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Taste: sweet, salty; Qi: neutral. Enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing), Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing), and Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian (Shou Yangming Dachang Jing). Warms the waist and knees, strengthens bones and muscles, nourishes the essence and blood of the Kidney and Liver, and moistens dryness and constipation in the intestines and stomach.

Taste: sweet; Qi: slightly warm. Enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian (Zu Taiyin Pi Jing) and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing). Tonifies the Spleen, nourishes blood, nourishes the Liver, and generates essence.

Taste: pungent; Qi: neutral. Enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing). Nourishes tendons, strengthens bones, benefits the knees, and fortifies the lower back.

Taste: sweet, slightly bitter. Enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian (Zu Taiyin Pi Jing) and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing). Cools blood and nourishes the Liver, clears wind and moistens Wood (Liver), treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) of the Jueyin level, and regulates Ji Dai pulse (knotted and intermittent pulse). Nourishes Wind-Wood to stop excessive dispersion, which is excellent for severe blood loss; moistens Dry-Metal (Lung) to open obstruction, effective for hard stool. Sun-dried and used raw.

Taste: sour, slightly bitter; Nature: slightly cold. Enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing) and Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian (Zu Shaoyang Dan Jing). Enters the Liver organ to clear wind, travels to the Gallbladder fu-organ to drain heat, excels at regulating mental restlessness and palpitations, most effectively eliminates abdominal pain and fullness, disperses stagnation and heat in the chest and hypochondrium, and relieves spasms and cramps in the legs and feet. Hematemesis and epistaxis are all cured, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea are completely stopped. Dysentery, strangury, and leukorrhea are all effective; hemorrhoids, fistulas, and scrofula are all effective.

Taste: bitter, slightly sweet; Nature: cold. Enters the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing) and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian (Zu Jueyin Gan Jing). Tonifies Yin and strengthens Water (Kidney), nourishes Wood (Liver) to clear wind.

Taste: sweet, slightly bitter; Nature: slightly cold. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing). Clears Metal (Lung) and drains heat, clears the Lungs to relieve irritability. Soak in water overnight until white foam appears, discard this water, then decoct with spring water for use.

Taste: bitter; Nature: slightly cold. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing). Clears Metal (Lung) and drains heat, resolves stagnation and breaks up condensation.

Taste: bitter; Qi: cold. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing) and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing). Clears Metal (Lung) and transforms into Water (Kidney). Stops thirst and generates fluids, reduces swelling and pain in the throat, removes coughing up of pus and blood.

Taste: sweet; Nature: slightly cool. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing) and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian (Zu Yangming Wei Jing). Clears Metal (Lung) and moistens dryness, relieves thirst and irritability, cools Lung heat to stop cough, descends Heart fire to calm palpitations.

Taste: sweet, slightly bitter; Nature: slightly cool. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing). Clears Metal (Lung) to relieve irritability, moistens dryness to generate fluids. Its nature is light and mild, requiring a larger dose to be effective.

Taste: sweet, slightly bitter. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Shou Taiyin Fei Jing) and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Zu Shaoyin Shen Jing). Clears Lung Metal, generates Kidney Water, washes away irritability and heat in the chest and heart, cools turbid steaming heat in the head and eyes.