治阴亏火旺, 肺痿咳血, 骨蒸盗汗, 虚劳之证.
黄柏 ( 盐酒炒 ) 知母 ( 盐水炒 ) 各四两 熟地 ( 酒蒸 ) 败
龟板 ( 酥炙 ) 各六两猪脊髓和炼蜜为小丸, 日干. 每服三钱, 淡盐
汤下.
【注】朱震亨云: 阴常不足, 阳常有余, 宜常养其阴, 阴与阳齐, 则
水能制火, 斯无病矣. 今时之人 , 过欲者多, 精血既亏, 相火必旺,
真阴愈竭, 孤阳妄行, 而劳瘵, 潮热, 盗汗, 骨蒸, 咳嗽, 咯血, 吐
血等证悉作. 所以世人火旺致此病者, 十居八九, 火衰成此疾者, 百
无二三. 震亨发明先圣千载未发之旨, 其功伟哉! 是方能骤补真阴,
承制相火, 较之六味功效尤捷. 盖因此时以六味补水, 水不能遽生;
以生脉保金, 金不免犹燥. 惟急以黄柏之苦以坚肾, 则能制龙家之火
;继以知母之清以凉肺, 则能全破伤之金. 若不顾其本, 即使病去犹
恐复来, 故又以熟地, 龟板大补其阴, 是谓培其本, 清其源矣. 虽有
是证, 若食少便溏, 则为胃虚, 不可轻用.
治梦遗, 失精及与鬼交.
黄柏 砂仁 甘草, 右蜜为丸, 每服三钱.
【集注】赵羽皇曰: 经云: 肾者主水, 受五脏六腑之精而藏之. 又曰
:肾者, 主蛰封藏之本, 精之处也. 盖肾为坚脏, 多虚少实, 因肝木
为子, 偏喜疏泄母气, 厥阴之火一动, 精即随之外溢. 况肝又藏魂,
神魂不摄, 宜其夜卧鬼交精泄之证作矣. 封髓丹为固精之要药, 方用
黄柏为君, 以其味性苦寒, 又能坚肾. 肾职得坚, 则阴水不虞其泛溢
:寒能清肃, 则龙火不至于奋扬. 水火交摄, 精有不安其位者乎? 佐
以甘草, 以甘能缓急, 泻诸火与肝火之内扰, 且能使水土合为一家,
以妙封藏之固. 若缩砂者, 以其味辛性温, 善能入肾, 肾之所恶在燥
,而润之者惟辛, 缩砂通三焦达津液, 能纳五脏六腑之精而归于肾,
肾家之气纳, 肾中之髓自藏矣. 此有取于封髓之意也. 汪昂曰: 此方
加天冬, 地黄, 人参, 名三才封髓丹. 用天冬补肺以生水, 地黄补肾
以益精, 用人参补脾, 从饮食中化生水精也. 以药有天, 地, 人之名
,而补亦在上, 下, 中之分, 使天地位育参赞居中, 故曰三才也. 喻
昌曰: 加黄柏以入肾滋阴, 砂仁以入脾行滞, 甘草以稍变天冬, 黄柏
之苦, 俾合人参创建中气, 以伸参两之权, 殊非好为增益成方之比也
.
Indicated for Yin deficiency with hyperactive fire, pulmonary atrophy with hemoptysis, bone-steaming night sweats, and consumptive disease syndromes.
Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), stir-fried with salt wine; Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), stir-fried with salt water; each 4 liang. Shudi (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata), steamed with wine; Biejiia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), fried with su (rendered pork fat); each 6 liang. Mix with pig spinal cord and refined honey to make small pills, dried in the sun. Take 3 qian per dose, washed down with light salt water decoction.
[Annotation] Zhu Zhenheng stated: Yin is often insufficient, while Yang is often in excess. One should constantly nourish Yin so that Yin and Yang are balanced; then Water can control Fire, and thus no disease will occur. People nowadays indulge in desires frequently; once Jing (Essence) and Blood are depleted, Ministerial Fire (Xianghuo) must become hyperactive. True Yin becomes increasingly exhausted, and solitary Yang acts recklessly, causing all symptoms of consumptive disease (Laozai), tidal fever, night sweats, bone-steaming, cough, hemoptysis, and hematemesis to manifest. Therefore, among those suffering from these diseases due to hyperactive fire, eight or nine out of ten are affected; only two or three out of a hundred suffer from this due to deficient fire. Zhenheng elucidated the profound principles of the ancient sages that remained unexplored for a millennium; his merit is great! This formula can rapidly tonify True Yin and restrain Ministerial Fire, being more effective than Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). Generally, using Liuwei Dihuang Wan to tonify Water at this stage cannot generate Water immediately; using Shengmai San (Generate Pulse Powder) to protect Metal may leave Lung Metal still dry. Only by urgently using the bitter property of Huangbai to firm the Kidney can Dragon Fire be controlled; subsequently, using the cooling property of Zhimu to cool the Lung can preserve injured Lung Metal. If one ignores the root, even if the illness leaves, recurrence is feared. Therefore, Shudi and Biejiia are used to greatly tonify Yin, which is called "cultivating the root and clearing the source." Although these symptoms exist, if there is poor appetite and loose stools, it indicates Spleen/Stomach deficiency, and this formula should not be used lightly.
Indicated for nocturnal emission, spermatorrhea, and "ghost intercourse" (hallucinatory sexual experiences due to mental disturbance).
Huangbai, Sharen (Amomi Fructus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). Grind into powder, mix with honey to make pills. Take 3 qian per dose.
[Collected Annotations] Zhao Yuhuang said: The Classic states: The Kidney governs Water and receives the Essence of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs to store it. It also states: The Kidney is the foundation of hibernation and sealing/storing, the residence of Essence. The Kidney is a solid organ, mostly deficient rather than excess. Since Liver Wood is the child of Kidney Water, it tends to drain the mother's Qi. Once Jueyin Fire moves, Essence flows out externally. Moreover, the Liver stores Hun (Ethereal Soul); if Hun and Shen (Spirit) are not contained, it is no wonder that night-time "ghost intercourse" and seminal emission occur. Fengsui Dan is an important herb for consolidating Essence. In this formula, Huangbai is the Sovereign herb because its flavor and nature are bitter and cold, capable of firming the Kidney. When Kidney function is firm, Yin Water need not fear flooding; Cold nature clears and purifies, preventing Dragon Fire from raging. When Water and Fire interact and contain each other, how can Essence fail to remain in its place? Gancao is added as an Assistant; Sweetness can relieve urgency, clear various Fires and internal disturbance of Liver Fire, and harmonize Water and Earth to achieve solid storage. As for Sharen, its pungent and warm nature enters the Kidney well. The Kidney dislikes dryness, and only Pungency can moisten it. Sharen unblocks the Triple Burner and promotes fluid distribution, allowing the Essence of the Five Zang and Six Fu to return to the Kidney. When Kidney Qi is stored, Marrow within the Kidney is naturally preserved. This takes inspiration from the meaning of "Fengsui" (Sealing Marrow). Wang Ang said: Adding Tiantong (Asparagi Radix), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), and Renshen (Ginseng Radix) to this formula creates Santai Fengsui Dan. Tiantong tonifies Lung to generate Water; Dihuang tonifies Kidney to benefit Essence; Renshen tonifies Spleen to transform food into Essence. Because the herbs correspond to Heaven, Earth, and Man, and their tonifying effects cover Upper, Lower, and Middle Jiao, with Heaven and Earth establishing positions and Renshen assisting in the middle, it is called Santai (Three Capacities/Heaven-Earth-Man). Yu Chang said: Adding Huangbai enters the Kidney to nourish Yin; Sharen enters the Spleen to move stagnation; Gancao slightly modifies the bitterness of Tiantong and Huangbai, enabling them to jointly establish Middle Qi with Renshen, thereby extending the authority of Renshen. This is certainly not comparable to arbitrarily adding ingredients to existing formulas.