（附∶冷丹）
论
《内经》曰∶少阴所至为疡疹。夫少阴所至者，言君火有余，热令大行，戊子戊午之岁也。在人则心主之心火太过，
则制己所胜而烧烁肺金。盖肺主皮毛，故红点如蚤之状，见于皮肤之间，心火侮而乘之之色也，名曰瘾疹；或伤寒温热
病而发斑斑如锦文者，名曰发斑，皆热毒之所致也。其证有阳毒，有阴毒，是皆冬应寒而反温，人受不正之气，故至春
夏而发为斑烂，夫阳脉浮数而阴脉实大者，名为温毒。或为内外结热极深，舌卷焦黑，鼻若烟煤，狂言见鬼，面赤而斑
烂者，名为阳毒。如温病下之太早，热气乘虚入胃，或下之太迟，热病郁积胃中，或医者误用热药过多，胃气热甚，及
内伤热病，虚火燔灼肺之间，皆能成发斑也。是故发赤斑者半生半死，发黑斑者九死一生。治法用化斑汤（即人参白虎
汤）、升麻葛根汤、玄参升麻汤、黑膏、黑奴丸之类，是皆正治之法也，学人宜详察而用之。
脉法
脉阳浮而数，阴实而大。（火盛在表，故阳脉浮数。下焦实热，故阴脉实大。）
脉多沉伏，或细而散，或绝无。（滑伯仁曰∶脉者，血之波澜。故发斑者，血散于肌肤，故脉伏。）
方法
丹溪曰∶发斑属气热挟痰而作，自里而发于外，通圣散中消息用，当微汗以散之，下之非理也。
戴氏曰∶有色点而无颗粒者，曰斑。一云∶发斑似伤寒，痰热之病发于外也。
有属里者，因胃热助手少阴火，入手太阴肺也，故红点如斑，生于皮毛间耳，白虎、泻心、调味承气从长选用之。
内伤发斑者，胃气极虚，一身之火游行于外所致，宜补以降之。
疹属热与痰在肺，清肺火降痰，或解散出汗，亦有可下者。
戴氏曰∶疹，浮小有颗粒者是也，随出即没，没而又出，主乎解散，汗之即愈，通圣散中消息用之。
丹疹皆是恶毒热血蕴蓄于命门，遇君相二火合起即发也。如遇热时，以通圣等辛凉之剂解之；寒月，以升麻葛根等
辛温之剂解之。
凡丹疹，先从四肢起而后入腹者，死。
有乳孩因胎毒两腋生疖，后腹胀发赤疹如霞片，取剪刀草杵汁，调原蚕沙敷之而愈。
冷丹属血风血热，用通圣散。有痰血相搏，用蝉蜕、僵蚕、荆芥、南星治之。
（以上丹溪方法凡七条）
消风散
荆芥穗 甘草（炙） 陈皮（去白） 浓朴 白僵蚕（炒） 蝉蜕（去土，炒） 人参 茯苓 防风 川芎 藿香 羌
活（各等分）
上细切，每服二钱，煎荆芥汤或茶清调下。
葛根橘皮汤（元戎） 治肌肤斑驳，冬温治发，咳而心闷，但呕清汁。
葛根 橘红 杏仁 知母 黄芩 麻黄 甘草（各等分）
上细切，每服五钱，水一盏半，煎至一盏，温服。
阳毒升麻汤（活人） 治伤寒一、二日间，身发斑烂，或吐下后变成阳毒，腰背疼痛，面赤狂言，下利，脉浮
大
咽痛。（方见伤寒门。）
玄参升麻汤（活人） 治发斑咽痛烦躁谵语。（方见伤寒门。）
阳毒栀子汤（活人） 治伤寒壮热百节烦痛，身发斑烂。
升麻 栀子仁 黄芩 芍药（各一钱） 石膏（二钱） 知母（一钱五分） 杏仁（七分半） 柴胡（一钱） 甘
草（五分）
上细切，作一服，入姜三片，香豉一百粒，煎服。
犀角消毒饮（和剂） 治发斑瘾疹等证。
牛蒡子（四分） 荆芥穗 防风（去芦，各三钱） 甘草（一分） 犀角（一钱五分，另镑为细末，不入汤煎）
上细切，作一服，水二盏，煎至一盏，调犀角末服。
解毒防风汤（和剂） 治发斑及瘾疹痒痛。
防风（一钱五分） 地骨皮 黄 芍药 荆芥穗 枳壳 牛蒡子（炒，各七分半）
上细切，作一服，水二盏，煎至一盏，去渣温服。
升麻葛根汤（仲景） 治伤寒阳明实热发斑。（方见伤寒门。）
阴毒升麻鳖甲汤 治阴斑。
升麻（二钱） 当归 甘草（各一钱五分） 蜀椒（二十粒） 鳖甲（炙，一钱） 雄黄（四分，另研）
上细切，水二盏，煎至一盏，去渣，调雄黄末服。
加味羌活散 治感四时不正之气，发为瘾疹。
羌活 前胡（各一钱） 人参 桔梗 甘草（炙） 枳壳（麸炒黄色） 川芎 天麻 茯苓（各五分） 蝉蜕 薄
荷（各三分）
上细切，作一服，加生姜三片，水二盏，煎至一盏，温服。
调中汤 治内伤外感所发阴斑。
苍术（一钱五分） 陈皮（一钱） 砂仁 藿香 芍药（煨） 甘草（炙） 桔梗（去芦） 半夏（汤泡七次） 白
芷羌活 枳壳（各七分） 川芎（五分） 麻黄（去节） 桂枝（各三分）
上细切，作一服，加生姜三片，水二大盏，煎七分，温服。
化斑汤（仲景） 治伤寒汗吐下后，发斑脉伏。即伤寒门白虎加人参汤也。守真《类萃》又加白术，
水煎，时时服之。
黑膏（活人） 治温毒发斑。（冬月大温，人受不正之气，至春发斑如锦文，脉浮散属阳，沉伏属阴，用此以消
疫毒之气。）
生地黄（半斤） 香豉（一升）
上二味细切，以猪膏二斤合煎之，取浓汁如膏，用雄黄麝香如豆大内中，搅和匀，每服用弹子大，白汤化下。
大青四物汤（活人） 治瘟疫发斑。
大青（四钱） 阿胶（炒成珠子） 甘草（炙，各二钱） 香豉（一合）
上细切，作一服，水煎服之。
（祖传方）
加味败毒散 治瘟疫及瘾疹等证。
羌活 独活 前胡 柴胡 川归 川芎 枳壳 桔梗 茯苓 人参（各五分） 甘草 薄荷（各二分半）
加∶白术 防风 荆芥 苍术 芍药 生地黄（各五分）
上细切，作一服，加生姜三片，大枣二枚，水煎服。此因虚而感冒风湿以致发斑者，服之良验。
(Appendix: Cold Erythema)
Discourse
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: "When Shaoyin [Lesser Yin] qi arrives, it manifests as sores and rashes." The phrase "Shaoyin qi arrives" refers to an excess of Ministerial Fire (Junhuo), where the heat command prevails, corresponding to the Wuzi and Wuwu years. In the human body, this indicates that the Heart Master's Heart Fire is excessive, thereby controlling its conquered element and scorching Lung Metal. Since the Lung governs the skin and hair, red spots resembling flea bites appear between the skin layers; this coloration represents Heart Fire insulting and overcoming the Lungs, known as Yinzhen (urticaria/wind wheals). Alternatively, in Shanghan (Cold Damage) or warm-heat diseases, macules appearing like brocade patterns are called Faban (eruption of macules), both caused by heat toxins. These conditions include Yang Du (Yang Toxin) and Yin Du (Yin Toxin), resulting from winter failing to be cold but instead being warm, causing people to contract abnormal qi, which then erupts as macular lesions in spring and summer. If the Yang pulse is floating and rapid while the Yin pulse is solid and large, it is called Wendu (Warm Toxin). Or, if internal and external heat knots are extremely deep, with a curled and scorched black tongue, nose resembling smoke coal, delirious speech seeing ghosts, red face, and macular lesions, it is called Yang Du. If Wenbing (Warm Disease) is purged too early, allowing heat qi to enter the Stomach via deficiency, or purged too late, allowing heat disease to accumulate in the Stomach, or if physicians mistakenly use too many hot medicines leading to extreme Stomach heat, or due to internal injury heat disease where deficient fire flares up burning the Lungs, all can result in Faban. Therefore, those emitting red macules have half survival and half death rates, while those emitting black macules have nine deaths for every one survivor. Treatment methods involve using Huaban Tang (which is Renshen Baihu Tang), Shengma Gegen Tang, Xuanshen Shengma Tang, Heigao, and Heini Wan, among others; these are all correct treatment methods, and students should examine them carefully before use.
Pulse Methods
The pulse is floating and rapid at the Yang position, and solid and large at the Yin position. (Fire excess in the exterior causes the Yang pulse to be floating and rapid. Excess heat in the lower jiao causes the Yin pulse to be solid and large.)
The pulse is mostly deep and hidden, or fine and scattered, or completely absent. (Slai Borén said: The pulse is the wave of blood. Thus, when macules erupt, blood scatters into the skin and muscles, causing the pulse to be hidden.)
Methods
Zhu Danxi said: Faban belongs to Qi heat combined with phlegm arising, originating from the interior and manifesting on the exterior. It should be used cautiously within Tongsheng San, aiming for slight sweating to disperse it; purging is unreasonable.
Dai Shi said: Those with colored spots but no granules are called Ban (macules). Another view: Faban resembles Shanghan, being a phlegm-heat disease manifesting externally.
Some belong to the Interior syndrome, caused by Stomach heat assisting the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Fire, entering the Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian, thus red spots like macules arise between the skin and hair. Baizhu Tang, Xiexin Tang, and Tiaowei Chengqi Tang can be selected according to circumstances.
For internal injury Faban, the Stomach Qi is extremely deficient, causing the fire of the whole body to wander to the exterior; supplementation with descending action is appropriate.
Zhen (papules) belong to heat and phlegm in the Lungs; clearing Lung fire and descending phlegm, or dispersing through sweating, are indicated. There are also cases suitable for purging.
Dai Shi said: Zhen are small, floating, and granular; they appear and disappear quickly, reappearing later. The primary treatment is dispersion; inducing sweat leads to recovery. Tongsheng San can be used cautiously.
Dan Zhen (erythema) are all evil toxic hot blood accumulating in the Mingmen (Gate of Life); upon meeting the combination of Jun Fire and Xiang Fire, they erupt. When encountering hot weather, use acrid-cool agents like Tongsheng San to resolve them; in cold months, use acrid-warm agents like Shengma Gegen Tang to resolve them.
For all Dan Zhen, if it starts from the limbs and then enters the abdomen, it indicates death.
An infant, due to fetal toxin, developed boils in both armpits, followed by abdominal distension and red rashes like rosy patches. Taking juice from Scissors Grass (Jiandao Cao) pounded fresh, mixed with Bombyx Batryticatus (Yuancansha) applied topically resulted in cure.
Cold Dan belongs to Blood Wind and Blood Heat, treated with Tongsheng San. If there is struggle between phlegm and blood, treat with Chantui (Cicada Slough), Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus), Jingjie (Schizonepeta), and Nanting (Arisaema).
(Above are seven methods from Danxi)
Xiaofeng San
Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie Sui), Licorice Root (Gancao, roasted), Tangerine Peel (Chenpi, white removed), Magnolia Bark (Noupu), White Silkworm (Bai Jiangcan, fried), Cicada Slough (Chantui, earth removed, fried), Ginseng (Renshen), Poria (Fuling), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Ligusticum Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Agastache (Huoxiang), Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo) (all equal parts).
Finely cut. Take two qian per dose, decocted in Schizonepeta tea or adjusted with clear tea water.
Gegen Jupi Tang (Yuanrong) Treats mottled skin, winter warmth eruption, cough with chest oppression, only vomiting clear fluid.
Pueraria Root (Gegen), Tangerine Peel (Juhong), Apricot Seed (Xingren), Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Ephedra Stem (Mahuang), Licorice Root (Gancao) (all equal parts).
Finely cut. Take five qian per dose, with one and a half cups of water, decocted to one cup, taken warm.
Yangdu Shengma Tang (Huoren) Treats Shanghan in one or two days, body erupting macular lesions, or becoming Yang Du after vomiting/purging, lower back pain, red face, delirium, diarrhea, floating-large pulse, sore throat. (Formula seen in Shanghan section.)
Xuanshen Shengma Tang (Huoren) Treats Faban with sore throat, irritability, and delirium. (Formula seen in Shanghan section.)
Yangdu Zhizi Tang (Huoren) Treats Shanghan with high fever, joint pain, and body erupting macular lesions.
Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma), Gardenia Seed (Zhizi Ren), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Peony Root (Shaoyao) (each 1 qian), Gypsum (Shigao, 2 qian), Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu, 1.5 qian), Apricot Seed (Xingren, 0.75 qian), Bupleurum Root (Chaihu, 1 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 0.5 qian).
Finely cut, make one dose, add three slices of ginger and one hundred grains of Fermented Soybean (Xiangchi), decoct and take.
Xijiao Xiaodu Yin (Heji) Treats Faban, Yinzhen, etc.
Arctium Fruit (Niubangzi, 4 fen), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie Sui), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng, de-rusted, each 3 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 1 fen), Rhino Horn (Xijiao, 1.5 qian, separately sliced into fine powder, not decocted in soup).
Finely cut, make one dose, with two cups of water, decoct to one cup, mix with Rhino Horn powder and take.
Jiedu Fangfeng Tang (Heji) Treats Faban and Yinzhen with itching and pain.
Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng, 1.5 qian), Groundcherry Root (Digupi), Astragalus Root (Huangqi), Peony Root (Shaoyao), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie Sui), Bitter Orange (Zhiqiao), Arctium Fruit (Niubangzi, fried, each 0.75 qian).
Finely cut, make one dose, with two cups of water, decoct to one cup, remove dregs and take warm.
Shengma Gegen Tang (Zhongjing) Treats Shanghan Yangming excess heat causing Faban. (Formula seen in Shanghan section.)
Yindu Shengma Biejia Tang Treats Yin Ban.
Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma, 2 qian), Angelica Sinensis Root (Danggui), Licorice Root (Gancao) (each 1.5 qian), Sichuan Pepper (Shujiao, 20 grains), Softshell Turtle Shell (Biejia, roasted, 1 qian), Realgar (Xionghuang, 4 fen, separately ground).
Finely cut, with two cups of water, decoct to one cup, remove dregs, mix with Realgar powder and take.
Jiawei Qianghuo San Treats contracting abnormal qi of the four seasons, erupting as Yinzhen.
Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo), Peucedanum Root (Qianhu) (each 1 qian), Ginseng (Renshen), Platycodon Root (Jiegeng), Licorice Root (Gancao, roasted), Bitter Orange (Zhiqiao, bran-fried yellow), Ligusticum Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Gastrodia Tuber (Tianma), Poria (Fuling) (each 0.5 qian), Cicada Slough (Chantui), Mint (Bohe) (each 0.3 qian).
Finely cut, make one dose, add three slices of ginger, two cups of water, decoct to one cup, take warm.
Tiaozhong Tang Treats Yin Ban caused by internal injury and external contraction.
Atractylodes Rhizome (Cangzhu, 1.5 qian), Tangerine Peel (Chenpi, 1 qian), Amomum Fruit (Sharen), Agastache (Huoxiao), Peony Root (Shaoyao, baked), Licorice Root (Gancao, roasted), Platycodon Root (Jiegeng, de-rusted), Pinellia Tuber (Banxia, soaked in boiling water seven times), Angelica Dahurica Root (Baizhi), Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo), Bitter Orange (Zhiqiao) (each 0.75 qian), Ligusticum Rhizome (Chuanxiong, 0.5 qian), Ephedra Stem (Mahuang, nodes removed), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) (each 0.3 qian).
Finely cut, make one dose, add three slices of ginger, two large cups of water, decoct to seventy percent volume, take warm.
Huaban Tang (Zhongjing) Treats Faban with hidden pulse after sweating, vomiting, or purging in Shanghan. This is the Baizhu Jia Renshen Tang from the Shanghan section. Shouzhen's *Leicui* adds Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu), decocted in water and taken frequently.
Heigao (Huoren) Treats Wendu Faban. (In winter, great warmth causes people to contract abnormal qi; by spring, macules erupt like brocade. Floating-scattered pulse belongs to Yang, hidden pulse belongs to Yin. Use this to eliminate epidemic toxic qi.)
Rehmannia Root (Shengdihuang, half jin), Fermented Soybean (Xiangchi, one sheng).
Finely cut the two ingredients, combine with two jin of lard, decoct together, obtain thick liquid like paste. Add Realgar and Musk the size of a bean inside, stir evenly. Take a pellet-sized amount per dose, dissolved in plain water.
Daqing Siwu Tang (Huoren) Treats plague-induced Faban.
Isatis Leaf (Daqing), Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao, fried into beads), Licorice Root (Gancao, roasted) (each 2 qian), Fermented Soybean (Xiangchi, one he).
Finely cut, make one dose, decoct in water and take.
(Ancestral Formula)
Jiawei Baidu San Treats plague and Yinzhen, etc.
Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo), Angelica Pubescens Root (Duhuo), Peucedanum Root (Qianhu), Bupleurum Root (Chaihu), Angelica Sinensis Root (Chuan Gui), Ligusticum Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Bitter Orange (Zhiqiao), Platycodon Root (Jiegeng), Poria (Fuling), Ginseng (Renshen) (each 0.5 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao), Mint (Bohe) (each 0.25 qian).
Add: Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie), Atractylodes Rhizome (Cangzhu), Peony Root (Shaoyao), Rehmannia Root (Shengdihuang) (each 0.5 qian).
Finely cut, make one dose, add three slices of ginger and two dates, decoct in water and take. This is effective for Faban caused by deficiency and contracting wind-dampness.