脊骨
【注】[1]脊骨者，脊膂骨也，俗名脊梁骨。
腰骨
【注】[1]腰骨者，即脊骨十四椎下，十五、十六椎间，尻上之骨也。
其形中凹、上宽、下窄，方圆，二三寸许，两旁四孔，
下接尻骨上际也。
%
胂
【注】[1]胂者，腰下两旁，髁骨上之肉也。
臀
【注】[1]臀者，胂下尻旁大肉也。
尻骨
【注】[1]尻骨者，腰骨下十七椎、十八椎、十九椎、二十椎、
二十一椎五节之骨也。上四节纹之旁，左右各四孔，骨形内凹如瓦，
长四五寸许，上宽不窄，末节更小，如人参芦形，名尾闾，一名□端，
一名橛骨，一名穷骨；在肛门后，其骨上外两旁形如马蹄，
附着两髁骨上端，俗名骻骨。
肛
【注】[1]肛者，大肠下口也。
大横骨、髁骨、楗骨
【注】[1]下横骨在少腹下，其形如盖，故名盖骨也。其骨左右二大孔，
上两分出向后之骨，首如张扇，下寸许弣着于尻骨之上，
形如马蹄之处，名曰髁骨；下两分出向前之骨，末如楗柱，
在于臀内，名曰楗骨；与尻骨成鼎足之势，为坐之主骨也，
妇人俗名交骨；其骨面名曰髋，侠髋之臼名曰机，又名髀枢，
外接股之脾骨也，即环跳穴处，此一骨五名也。
%
Spinal Column (Jǐ Gǔ)
[Note] [1] The spinal column refers to the vertebral column, commonly known as the backbone.
Lumbar Vertebrae (Yāo Gǔ)
[Note] [1] The lumbar vertebrae are located below the fourteenth thoracic vertebra of the spinal column, between the fifteenth and sixteenth vertebrae, and above the sacrum.
Their shape is concave in the center, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, roughly square or round, approximately two to three cun in length, with four holes on each side.
They connect downward to the upper end of the sacrum.
Gluteal Muscles (Shèn)
[Note] [1] "Shen" refers to the muscular tissue located on both sides below the waist, above the hip bones.
Buttocks (Tún)
[Note] [1] The buttocks refer to the large muscles located below the gluteal muscles and beside the sacrum.
Sacrum (Kāo Gǔ)
[Note] [1] The sacrum consists of five vertebral segments: the seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first vertebrae below the lumbar region. On either side of the grooves of these four upper segments, there are four foramina each. The bone is concave internally like a tile,
approximately four to five cun in length, wide at the top but not narrow, with the terminal segment being smaller, resembling the rhizome of *Panax ginseng* (Renshen Lu). It is named Tail Gate (Wěi Lǘ), also referred to as □ Duan (character missing in original text, likely implying sacral tip), Jue Gu, or Qiong Gu; it is situated posterior to the anus. Its upper lateral margins resemble a horseshoe,
and it attaches to the upper ends of the bilateral hip bones, commonly known as the pelvic bone (Hú Gǔ).
Anus (Gāng)
[Note] [1] The anus is the lower opening of the Large Intestine (Dà Cháng).
Greater Transverse Bone, Hip Bone (Kē Gǔ), Pillar Bone (Jiàn Gǔ)
[Note] [1] The inferior transverse bone is located in the lower abdomen. Its shape resembles a cover, hence it is also called the Cover Bone (Gài Gǔ). It has two large foramina on the left and right.
Bones extending backward branch off from its upper part; their proximal ends resemble an open fan, while their distal ends, about one cun down, articulate with the horseshoe-shaped area on the upper surface of the sacrum. This is named the Hip Bone (Kē Gǔ); bones extending forward branch off from its lower part, with their distal ends resembling pillars. Located within the buttocks, they are named the Pillar Bone (Jiàn Gǔ). Together with the sacrum, they form a tripod structure, serving as the primary weight-bearing bones for sitting.
In women, this complex is colloquially called the Crossing Bone (Jiāo Gǔ). The surface of this bone is named the Hip (Kuān), the acetabulum adjacent to the hip is named Ji, also referred to as the Thigh Pivot (Bì Shū). It connects externally to the femur (referred to here as Pi Gu, relating to the proximal femoral structure), which corresponds to the location of the Huantiao Acupoint (Huántiào Xué). Thus, this single bony structure has five names.