(This herb) has a sweet taste and astringent nature, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing) and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing). It stops seminal emission and consolidates leukorrhea.
(It has) a pungent taste and warm nature, enters the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing) and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing). It secures essence and astringes blood, warms the knees and strengthens the waist.
(It has) a pungent and salty taste, slightly warm, enters the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing) and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing). It tonifies the kidney and benefits the liver, astringes essence and stops bleeding. It should be stir-fried with Concha Meretricis Pulvis (Ge Fen) and ground for use.
(It has) a salty taste, slightly cold, and astringent nature, enters the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian (Shou Shaoyin Xin Jing), Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing), Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing), and Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian (Zu Shaoyang Dan Jing). It anchors the spirit and calms palpitations, preserves essence and blood to prevent incontinence. The white variety is preferred; grind into fine powder for use.
(It has) a salty taste, slightly cold, and astringent nature, enters the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian (Shou Shaoyin Xin Jing) and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing). It descends gallbladder qi to eliminate fullness, anchors heart spirit to stop fright, clears lung metal to drain heat, preserves fluids and secures essence. Use as powder, ground finely.
(It has) a sweet taste, slightly cold, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing) and Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian (Zu Taiyang Pangguang Jing). It clears lung metal to stop bleeding, promotes urination to treat strangury.
(It has) a bitter taste, slightly cold, enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing). It unblocks collateral stasis, stops leakage of Ying-blood (Nutritive Blood).
(It has) an sour taste and astringent nature, enters the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian (Shou Yangming Dachang Jing) and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing). It astringes the intestines and consolidates the kidney, stops seminal emission and bleeding.
(It has) a bitter taste, with pungent and astringent qualities, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing). It clears lung metal to benefit qi, astringes the lung to stop bleeding.
(It has) a sweet and sour taste, enters the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian (Shou Shaoyin Xin Jing) and Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian (Zu Shaoyang Dan Jing). It calms the heart and gallbladder to relieve vexation, anchors the spirit to facilitate sleep. Raw use drains gallbladder heat to promote sleep; cooked use tonifies gallbladder deficiency to treat insomnia.
(It has) a pungent taste, slightly warm, enters the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian (Shou Shaoyin Xin Jing) and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing). It opens the orifices of the heart, enhances wisdom and calms the spirit.
(It has) a sour taste, slightly bitter, with astringent aroma, enters the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian (Shou Yangming Dachang Jing) and Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing). It收敛s Geng-metal (Lung) to stop diarrhea, astringes Xin-metal (Lung) to stop cough, breaks stagnation and fullness to descend rebellious qi, disperses depression and obstruction to retract sinking qi.
(It has) a sour taste, neutral aroma, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing) and Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian (Shou Yangming Dachang Jing). It astringes the lung to remove cough, consolidates the intestine to stop dysentery. Fermented from Chinese Gallnut (Wubeizi), named Baiyaojian (Hundred Medicines Decoction), it shares the same efficacy as Wubeizi.
(It has) a salty taste, astringent nature, slightly cold, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing) and Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian (Shou Yangming Dachang Jing). It astringes the lung and consolidates the intestine, stops cough and dysentery. It is contraindicated in early-stage disease; it should be used concurrently with herbs that move qi, resolve depression, and drain dampness.