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Sweet in flavor, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. It clears Lung Metal (the Zang organ of the Lung) to moisten dryness and nourishes Liver Wood (the Zang organ of the Liver) to calm internal wind.

Sweet with a slight bitter taste, slightly cold in nature, enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. It clears the Lungs, generates body fluids, relieves thirst, and moistens dryness. It relaxes the spasms associated with Jing disease (a syndrome characterized by stiffness of the neck and back, and opisthotonos), and resolves strangury (difficult, painful urination) in patients suffering from excessive thirst.

Sweet with slight bitter, pungent, sour, and salty tastes, aromatic in odor, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian and the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It tonifies the essence of Taiyin Ji Earth (Spleen) and transforms the Qi of Yangming Wu Earth (Stomach). It generates fluids, moistens the Lungs, and dispels dryness; it nourishes blood, nourishes the Liver, and extinguishes wind. It treats spleen and stomach decline and damage, and regulates deficiency and hollow pulse (Kou Mai - floating, large, and empty in the middle, felt like pressing on a green onion stalk) in the meridians.

Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It nurtures the Middle Jiao, tonifies Earth (Spleen), preserves essence, and gathers the spirit. It is excellent at stopping seminal emission and leakage, and can halt loose, watery stools.

Sweet in flavor, aromatic in odor, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian and the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It dries dampness and clears Metal (Lung), promotes urination to drain dampness, tonifies the essence of Ji Earth (Spleen), and transforms the Qi of Wu Earth (Stomach). It moistens the dryness and thirst of Xin Metal (Lung) and unblocks the dribbling urine of Ren Water (Bladder/Kidney). It most effectively drains wind-dampness from the collaterals and meridians and is excellent at opening bi-obstruction pain in the chest and diaphragm.

Sweet in flavor, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian and the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. It cultivates the Middle and nourishes the Stomach, stops diarrhea, and arrests vomiting.

Sweet in flavor, neutral in Qi, slippery in nature, enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It moistens the constipation and涩 (roughness/stagnation) of the intestines and stomach, and unblocks the knotted and intermittent pulse (Jie Dai Mai - irregularly intermittent pulse) of the meridians. Use after removing the shell, stir-frying, and grinding.

Sweet and pungent in flavor, neutral in Qi, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian, and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It moistens dryness and drains dampness, consolidates Qi, and calms the Spirit.

Sweet in flavor, slightly salty, enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, and Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. It lubricates constipation and opens knots, moistens withered and dried-out tissues, and hydrates dryness. Those with loose, watery stools should not take this. Use one-quarter water, refined/cooked before use.

Bitter and pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature, enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It directs rebellious Qi downward to stop coughing, breaks through obstruction to stabilize wheezing, is excellent at stopping pain, and most effectively eliminates distension and fullness. Use after removing the peel, stir-fried with ginger juice.

Bitter, sour, and pungent in flavor, cold in nature, enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It drains epigastric fullness and removes dampness, eliminates old retained food, and restores clarity. Stir-fry with flour, do not let it burn, then grind for use.