身体痛，内伤外感均有之。如身痛而拘急者，外感风寒也。身痛如受杖者，中寒也。身
痛而重坠者，湿也。若劳力辛苦之人，一身酸软无力而痛者，虚也。治法，风则散之，香苏
散。寒则温之，理中汤。湿则燥之，苍白二陈汤。虚则补之，补中益气汤。大抵身痛多属于
寒，盖热主流通，寒主闭塞也。无论风湿与虚，挟寒者多，挟热者少，治者审之。
香苏散 （见太阳证。
理中汤 （见中寒。
苍术二陈汤 （即二陈汤加苍术、白术，见类中。
补中益气汤 （见类中）
肩背痛，古方主以茯苓丸，谓痰饮为患也，而亦有不尽然者。凡背痛多属于风，胸痛多
属于气，气滞则痰凝，脏腑之病也。背为诸 之所伏，凡风邪袭人，必从 入，经络之病也
间有胸痛连背者，气闭其经也。亦有背痛连胸者，风鼓其气也。治胸痛者，理痰气；治背
痛者，祛风邪，此一定之理。理痰气，宜用木香调气散，并前丸。祛风邪，宜用秦艽天麻汤
挟寒者，加桂、附。挟虚者，以补中益气加秦艽、天麻主之。如或风邪痰气，互相鼓煽，
痰饮随风走入经络，而肩臂肿痛，则煎、丸二方，须酌量合用，治无不效矣。
茯苓 半夏（姜汁炒，各二两） 风化硝 枳壳（面炒，各五钱
姜汁糊丸，如桐子大。每服二、三十丸，淡姜汤下。
木香调气散 （见类中。
Body pain may occur in both internal injury and external contraction conditions. If body pain is accompanied by stiffness and tension, it is due to external contraction of Wind-Cold. If body pain feels as severe as if beaten with a staff, it is due to Cold invading the interior (Zhong Han). If body pain is accompanied by a sensation of heaviness and sinking, it is due to Dampness. For those engaged in hard physical labor, if the whole body feels sore, soft, weak, and painful, it is due to Deficiency. The treatment principles are: for Wind, disperse it using Xiangsu San (Perilla and Cyperus Powder); for Cold, warm it using Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction); for Dampness, dry it using Cangbai Erchen Tang (Atractylodes and White Atractylodes Erchen Decoction, i.e., Erchen Decoction plus Cang Zhu and Bai Zhu); for Deficiency, tonify it using Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). Generally, body pain mostly belongs to Cold, because Heat promotes circulation while Cold causes obstruction. Whether it is Wind-Damp or Deficiency, cases complicated by Cold are common, while those complicated by Heat are rare; practitioners should examine this carefully.
Pain in the shoulder and back has traditionally been treated with Fuling Wan (Poria Pill), attributing the condition to Phlegm-Fluid retention, but this is not always the case. Generally, back pain is mostly due to Wind, while chest pain is mostly due to Qi stagnation. Qi stagnation leads to Phlegm condensation, which is a disease of the Zang-Fu organs. The back is where the Yang meridians reside; when Wind pathogen invades the human body, it must enter from the back, constituting a disease of the meridians. Occasionally, chest pain radiates to the back, caused by Qi blockage in the meridians. Conversely, back pain radiates to the chest, caused by Wind stirring up Qi. To treat chest pain, one should regulate Phlegm and Qi, using Muxiang Tiaoqi San (Costus Regulating Qi Powder) along with the aforementioned pill. To treat back pain, one should dispel Wind pathogen, using Qinjiao Tianma Tang (Gastrodia and Gentian Decoction). If complicated by Cold, add Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root); if complicated by Deficiency, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang added with Qinjiao and Tianma as the primary prescription. If Wind pathogen and Phlegm-Qi stir each other up, causing Phlegm-Fluid to follow the Wind into the meridians, resulting in swelling and pain in the shoulder and arm, the decoction and the pill must be used in combination according to the specific situation, and the treatment will invariably be effective.
Fuling (Poria), Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome, stir-fried with ginger juice, 2 liang each), Fenghua Xiao (Weathered Saltpeter), Zhike (Bitter Orange Peel, stir-fried with flour, 5 qian each). Make pills using ginger juice paste, sized like wutong seeds. Take 20-30 pills per dose, washed down with light ginger soup.