[总诀]寒热阴阳朕兆机，互根互换理难知。或虚或实分真假，表里能明乃可医。
发热恶寒，皮毛洒淅无汗者，风寒闭肤表也。宜原方麻黄汤。
麻黄（七分） 桂枝（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 甘草（一钱）
歌曰∶恶寒发热汗无流，麻桂经方仔细求。
杏助麻黄甘助桂，皮毛洒淅此方投。
（伯未按∶余家遇感冒不服药，购防风五钱，紫苏五钱，荆芥五钱，薄荷三钱，洗汤蒙首熏，待背上汗出，
口流冷涎，即已。）
发热恶风，翕翕然而自汗者，风寒袭腠里也。宜原方桂枝汤。
桂枝（二钱） 白芍（三钱） 甘草（炙，二钱） 大枣（四枚） 生姜（三片）
歌曰∶热兼汗出忌风吹，汤用生姜及桂枝。
芍枣和甘营气顺，解肌还赖粥浆随。
但热不寒，口干舌燥便黄者，阳明之燥热也。宜原方白
虎汤。
石膏（三钱） 知母（三钱） 甘草（一钱） 粳米（二钱）
歌曰∶但热无寒小便黄，口干舌燥渴难当。
知膏粳草生津液，白虎原方仔细详。
但寒不热，并无燥渴等证者，少阴之阳虚也。宜长沙附子汤。
附子（二钱） 白术（三钱） 人参（二钱） 云苓（三钱） 甘草（一钱）
歌曰∶但寒无热少阴虚，术附回阳体自舒。
甘草参苓俱补气，气和身暖病能除。
皮肤发热，夜晚潮热更甚者，阴血不濡阳也。宜当归补血汤。
当归（三钱） 生地（三钱） 黄 （二钱） 人参（二钱） 枯芩（三钱） 合欢皮（二钱） 山萸（三
钱） 百合（三钱） 麦冬（三钱） 黄柏（二钱） 龟板（二钱） 慈竹叶（一钱 ）
歌曰∶皮肤发热夜来增，滋补归萸地合参。
柏龟芩冬合欢竹，黄 益气液升腾。
子午发热，睡后更觉盗汗者，虚劳骨蒸热也。宜柴胡清蒸汤。
柴胡（一钱） 黄芩（三钱） 当归（二钱） 白芍（三钱） 生地（三钱） 丹皮（一钱） 桃仁（二
钱） 蒲黄（三钱） 胆草（二钱） 云苓（三钱） 贝母（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 甘草（一钱） 鳖甲（
炙黄，二钱）
歌曰∶盗热常居子午时，夜来更甚用丹皮。
桃蒲归芍柴芩地，胆鳖甘苓贝杏施。
寒热往来，发作有定时候者，少阳经疟疾也。宜独活黄芩汤。
独活（五分） 黄芩（三钱） 知母（三钱） 柴胡（三钱） 羌活（五分） 花粉（三钱） 槟榔（一
钱） 浓朴（一钱） 枳壳（一钱） 杏仁（三钱） 炒栀（三钱） 石膏（三钱）
歌曰∶往来寒热用柴芩，二活知膏杏枳寻。
花粉槟榔栀朴草，薄荷加入疟难侵。
（伯未按∶若疟发三四次后，用柴胡、黄芩、常山、草果、生姜、大枣煎服即止。惟服时在疟发前一小时。
又三阴疟不愈者，以鹅卵于朔望日生者煮熟食，立已。）
朝发寒冷，入夜则又发热者，阳气陷入阴也。宜补中益气汤。
人参（二钱） 白术（三钱） 甘草（二钱） 陈皮（一钱） 茯苓（三钱） 黄 （一钱） 升麻（一
钱） 当归（三钱） 柴胡（一钱） 生姜（三片） 大枣（四枚）
歌曰∶朝寒夜热用升麻，再入参归术草偕。
陈茯黄 姜共枣，补中能使气和谐。
身热面赤，下利清水完谷者，里寒而外热也。宜加味白通汤。
干姜（二钱） 附子（二钱） 葱白（五根） 甘草（一钱） 猪胆（一个）
歌曰∶面红身热似阴亏，下利缘何谷未糜。
温里急需姜与附，葱和胆草作汤医。
身热面赤，烦躁欲卧泥水者，阴甚而格阳也。宜益元艾附汤。
人参（二钱） 干姜（二钱） 附子（二钱） 艾叶（一钱） 白术（二钱） 茯苓（三钱） 黄连（
一钱） 甘草（一钱） 知母（三钱） 五味（一钱） 故纸（二钱） 香附（一钱）
歌曰∶热烦欲卧水泥中，阴甚需参姜附攻。
互用知连冬味草，苓葱纸艾性温通。
春月发热，气喘而口干渴者，感风热之气也。宜加减麻杏汤。
杏仁（三钱） 麻黄（八分） 石膏（三钱） 甘草（一钱） 僵蚕（三钱） 知母（三钱） 花粉（三钱
）连翘（二钱） 银花（二钱） 白芍（三钱） 蝉蜕（七个） 菊花（一钱） 牛蒡子（一钱）
歌曰∶渴兼发热在春天，麻杏知膏急与煎。
花粉银翘牛蒡菊，再加芍草共蚕蝉。
夏月发热，口渴而心烦懊者，伤暑热之气也。宜加味六一散。
炒栀（三钱） 麦冬（二钱） 滑石（三钱） 甘草（一钱） 黄芩（二钱） 花粉（三钱） 杏仁（三
钱） 香薷（一钱） 浓朴（二钱） 木通（二钱） 石膏（三钱） 荆芥（一钱） 知母（三钱） 银花（
二钱）
歌曰∶夏天热渴暑为殃，滑草栀冬芩粉详。
通朴杏薷膏合芥，银花知母性清凉。
[General Principle] Cold and heat are the manifestations and mechanisms of Yin and Yang; the principle that they mutually root and transform is difficult to comprehend. One must distinguish between deficiency and excess, true and false conditions; only by clearly understanding the exterior and interior can treatment be administered.
Fever with aversion to cold, skin feeling chilly as if sprinkled with cold water, and anhidrosis indicate wind-cold obstructing the exterior. The original formula Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is appropriate.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 7 fen), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 2 qian), Apricot Seed (Xingren, 3 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 1 qian).
The song states: Aversion to cold and fever without sweat, carefully seek the classic formulas of Mahuang Tang and Guizhi Tang.
Apricot seed assists Ephedra in inducing sweating, Licorice assists Cinnamon Twig in harmonizing; this formula is indicated for the sensation of chilliness on the skin.
(Note by Bo An: In my family, when encountering a common cold and refusing medication, we purchase Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 5 qian), Perilla Leaf (Zisu, 5 qian), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie, 5 qian), and Mint (Bohe, 3 qian), decoct them, cover the head with the steam, wait until sweat appears on the back and cold saliva flows from the mouth, then the illness resolves.)
Fever with aversion to wind, slight body heat, and spontaneous sweating indicate wind-cold invading the interstices (Couli). The original formula Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is appropriate.
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 2 qian), White Peony Root (Baishao, 3 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, roasted, 2 qian), Jujube (Dazao, 4 pieces), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 3 slices).
The song states: When fever accompanies sweating, avoid wind exposure; use a decoction of Fresh Ginger and Cinnamon Twig.
White Peony and Jujube combined with Licorice smooth the Ying Qi; releasing the muscle layer relies on following with warm porridge.
Fever without chills, dry mouth, dry tongue, and yellow stool indicate dry-heat of the Yangming channel. The original formula Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is appropriate.
Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 3 qian), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 3 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 1 qian), Rice (Jingmi, 2 qian).
The song states: Fever alone without chills and yellow urine, dry mouth and tongue with unbearable thirst.
Anemarrhena, Gypsum, Rice, and Licorice generate fluids; carefully examine the original formula Baihu Tang.
Chills alone without fever, and absence of symptoms such as dryness and thirst indicate Yang deficiency of the Shaoyin channel. Changsha's Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction) is appropriate.
Prepared Aconite Root (Fuzi, 2 qian), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 3 qian), Codonopsis Root (Renshen, 2 qian), Poria (Yunling/Fuling, 3 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 1 qian).
The song states: Chills without fever indicates Shaoyin deficiency; Atractylodes and Aconite restore Yang, and the body naturally feels comfortable.
Licorice, Codonopsis, and Poria all tonify Qi; when Qi is sufficient and the body warm, the disease can be eliminated.
Skin fever, worse with tidal fever at night, indicates Yin blood failing to nourish Yang. Danggui Buxue Tang (Angelica Tonifying Blood Decoction) is appropriate.
Angelica Sinensis Root (Danggui, 3 qian), Rehmannia Root (Shengdi, 3 qian), Astragali Radix (Huangqi, 2 qian), Codonopsis Root (Renshen, 2 qian), Scutellaria Root (Kubin/Huangqin, 3 qian), Albizia Bark (Hehuanpi, 2 qian), Cornus Fruit (Shanyuzi, 3 qian), Lily Bulb (Baihe, 3 qian), Ophiopogon Tuber (Maidong, 3 qian), Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai, 2 qian), Tortoise Shell (Guiban, 2 qian), Bamboo Leaf (Cizhuye/Danzhuye, 1 qian).
The song states: Skin fever increases at night, tonify with Angelica, Cornus, Rehmannia, Albizia, and Codonopsis.
Phellodendron, Tortoise Shell, Scutellaria, Ophiopogon, Albizia, and Bamboo leaf; Astragalus tonifies Qi causing fluids to rise.
Fever at Zi and Wu hours (midnight and noon), with worsening night sweats during sleep, indicates deficiency consumption with bone-steaming fever. Chaihu Qingzheng Tang (Bupleurum Clearing Steaming Decoction) is appropriate.
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 1 qian), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 3 qian), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui, 2 qian), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 3 qian), Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi, 3 qian), Moutan Cortex (Danpi, 1 qian), Persicam Semen (Taoren, 2 qian), Typhae Pollen (Puhuang, 3 qian), Gentiana Scabra Root (Danshen/Longdancao, 2 qian), Poria (Yunling/Fuling, 3 qian), Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu, 2 qian), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 3 qian), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 1 qian), Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Biejia, roasted, 2 qian).
The song states: Night sweats and fever often occur at Zi and Wu hours; use Moutan Cortex when worse at night.
Persicam Seed, Typha Pollen, Angelica, White Peony, Bupleurum, Scutellaria, Rehmannia; Gentian, Turtle Shell, Licorice, Poria, Fritillaria, and Apricot Seed are applied.
Alternating chills and fever, occurring at fixed times, indicates malaria of the Shaoyang channel. Duhuo Huangqin Tang (Angelica Pubescens and Scutellaria Decoction) is appropriate.
Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (Duhuo, 5 fen), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 3 qian), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 3 qian), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 3 qian), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo, 5 fen), Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen, 3 qian), Areca Seed (Binglang, 1 qian), Magnolia Bark (Nongpu/Houpo, 1 qian), Aurantium Fructus Immaturus (Zhike, 1 qian), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 3 qian), Gardeniae Fructus (Chaozhi/Zhizi, 3 qian), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 3 qian).
The song states: Alternating chills and fever use Bupleurum and Scutellaria; seek Notopterygium, Angelica pubescens, Anemarrhena, Gypsum, Apricot Seed, and Aurantium.
Trichosanthes Root, Areca Seed, Gardenia, Magnolia Bark, Licorice; adding Mint makes malaria difficult to invade.
(Note by Bo An: If malaria has occurred three or four times, decoct Bupleurum, Scutellaria, Polygalae Radix (Changshan), Tsaoko Cardamom Fruit (Caoguo), Fresh Ginger, and Jujube to drink, and it will stop. However, take the medicine one hour before the malaria attack. For persistent San-Yin malaria, boil an goose egg grown on the first or fifteenth day of the lunar month and eat it cooked, and it will immediately heal.)
Morning chills followed by evening fever indicates Yang Qi sinking into the Yin. Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment Qi Decoction) is appropriate.
Codonopsis Root (Renshen, 2 qian), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 3 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 2 qian), Tangerine Peel (Chenpi, 1 qian), Poria (Fuling, 3 qian), Astragali Radix (Huangqi, 1 qian), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma, 1 qian), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui, 3 qian), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 1 qian), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 3 slices), Jujube (Dazao, 4 pieces).
The song states: Morning chills and evening fever use Cimicifuga; add Codonopsis, Angelica, Atractylodes, and Licorice.
Tangerine Peel, Poria, Astragalus, Fresh Ginger, and Jujube together; tonifying the middle harmonizes Qi.
Body fever with red face, and diarrhea of clear water undigested food indicates interior cold with exterior heat (True Cold, False Heat). Jiawei Baitong Tang (Modified Baitong Decoction) is appropriate.
Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 2 qian), Prepared Aconite Root (Fuzi, 2 qian), Scallion White (Congbai, 5 stalks), Licorice Root (Gancao, 1 qian), Pig Gallbladder (Zhudan, 1 unit).
The song states: Red face and body fever resemble Yin deficiency, but why is there diarrhea of undigested grain?
Warming the interior urgently requires Dried Ginger and Aconite; Scallion and Pig Gallbladder make the decoction for treatment.
Body fever with red face, irritability, and desire to lie in mud or water indicates severe Yin repelling Yang (True Cold, False Heat). Yi Yuan Ai Fu Tang (Yi Yuan Mugwort and Aconite Decoction) is appropriate.
Codonopsis Root (Renshen, 2 qian), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 2 qian), Prepared Aconite Root (Fuzi, 2 qian), Mugwort Leaf (Aiye, 1 qian), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 2 qian), Poria (Fuling, 3 qian), Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, 1 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 1 qian), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 3 qian), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi, 1 qian), Psoraleae Fructus (Guzhi/Bopozhi, 2 qian), Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu, 1 qian).
The song states: Fever, irritability, and desire to lie in cement/mud; severe Yin requires Codonopsis, Dried Ginger, and Aconite to attack.
Mutually use Anemarrhena, Coptis, Ophiopogon, Schisandra, and Licorice; Poria, Scallion, Psoralea, and Mugwort have warming and unblocking properties.
Spring fever with asthma and dry mouth/thirst indicates contracting wind-heat Qi. Jiawei Maxing Tang (Modified Ephedra and Apricot Decoction) is appropriate.
Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 3 qian), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 8 fen), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 3 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 1 qian), Bombyx Batryticatus (Jiangcan, 3 qian), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 3 qian), Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen, 3 qian), Forsythiae Fructus (Lianqiao, 2 qian), Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Yinhua/Jinyinhua, 2 qian), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 3 qian), Cicada Slough (Chantui, 7 units), Chrysanthemi Flos (Juhua, 1 qian), Arctii Fructus (Niubangzi, 1 qian).
The song states: Thirst accompanied by fever in spring, quickly decoct Ephedra, Apricot Seed, Anemarrhena, and Gypsum.
Trichosanthes Root, Honeysuckle, Forsythia, Arctium, Chrysanthemum; add White Peony, Licorice, Silkworm, and Cicada Slough.
Summer fever with thirst and mental restlessness/agitation indicates injury by summer-heat Qi. Jiawei Liuyi San (Modified Six-One Powder) is appropriate.
Gardeniae Fructus (Chaozhi/Zhizi, 3 qian), Ophiopogon Tuber (Maidong, 2 qian), Talcum (Huashi, 3 qian), Licorice Root (Gancao, 1 qian), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 2 qian), Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen, 3 qian), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 3 qian), Moslae Herba (Xiangru, 1 qian), Magnolia Bark (Nongpu/Houpo, 2 qian), Akebiae Caulis (Mutong, 2 qian), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 3 qian), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie, 1 qian), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 3 qian), Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Yinhua/Jinyinhua, 2 qian).
The song states: Summer heat and thirst are caused by plague; Talc, Licorice, Gardenia, Ophiopogon, Scutellaria, and Trichosanthes are detailed.
Akebia, Magnolia Bark, Apricot Seed, Mosla, Gypsum, and Schizonepeta; Honeysuckle and Anemarrhena have cooling properties.