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1. Ancient texts state: Dian (catatonia) and Kuang (mania) originate from the same pathological basis, but Kuang is caused by Yang pathogenic factors, whereas Dian is caused by Yin pathogenic factors. The initial onset of Dian manifests as dysphoria or lack of joy; in severe cases, it presents with mental dullness, idiocy, and disordered speech. Kuang manifests as anger, ferocity, restlessness, insomnia, fixed gaze, cursing, and failure to recognize relatives. Dian (epilepsy/seizure disorder) manifests during attacks as vomiting of saliva/phlegm, coma, jaw clenching, and falling; after convulsions cease and consciousness returns, the patient appears normal.

[Annotation] Li Shizhen stated: Medical classics mention "Dian and Kuang" together, and also refer to "Dian disease" as "Kuang," indicating that Dian and Kuang often occur as combined disorders. When pathogenic factors enter the Yang aspect, Kuang results; when they enter the Yin aspect, Dian results. Generally, at the onset of Dian, the patient's will is depressed and mood is unhappy; severely, spirit becomes dull and idiotic, speech is illogical, yet sleep patterns remain normal because the pathogen aggregates in the Yin. At the onset of Kuang, there is irritability and insomnia; severely, the patient becomes ferocious, murderous, stares fixedly, curses, ignores kinship ties, and suffers from nighttime insomnia because the pathogen aggregates in the Yang. However, these differ from Dian seizures: Dian attacks involve vomiting phlegm, sudden loss of consciousness, jaw clenching, and convulsions of varying duration. Upon recovery, daily activities and diet return to normal, which serves as the distinguishing feature. Although Dian is classified into five types named Chicken, Horse, Ox, Sheep, and Pig based on superficial symptom resemblance, the underlying causes are merely Phlegm, Fire, Qi stagnation, and Shock. Therefore, treatment principles are similar to those for Dian and Kuang.

Formulas: San Sheng San (Three Sages Powder), Qingzhou Baiwanzi (Qingzhou White Pill), Guntan Wan (Rolling Phlegm Pill), Suixin Dan (Heart-Penetrating Pill), Fanyu Wan (Alum and Curcuma Pill), Kongyan Dan (Phlegm-Controlling Pill), Baodan Wan (Gallbladder-Embracing Pill), Zhenxin Dan (Heart-Calming Pill).

2. For the three diseases of Dian, Kuang, and Dian seizures: if phlegm is abundant at onset, use San Sheng San to induce vomiting; if Wind is prevalent with phlegm, use Qingzhou Baiwanzi; if Heat is prevalent with phlegm, use Guntan Wan; if Phlegm excess accompanies Qi stagnation, use Suixin Dan or Fanyu Wan; if Phlegm accompanies Shock, use Kongyan Dan; if there is no phlegm but spirit is light leading to palpitations/shock, use Baodan Wan or Zhenxin Dan. During an attack, moxibustion at Baihui (GV20) brings natural peace. At initial onset, insert Sichuan soapberry powder into the nose; if excessive salivation needs stopping, apply salted broth.

[Annotation] In the early stages of Dian, Kuang, and Dian seizures, if phlegm is abundant, first use San Sheng San to induce vomiting. If Wind predominates with phlegm, employ Qingzhou Baiwanzi. If Heat predominates with phlegm, employ Mengshi Guntan Wan (composed of Qing Meng Shi [Lapis Lazuli], Chen Xiang [Aquilaria Wood], Bai Yao Jian [Fermented Tea Brick], Chuan Da Huang [Rhubarb Root], Huang Qin [Scutellaria Root]). If Phlegm is excessive and constitutional Qi is strong, employ Suixin San (composed of Gan Sui [Radix Euphorbiae Lathyri], Zhu Sha [Cinnabar], Zhu Xin [Pig Heart]). If Phlegm accompanies Qi stagnation, employ Fanyu Wan (composed of Bai Fan [Alumen), Yu Jin [Curcuma Longa Rhizome]). If Phlegm accompanies Shock, employ Kongyan Dan. If there is no phlegm but spirit is light causing palpitations, employ Zhenxin Dan or Baodan Wan; these are established formulas. During a Dian seizure, apply moxibustion to Baihui (GV20); the number of moxa cones is not restricted, stopping when the patient regains consciousness. Reapply upon recurrence until cured. At initial onset, instill Sichuan soapberry juice into the nasal cavity so that Wind-phlegm exits via nose and mouth as sputum. If salivation persists after recovery, administer salted broth to stop it naturally.