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(Such medicine) is pungent in flavor and enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It specifically promotes the circulation of blood stasis and is most effective in relieving abdominal pain.

(Such medicine) is sweet in flavor, neutral in qi, and enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It promotes blood circulation, breaks up stasis, unblocks the meridians, relieves pain, and also treats zhaj masses (abdominal masses) and benglou (metrorrhagia and metrorrhesis).

(Such medicine) is sweet and slightly bitter in flavor and enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It harmonizes Ying-nutritive blood to stop bleeding and unblocks vessels to promote blood circulation.

(Such medicine) is bitter in flavor and slightly warm in nature, entering the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It unblocks the meridians, invigorates blood, breaks stagnation, and grinds down hardness. It is beneficial for both prenatal and postnatal conditions and is quite effective in treating zhaj masses. It can relieve lower back and abdominal pain, dissipate heat swelling from carbuncles and sores, and cure traumatic injuries as well as hematemesis and epistaxis.

(Such medicine) is pungent in flavor and slightly cold in nature, entering the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It circulates old blood and breaks up residual stasis.

(Such medicine) is bitter and pungent in flavor, neutral in qi, and enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It invigorates blood, regulates menstruation, breaks stasis, and unblocks vessels. It is effective for prenatal and postnatal disorders, benglou, carbuncles and sores, zhaj masses, and traumatic injuries.

(Such medicine) is bitter and pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature, and enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It regulates menstruation, breaks blood stasis, transforms masses, and dissipates accumulations.

(Such medicine) is salty in flavor and fishy in odor, entering the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian and the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. It breaks up zhaj masses and eliminates coagulated stasis, regulates carbuncles and sores, and discharges pus and blood. It should be stir-fried with vinegar until charred, then ground into a fine powder for use.

(Such medicine) is bitter and sour in flavor, neutral in qi, and enters the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian and the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It promotes urination, resolves accumulation, breaks blood stasis, and unblocks the meridians.

(Such medicine) is salty in flavor and slightly cold in nature, entering the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It excels at resolving blood stasis and is best suited for nourishing injuries. It should be stir-fried until charred but retaining its medicinal properties, then ground into a fine powder for use.

(Such medicine) is bitter in flavor and slightly cold in nature, entering the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It excels at breaking blood stasis and can transform residual stasis. After stir-frying until charred, remove wings and legs, then grind into a fine powder for use.

(Such medicine) is salty, bitter, and slightly cold in nature, entering the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It excels at breaking accumulated blood and can dissolve hardness. It should be stir-fried until charred but retaining its medicinal properties, then ground into a fine powder for use.

(Such medicine) is pungent and sweet in flavor and enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. It aids digestion, eliminates phlegm, drains fullness, and removes痞块 (lump-like sensations). It should be stir-fried and ground for use.

(Such medicine) is sour and sweet in flavor, neutral in qi, and enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian and the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It dissipates accumulations, breaks obstructions, promotes blood circulation, and opens up stasis.

(Such medicine) is sweet in flavor and neutral in qi, entering the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, and Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. It promotes urination, dries dampness, drains fluid retention, and eliminates phlegm. It excels at calming palpitations and is best at resolving depressive fullness. It relieves irritability following sweating or purgation, stops dryness and thirst caused by fluid retention, is a divine remedy for lin syndrome (dysuria) and difficult urination, and an excellent drug for benglou and seminal emission/leukorrhea. It is effective for qi distension and water swelling, as well as regurgitation and dysphagia. Its efficacy covers hundreds of diseases, and its effects are evident in thousands of prescriptions.