the umbilicus, with difficult urination, which is also known as Baobi (Bladder Bi Syndrome).
Xianshanqi (String Hernia) resembles a bowstring and is a disease of the sinews.
Pixi (Paralytic Mass) lies hidden internally, with pain penetrating to the bone.
Jiku (Accumulated Mass) has palpable lumps and is a disease of Blood.
Jiaju (Floating Mass) implies falsity; it gathers and scatters suddenly, and is a disease of Qi.
Although all the above conditions cause pain, they do not radiate to the testicles, so they are not named "hernia" (Shan). However, the treatment methods can be modified based on the aforementioned pill, adjusting dosage according to severity...