麻黄 芍药 桂枝 细辛 甘草 干姜各三两 五味子 半夏各半升 石膏二两
右九味，以水一斗，先煮麻黄，去上沫，内诸药，煮取三升，强人服一升，羸者减之
，二、三服，小儿服四合。
【集解】
李□曰：心下有水，麻黄、桂枝发汗以泄水于外，半夏、干姜、细辛温中以散水于内
，芍药、五味子收逆气以平肝，甘草益脾土以制水，加石膏以去烦躁，兼能解肌出汗
也。
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咳而脉浮者，厚朴麻黄汤主之。脉沉者，泽漆汤主之。
【注】
咳，谓咳而不上气也。脉浮者，风寒病外也。主之厚朴麻黄汤者，以散外邪为主也。
脉沉者，痰饮病里也。主之泽漆汤，以逐内饮为主也。
【集解】
尤怡曰：此不详见证，而但以脉之浮沉为辨；而异其治。按：厚朴麻黄汤与小青龙加
石膏汤大同，则散邪蠲饮之力居多，而厚朴辛温亦能助表，小麦甘平，五味敛安正气
者也。泽漆汤以泽漆为主，而以白前、黄芩、半夏佐之，则下趋之力较猛，虽生姜、
桂枝之辛，亦祗为下气降逆之用而已，不能发表也。仲景之意，盖以咳皆肺邪，而脉
浮者，气多居表，故驱之使从外出为易；脉沉者气多居里，故驱之使从下出为易，亦
因势利导之法也。
厚朴五两 麻黄四两 石膏如鸡子大 杏仁半升 半夏半升 干姜二两 细辛二两
小麦一升 五味子半升
右九味，以水一斗二升，先煮小麦熟，去滓，内诸药，煮取三升，温服一升，日三服
。
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao, 芍药), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝), Asari Radix (Xixin, 细辛), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草), Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang, 干姜) each three liang; Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi, 五味子), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, 半夏) each half sheng; Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) two liang.
The above nine herbs, with one dou of water, first decoct Mahuang, remove the foam on the surface, then add the remaining herbs, and decoct to obtain three sheng of liquid. For robust individuals, administer one sheng; for frail individuals, reduce the dosage. Administer in two or three doses. Children administer four ge.
[Collected Explanations]
Li □ stated: When there is fluid retention below the heart, Mahuang and Guizhi induce sweating to vent the fluid externally; Banxia, Ganjiang, and Xixin warm the middle jiao to dissipate internal fluid; Shaoyao and Wuweizi avert rebellious qi to calm the Liver; Gancao tonifies Spleen Earth to control fluid; adding Shigao eliminates irritability and also aids in releasing the muscle layer and inducing sweating.
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For cough with a floating pulse, Houpo Mahuang Tang (Magnolia Bark and Ephedra Decoction) is indicated. For a sinking pulse, Zeqi Tang (Phytolaccae Decoction) is indicated.
[Annotation]
"Cough" refers to coughing without wheezing or shortness of breath. A floating pulse indicates Wind-Cold pathogenic factors affecting the exterior. The indication for Houpo Mahuang Tang is primarily to disperse external pathogens. A sinking pulse indicates Phlegm-Fluid retention in the interior. The indication for Zeqi Tang is primarily to purge internal fluids.
[Collected Explanations]
You Yi stated: This section does not detail the clinical manifestations but distinguishes the syndrome solely by whether the pulse is floating or sinking, thereby employing different treatments. Note: Houpo Mahuang Tang is largely similar to Xiao Qinglong Jia Shigao Tang (Minor Green Dragon Decoction plus Gypsum), possessing strong powers to disperse pathogens and eliminate fluids. Houpo is acrid and warm, assisting in releasing the exterior; Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus) is sweet and neutral; Wuweizi astringes and stabilizes healthy Qi. Zeqi Tang uses Zeqi (Phytolaccae Rhizoma) as the principal herb, assisted by Baiqian (Polygalae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and Banxia. Its downward-draining force is more potent. Although Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Guizhi are acrid, they serve only to descend Qi and counteract rebellion, lacking the ability to release the exterior. Zhang Zhongjing's intent was likely that coughs stem from Lung pathology. When the pulse is floating, Qi tends to reside in the exterior, making it easier to expel it outwardly; when the pulse is sinking, Qi tends to reside in the interior, making it easier to expel it downwardly. This is the method of facilitating the natural course of the disease.
Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 厚朴) five liang, Mahuang four liang, Shigao equivalent to the size of a chicken egg, Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 杏仁) half sheng, Banxia half sheng, Ganjiang two liang, Xixin two liang, Xiaomai (Tritici Fructus, 小麦) one sheng, Wuweizi half sheng.
The above nine herbs, with one dou and two sheng of water, first decoct Xiaomai until cooked, remove the dregs, then add the remaining herbs, and decoct to obtain three sheng of liquid. Take one sheng warm, three times daily.