条文：外障皆因六气生，暑寒燥湿火与风，内热召邪乘隙入，随经循系上头中。
方剂：
【注】[1]此明外障受病之因也。
[2]外障者，从外而遮也。风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火，六气也。
[3]外障之病，皆因六淫所感，然必因其人内热外蒸，腠理不密，相召外
邪，乘虚而入，入项属太阳，入面属阳明，入颊者属少阳，各随其经
之系，上头入脑中，而为患于目焉。
[4]其证：赤、痛、肿、涩、眵、泪、医膜遮睛也。
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条文：外障暴赤血灌瞳，硬睛赤垂与黄冲，蟹睛旋螺并努肉，鹅冠蚬肉崇疼同。
突睛漏睛连鹘眼，拳毛倒睫胞凝逢，眦赤花陷及黑钉，喎僻冰瑕粘睛并。
玉翳水轮逆顺，睑出风粟又混睛，撞破撞刺及针刺，眼痒泪出疮痍生。
客热伤寒并肝热，因他痰核天水行，青盲赤烂□疮病，转关生赘疳眼名。
小儿通睛恙虽小，还有眯目证为轻，此为外障四十人，熟读方知各证情。
方剂：
【注】[1]外障者，或因内热，或因外邪，或内、外合邪，致生目赤肿痛翳膜等
证也。
[2]暴者，暴赤生翳也。
[3]血灌瞳者，血灌瞳人也。
[4]硬睛者，睑硬睛疼也。
[5]赤垂者，赤膜下垂也。
[6]黄冲者，黄膜上冲也。
[7]蟹睛者，形如蟹睛而疼痛也。
[8]旋螺者，形如旋螺尖起也。
[9]努肉者，努肉攀睛也。
[10]崇疼者，神崇疼痛也。
[11]突睛者，突起睛高也。
[12]漏睛者，漏睛脓出也。
[13]鹘眼者，鹘眼凝睛也。
[14]胞凝者，胞肉胶凝也。
[15]眦赤者，两眦赤脉也。
[16]花陷者，芯翳白陷也。
[17]黑者，黑翳如珠也。
[18]钉者，钉翳根深也。
[19]喎僻者，风牵喎僻也。
[20]冰瑕者，冰瑕翳深也。
[21]粘睛者，两睑粘睛也。
[22]玉翳者，玉翳浮满也。
[23]水轮者，膜入水轮也。
[24]逆顺者，逆顺生翳也。
[25]撞破者，被物撞破也。
[26]撞刺者，撞刺生翳也。
[27]针刺者，痛如针刺也。
[28]泪出者，冲风泪出也。
[29]疮痍者，风赤疮痍也。
[30]客热者，暴风客热者。
[31]伤寒者，伤寒热病后患目也。
[32]肝热者，肝虚积热也。
[33]因他者，因他病后生翳也。
[34]痰核者，脾生痰核也。
[35]天水者，天水行后赤眼也。
[36]赤烂者，胎风赤烂也。
[37]□疮者，□疮入眼也。
[38]转关者，辘轳转关也。
[39]生赘者，睑中生赘也。
[40]此外障四十八证之总名，读者诚能熟习
玩味，自因病而各得其情矣。
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Translation:
Article: External eye obstructions (Wai Zhang) are all caused by the Six Qi (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire). Internal heat attracts external pathogens, which enter through vulnerabilities and travel along meridians to the head.
Formula:
[Note] [1] This clarifies the etiology of external eye obstructions.
[2] "External obstruction" refers to conditions where external factors obscure the eye. Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, and Fire constitute the Six Qi.
[3] Diseases of external obstruction are caused by the contraction of the Six Excesses (Liu Yin). However, this must be accompanied by internal heat steaming outward and loose interstices (Cou Li), which attract external pathogens to enter via deficiency. Pathogens entering the neck belong to the Taiyang Meridian; those entering the face belong to the Yangming Meridian; those entering the cheek belong to the Shaoyang Meridian. Each follows its respective meridian connections, ascending to the head and brain, thereby causing pathology in the eyes.
[4] Symptoms include: redness, pain, swelling, dryness/astringency, excessive discharge (Chi), tearing, and nebulae (Yi) obscuring the pupil.
Article: External obstructions may present as sudden redness with blood flooding the pupil, hard eye (Ying Jing), descending red membrane (Chi Chui), and ascending yellow membrane (Huang Chong); crab-eye (Xie Jing), spiral-cone (Xuan Luo), and pterygium (Nu Rou); goose-comb (E Guan) and clam-flesh (Xian Rou) with similar pain; protruding eye (Tu Jing) and leaking eye (Lou Jing) connected to Hu-eye (Gu Yan); curled eyelashes (Dao Jie) meeting adhered eyelids (Bao Ning); red canthi (Zi Chi), depressed white nebula (Hua Xian), and black nail-like nebula (Hei Ding); facial paralysis affecting the eye (Wai Pi), deep ice-flaw nebula (Bing Xia), and adhered eyes (Zhan Jing). Jade nebula (Yu Yi) involving the Water Wheel (Shui Lun - Pupil) growing in reverse or forward directions; wind-millet appearing on eyelids and mixed corneal opacity (Hun Jing); injuries from collision or puncture causing nebulae; stinging pain like needle pricks; itching, tearing, and skin sores (Chuang Yi). Guest-heat (Ke Re), sequelae of Cold Damage (Shang Han), and Liver Heat (Gan Re); nebulae arising after other diseases, phlegm nodules (Tan He), or following Tian Shui Xing (epidemic red eye); blindness (Qing Mang), red rot (Chi Lan), specific sores entering the eye, rolling pivot disorders (Zhuan Guan), eyelid growths (Sheng Zhui), and malnutrition eye disease (Gan Yan). Although strabismus (Tong Jing) in children is minor, squinting (Mi Mu) is even lighter. These constitute forty types (actually forty-eight) of external obstruction syndromes; thorough study reveals the nature of each syndrome.
Formula:
[Note] [1] External obstructions may arise from internal heat, external pathogens, or a combination of both, leading to symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, and nebulae.
[2] "Bao" (Sudden) refers to sudden redness and nebula formation.
[3] "Blood flooding the pupil" refers to blood filling the pupillary area.
[4] "Hard eye" refers to hard eyelids and painful eyeballs.
[5] "Descending red membrane" refers to a red membrane hanging down.
[6] "Ascending yellow membrane" refers to a yellow membrane rising upward.
[7] "Crab-eye" refers to a shape resembling a crab's eye with pain.
[8] "Spiral-cone" refers to a protrusion shaped like a spiral cone.
[9] "Nu Rou" refers to pterygium growing over the cornea.
[10] "Chong Teng" refers to pain attributed to spiritual affliction (or severe swelling/pain depending on interpretation).
[11] "Protruding eye" refers to high, bulging eyeballs.
[12] "Leaking eye" refers to pus discharging from the lacrimal punctum.
[13] "Hu-eye" refers to fixed, staring eyes (Gu Yan Ning Jing).
[14] "Bao Ning" refers to adhesion of eyelid tissues.
[15] "Red canthi" refers to red vessels at the inner and outer corners of the eyes.
[16] "Depressed flower" refers to a central depression in a white nebula.
[17] "Black" refers to a black nebula resembling a pearl.
[18] "Nail" refers to a deeply rooted nebula.
[19] "Wai Pi" refers to wind-induced facial deviation affecting the eye.
[20] "Ice-flaw" refers to a deeper superficial nebula.
[21] "Adhered eye" refers to adhesion between upper and lower eyelids.
[22] "Jade nebula" refers to a white nebula floating fully across the cornea.
[23] "Water Wheel" refers to the nebula entering the pupillary region.
[24] "Reverse/Forward" refers to the direction of nebula growth.
[25] "Collision break" refers to rupture caused by blunt trauma.
[26] "Puncture injury" refers to nebula formation after penetrating injury.
[27] "Needle prick" refers to pain sensation like needle pricking.
[28] "Tearing" refers to tearing upon exposure to wind.
[29] "Sores" refers to wind-induced redness and sores on the eyelids.
[30] "Guest-heat" refers to epidemic acute conjunctivitis (Bao Feng Ke Re).
[31] "Cold Damage" refers to eye disease occurring after febrile illness from Cold Damage.
[32] "Liver heat" refers to accumulated heat due to Liver deficiency.
[33] "Due to others" refers to nebulae arising after other systemic diseases.
[34] "Phlegm nodule" refers to phlegm-dampness nodules formed in the Spleen system.
[35] "Tian Shui" refers to chronic red eye following epidemic conjunctivitis.
[36] "Red rot" refers to congenital or infantile blepharitis (Tai Feng Chi Lan).
[37] "[Missing Character] sore" refers to a specific sore condition invading the eye.
[38] "Turning pivot" refers to restricted or abnormal eye movement (Lu Lu Zhuan Guan).
[39] "Growing growths" refers to benign growths on the eyelids.
[40] These are the general names for forty-eight types of external obstruction syndromes. If readers study them diligently, they will naturally understand the characteristics of each syndrome based on the disease.